Photo da bayanin "Doriphor" Policlet

Lokacin da neman a "Doriphor" Policlet mutum mai rai a cikin wannan karni da kuma ba masani a al'amura na art, ya ba nan da nan fahimci dalilin da ya sa wannan sassaka da aka dauke su don haka m. Duk da haka, da Sahaban na zamanin d Girkanci Masters iya sosai da sauri gane mutum-mutumi ya bambanta daga sauran ayyukan da lokaci. Sassaka "Doryphoros" Policlet kasaftawa musamman staging na jiki, shi ne daya daga cikin na farko da ayyuka a zamanin tsohuwar Girka, wani hali wanda da jũna da rai, a shirye don samun kashe pedestal mutum. Back a waɗannan kwanaki mutum-mutumi ne dauke da wani nasa tarihin na gargajiya art, wani misali da wani shifran tabbatar rabbai cewa iya numfashi rayuwa a cikin tagulla.

Polykleitos

A sculptor wanda Ya halitta mutum-mutumi, wanda za a tattauna a cikin labarin, ya rayu a karshen V karni BC (watakila 480-420-s BC). A daidai wurin haihuwa ne ba a sani ba Policlet. A cewar tsoho Greek mawallafa, shi zai zama Argos ko Sicyon, birnin ne m al'adu na lokaci cibiyoyin. Da basirarsu Polycleitus tara karkashin Agelara sculptor. Tare da shi, suka tafi wani sanannen Greek artist Myron.

Policlet kerawa bambanta rashin search for manufa. Samar da sculptures, ya nemi a cimma kammala a cikin hali aika da fuska. Ya heroes ne da nisa daga Hustle da bustle, su ne a kwantar da hankula da kuma hikima. Harmony aka halin ba kawai adadi, amma kuma ta ciki abun ciki na image.

fi so haruffa

Kafin da kuma bayan halittar "Doriphor" Policlet sha'awar a cikin image na 'yan wasa. Wannan ba abin mamaki: wanda amma da kwarjini da taƙama Olympic nasara, zai iya nuna duk da kyakkyawa da wani ɓullo da namiji jiki. Duk da haka, mafi sau da yawa fiye da ba Polycleitus Zagayawar 'yan wasa a lokacin gasar da kuma bayan nasarar. A wannan lokaci, da jiki ya dauki yawa tashin hankali, amma babu wata alama da gajiya. A jikin zama annashuwa da kuma tattara a lokaci guda - zuwa jin cewa wannan jituwa, wanda ya ƙaunace kuma san yadda za a aika da da tsoho Greek sculptor.

sculptures

A gaskensu da mutummutumai da marubucin bai tsira. Mutane da yawa daga cikin ayyukan su ne kawai a cikin irin kwatancin Sahaban, wasu sauko mana ta hanyar Roman kofe. Saboda haka, son sculptors alfarma daular zuwa wani maimaitawa na zamanin d Girkanci ayyukansu zai ba da damar art masana tarihi na mu lokacin da za a gani daya daga cikin farko ayyukan Policlet. Jagora shãfe haske da lashe gasar wasannin Olympic a lokacin da ya lashe kansa. Amma a kan mutummutumai Pifokla da Ariston, kuma Hercules da Hamisa, da muka sani ne kawai ta hanyar rubuta kafofin.

Da ɗan baya, halittar wadannan ayyuka Polycleitus - "Doryphoros" kuma a lokacin da aka shirya - ya koma Athens. A nan sai ya Halicci "rauni Amazon". Wannan sassaka ya kai mu a cikin wani nau'i na Roman kofe. A style ne kusan guda a matsayin "Doriphor" Policlet. Sirri na jiki, da jawo wani karfi murdede jiki, tunani na ciki ƙarfi - duk da cewa unites biyu mutummutumai.

A karshen rayuwa ta tafiya

A Athens Polycleitus tsunduma da hoto sassaka. Duk da yake wannan irin art ya ba da na kowa. Polycleitus, kuna hukunta da suke dashi rahotanni da sake dubawa, daidai san da kasuwanci. A kafofin kiyaye bayanai bisa ga abin da master yi aiki a kan hoto Artemana injiniya na Pericles.

Mutummutumai na 'yan shekarun nan daidai da sabon nema daga marubucin. Daya daga cikin wadannan ayyuka - "Diadumen" (game da 430 BC). The mutum-mutumi, dake nuna wasannin Olympic lashe, wata kyau karimcin ga kunnen doki da kintinkiri a kansa. A adadi da kuma gyara man fuska magana ne da yawa kasa a kwantar da hankula fiye da a baya ayyukan master.

"Doryphoros" Policlet: description

Duk da haka, ya fi shahara sculptor na aikin shi ne daidai "Doryphoros". A sassaka depicts spearmen kawai lashe gasar. A rubutun ba ya sauko mana, Dates baya 460-450 shekaru. BC. e. Don yin hukunci a cikin aikin a yau, za mu iya godiya ga 'yan tsira kofe.

