"Phenytoin": umarnin don amfani, analogs, Abun da ke ciki

Abin da ya ƙunshi irin wannan magani kamar yadda "Phenytoin" Umurnai na amfani, analogs ne jamiái da wannan aiki sashi za a gabatar a kasa.

Chemical dũkiyarsu da kuma nau'i na

"Phenytoin" tare da wannan aiki sashi ne wani anti-farfadiya magani. Yana da wani wanda aka samu daga hydantoin, sosai a kusa da barbituric acid (a cikin sinadaran tsarin).

The abu a tambaya ne kunshe a cikin jerin muhimman magunguna ta WHO, kazalika da jerin muhimman magunguna.

Phenytoin (umarnin don amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi da bangaren za a wakilta nan) da aka hada a 1908 shekara. Kuma kawai ta 1937-Mu ta anticonvulsant kaddarorin da aka gano.

Wannan abu ne mai foda (crystalline) na mai farin launi wanda shi ne kusan insoluble a ruwa. Wannan fili iya narkar da a 1% bayani daga caustic Alkali.

A halin yanzu saki baka Allunan "Phenytoin" kazalika da nufin for parenteral gwamnati.

pharmacology

Ta yaya miyagun ƙwayoyi "Phenytoin"? Umurnai na amfani na nuni da cewa, tana da ikon anticonvulsant wakili, antiarrhythmic, antiepileptic da tsoka relaxant Properties.

Anticonvulsant aiki da wannan shiri ne wajen high. Duk da haka, ya ganawa ba sa drowsiness da lethargy.

Phenytoin kira tasiri Bio-lantarki stabilizer. A lokacin da shan high allurai daga cikin abu, zai iya kai wa ga matalauta daidaituwa na mutum motsi.

Dauke nufin activates da CNS, qara excitability bakin kofa, yana da wani antiarrhythmic mataki a kan zuciya, da kuma rage kudi na nassi daga cikin hatsaisai na katako reshe block da Purkinje zaruruwa.

Ginshikai na mataki na miyagun ƙwayoyi

Bisa ga abin da sakamako magani "Phenytoin"? Umarni ya furta cewa, cikin ka'ida da ta sakamako a kan jikin mutum ne har yanzu ba cikakken gane. Duk da haka, masana jayayya da cewa da muhimman hakkokin alama na wannan kayan aiki ne da ikon dattako membranes (neuronal) synaptic sadarwa na jijiya Kwayoyin da jiki.

Saboda irin wannan effects, da miyagun ƙwayoyi iya iyakance yaduwar neuronal zumudi, kazalika da rage irin kãmu aiki.

Features kudi

The ƙwarai magani "Phenytoin"? Umarnin don amfani da rahoton cewa ta aiki abu rinjayar da autonomic ganglia, laka kuma kwakwalwa nama, zuciya, ciki har da conductive tsarin, na gefe jijiyoyi da tsoka santsi na hanji da kuma zuciya tasoshin.

Karbar wannan magani rage sodium taro a neurons, sauƙaƙe kai na sodium ions daga Kwayoyin, kuma ma rage kwayuka alli ƙungiyoyi.

Ya kamata a lura kuma cewa dauke magani rinjayar da aiki na fibroblasts, glial Kwayoyin, kuma endocrine. An gano da ikon hanzarta rauni waraka, to kashe da ayyukan rabe (glutamate), inganta samar da oxygen zuwa Kwayoyin, tsokoki da kuma gabobin a cikin yanayi na hypoxia da gubobi guba.

Da miyagun ƙwayoyi a warkewa allurai yana matsakaici toning da calms kuma ba jaraba.

motsi

Kada phenytoin abu da ake tunawa? Umurnai na amfani (wani nau'i na saki na wannan sunan miyagun ƙwayoyi da aka mai suna a sama) ya furta cewa, da na baka gwamnati da miyagun ƙwayoyi bangaren na wannan fairly sauƙi samamme ta jiki daga mãsu haƙuri. Duk da haka, da pharmacokinetic sigogi dauke nufin su iya bambanta da yawa a cikin daban-daban kungiyoyin na marasa lafiya.

Cincirindo miyagun ƙwayoyi a cikin jini da aka samu a cikin 5-14 hours (up to 28 hours ga kwamfutar hannu halitta). A sakamakon baka gwamnati da miyagun ƙwayoyi ne lura bayan kimanin awa daya, kuma bayan igiyar jini gwamnati - bayan 'yan mintoci.

Kusan 80% na aiki abu da ake dangantawa da jini jini sunadaran. Mutane da koda cuta, da kudi na iya kai 43%.

Bisa ga umarnin da kudi fairly da sauri nasara da jini-kwakwalwa shãmaki. A wannan yanayin, shi ne rarraba a kusan duk tsokoki da kuma gabobin.

Game da 5% na phenytoin aka outputted da kodan. Tare da girmamawa ga sauran mahadi, shi ne metabolized a cikin hanta da kuma tuba a cikin m paraoksifenily da glucuronides, wanda sa'an nan ya fito daga jiki tare da bile.

Ta yaya ya kamata in yi amfani da magani "Phenytoin"? A amfani da wannan magani aka nuna tare da pentobarbital, bitamin D da kuma K, kazalika da sauran protivoepileptikami. Kawai a cikin wannan hali ya za a yi kamar yadda tasiri a matsayin yiwu.

shaidar

A wasu lokuta, amfani da kwayoyi tare da aiki sashi, kamar yadda phenytoin? Umurnai na amfani (Allunan, kuma bayani kamata bayar da shawarar ne kawai gogaggen likita) ya nuna wadannan alamomi:

• epilepsy.
• lokaci bayan tiyata da rauni (a matsayin m magani).
• na ramin zuciya da kuma supraventricular arrhythmia, wanda aka lalacewa ta hanyar wani yawan abin sama na antidepressants kuma cardiac glycosides.
• Halin epilepticus tare da m hadaddun seizures da tonic-clonic seizures.
• Meniere ta ciwo.
• trigeminal neuralgia, ciki har da juriya ga carbamazepine.
• ulcerative colitis ko m hanji ciwo (a ineffectiveness sauran far).
• disturbances tunani matakai, shafi tunanin mutum cuta, halin cuta.
• strabismus da glaucoma.
• mahaukaci farfadowa tsari (konewa, hakori caries, ulceration da scleroderma).
• relapsing zazzabi da kuma hypothalamic ciwo.

contraindications

An fito da magani iya ba za a yi amfani da lokacin da:

• cachexia ko leukopenia.
• lactation.
• mai tsanani hanta da koda cuta.
• zuciya rashin cin nasara, AV-kawancen na 2nd ko 3rd digiri, bradycardia.
• hypersensitivity zuwa aiki abubuwa.
• porphyria.
• ciwo na Morgagni-Adams-dana kunamar rura.
• ciki.

Har ila yau, taka tsantsan a marasa lafiya da ciwon sukari mellitus, shan barasa, a lokacin da lupus erythematosus ko hyperthermia.

Medicine "Phenytoin": umarnin don amfani da

A sashi daga cikin miyagun ƙwayoyi ne a zabi akayi daban-daban dangane da haƙuri da shekaru da kuma cutar.

Lokacin da farfadiya cututtuka kashi ya zama sau da yawa m, fiye da epilepsy. Medicine a kwaya siffan dauka kawai a lokacin da abinci.

A kullum kashi na adult marasa lafiya da nawa to 1-3 Allunan (kasu kashi 2-3 allurai). Idan ya cancanta, wannan lambar za a iya ƙara har zuwa 4 Allunan a rana.

Matsakaicin sashi na magani da rana ne 8 Allunan. A wannan yanayin, a wani lokaci da haƙuri iya kawai dauki 3 Allunan.

A lura da yara a karkashin 5 shekaru da suka sanya ¼ kwamfutar hannu sau biyu a rana. Kids 5-8 shekaru - a cikin wannan adadin, amma 3 ko 4 a rana sau.