Imperceptible motsi da kuma kafa jiki - wancan ne abin da fice da mutum-mutumi, wanda aka halitta Polycleitus. Doryphoros mai ɗaukar tsaye, ya jingina a daya kafa, na biyu kawai na goyon bayan da siffa - idan ya kasance game da su dauki wani mataki. The dama hannu da aka saukar da matasa, a kan hagu, ya rike da mashi. Easy ganin cewa sashi na jiki ne a natsuwa, kuma da sauran shi ne siga. Wannan hade dubi haka halitta abin da Spearman alama da rai. Statue favorably tare da canzawa images, halayyar da suka gabata lokacin da art.

Canon

A zuciya na gina jiki "Doriphor" Policlet sa a daidai ilmin lissafi lissafi da kuma halin da ake ciki na Pythagoreanism. Hoto Wizard namiji jiki akai-akai kofe da mabiyansa da kuma aka kira "Policlet Canon". Har ila yau, shi ake cewa mai rubutun da wani sculptor, wanda aka kafa daga cikin muhimman koyarwar Pythagoras da kuma ilmin lissafi lissafi na rabbai. Aiki da sculptor bai kai mu a yau ya yi hukunci da shi, masana kimiyya iya kawai ta hanyar da records marubucin Sahaban.

A tushe abun da ke ciki - haye m motsi na jiki. A hannun dama, da kuma saukar da goyon bayan kafa a tsaye, amma siga. Hagu da m sassa na jiki ne annashuwa, amma a lokaci guda ne a motsi. Tare da wannan adawa Policlet kasa aika da ciki a kwantar da hankula hali da kuma lokaci daya shiri ga wani gwaji.

Golden Sashen

Lokacin da mutum-mutumi da aka halitta "Doryphoros" Polycleitus amfani da wani manufa na Pythagoreanism. Duk da rabbai na jiki an gina bisa ga mulkin na zinariya sashe. A takaice za a iya tsara kamar haka: tsawon dukan abu ko jiki don haka yana nufin mafi part, da karshen su runtse. A tsawo daga cikin mutum-mutumi nufin da nisa daga pedestal zuwa cibiya spearman, da karshen zuwa nesa daga cibiya zuwa saman kai.

All rabbai na sassaka ne batun wasu lissafin. Wannan shi ne wani manufa daidaituwa tsakanin sassan jiki, kyale su haifar da kyau warrior, ba wani dogon ko stocky adadi da kuma kokarin maimaita da yawa dalibai Master kwashe "Doriphor". Ga wasu daga wadannan rabbai:

• da nisa daga kokuwa da Chin ne 7 sau da ƙananan fiye da tsawo spearman.

• daga idanu da Chin - 16;

• fuska tsawo - 10.

A mulkin na zinariya sashe da gwargwado rabo Polycleitus lura a duk karatu. Ya ƙi su yi musu Master kawai a lokacin da suka fara musanta halitta sigogi na jikin mutum a wani musamman sassaka.

contrapposto

Polycleitus daya daga cikin na farko ya yi amfani da dabara contrapposto, wanda daga baya ya zama wani classic. An bayyana a matsayin lokaci a giciye-tashin hankali a hannuwansa da ƙafafunsa. Acceptance take kaiwa zuwa wani karin halitta matsayi, to kai da jinginar a ta motsi. Mutummutumai, ta yin amfani da contrapposto, kwantanta favorably da rikicewar sculptures na tsufa. Su labarun da suke zaune mutane, amma ba daskararre kofe na abũbuwan bautãwa.

Aiki a kan sculptures Polycleitus kallo mutane. Ya lura cewa, akwai ko da yaushe wani sashi na jiki motsi sa wani canji a matsayin da sauran. Ya kasance ba na farko don ganin wannan alama, amma mafi alhẽri daga wasu iya wuce shi. Kamar wasu daga cikin magabata, ya gane bukatar sa kaimi hagu kafar da dama hannu ko dama kafar da kuma bar hannu domin watsa na motsi. Wannan matsayi ne na gicciye sassa na jiki, wanda a cikin sa contrapposto manufa.

Abin baƙin ciki, mun ba kai asali mutum-mutumi, wanda aka halitta Polycleitus. "Doryphoros" photo show ne mai kyau, kuma a cikin tsira kofe na image embodies Canon kyau namiji jiki. Duk da haka, akwai dalilin yi imani da cewa asalin rasa a cikin ƙarni, duba ko da mafi jitu. Duk da haka, "Doryphoros" da ya rage wani abin koyi a cikin art na yau. jiki rabbai da zinariya rabo, amfani da su haifar da shi, kuma dauke manufa a yau. Yau da sassaka "Doriphor" za a iya dauke da wani irin ilimi abu, ba kawai ga sculptors, amma kuma ga artists da sauran iyayengiji.