Yara suka yi kai da shekaru 8, shi ne shawarar ba 1-2 Allunan a 2 raba allurai.

A tsawon lokaci da magani tare da wannan kayan aiki ne a tsare kawai da wani gwani.

Ayyuka da-hali

Magunguna phenytoin iya haifar da wadannan a ke so effects:

• Skin alerji, rash morbilliform (kamata dakatar da miyagun ƙwayoyi zuwa canja bayyanar cututtuka).
• Mai tsananin rashin lafiyan halayen (da wuya faruwa), zazzabi, m fata eruptions, Stevens-Johnson ciwo, erythema angioedema, hepatitis.
• Gingival hyperplasia, macrocytosis, osteomalacia, megaplasticheskaya anemia, thrombocytopenia, pancytopenia, hirsutism, haemolytic anemia, lymphadenopathy.
• Kashi-dogara cuta na tsakiya m tsarin, ido, lebe da kuma eyelids fibrillation, juyayi, ataxia, juwa ko jiri, tremor, rashin barci, irritability, azanci shine neuropathy (abin da ke faruwa tare da shafe tsawon high allurai).
• Hypertrichosis, coarsening na gyara man fuska fasali, hyperpigmentation, nauyi asara, amosanin gabbai.

Ya kamata kuma a lura da cewa, a lokacin da samun da farko kashi, da mãsu haƙuri iya ci gaba wadannan gefen sakamakon gastrointestinal cuta, tadawa na hanta enzymes, tashin zuciya, dyspepsia, gastralgia da gastritis. Ana zargin wannan effects za a iya kauce masa idan ka dauki kwayoyi kawai a lokacin da abinci.

lokuta da yawan abin sama

Aikace-aikace na dauke da miyagun ƙwayoyi a high allurai domin tsawo lokaci za a kai ga ci gaban ataxia, nystagmus, hyperkinesis, azanci shine neuropathy, kuma diplopia. Har ila yau, wani haƙuri iya bayyana epilepsy riba, hyperglycemia, kuma mãyen.

Ya kamata a lura cewa wannan abu ne da babu takamaiman maganin guba. Far kamata a da za'ayi bisa ga bayyana bayyanar cututtuka.

Specific bayanai

Daga kudaden da ba za a iya abruptly soke marasa lafiya da epilepsy, kamar yadda wannan na iya haifar da ci gaban da ciwo. Idan kana so ka ki yarda da shi (misali, allergies ko hypersensitivity), ya kamata ka yi amfani da anti-kãmun magani daga wani irin.

Jiyya nufin dauke rinjayar cholesterol, bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, hanta enzymes, glucose, magani alli da hormone thyroxine.

Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, phenytoin abu ne metabolized a cikin hanta, duk da haka a lokacin da liyafar bukatar kula na musamman ga mutane da hanta gazawar.

Idan wani mutum ya rigaya an lura hypersensitivity zuwa hydantoin anticonvulsants, sa'an nan abu ne kuma zai yiwu alerji.

A lokacin jiyya, da haƙuri da aka haramta don fitar da wani mota da kuma cika m aiki.

Analogs da kuma sake dubawa

Abin da zai iya maye gurbin antiepileptic miyagun ƙwayoyi "Phenytoin"? Analogues wannan wakili dauke da wannan aiki sashi. Wadannan magunguna hada da wadannan: "Difenin", "diphenylhydantoin" da "Dilantin".

Mafi reviews na marasa lafiya a karkashin shawara ne adalci. Suna jayayya da cewa da miyagun ƙwayoyi da aka canjawa wuri quite sauƙi. Bugu da kari, shi yana da kananan adadin da ba ya rasa ta anticonvulsant Properties ko da bayan shafe tsawon gwamnati.

Ya kamata mu ma lura da cewa akwai mai yawa tabbatacce sake dubawa na wannan abin hawa, wanda ya bar marasa lafiya da suke dauki da shi a cikin hadaddun far.