Pedagogical anthropology da ayyukan zamantakewa

Ilimin zamani na zamani ya wuce ta hanyoyi daban-daban a fanninta a matsayin kimiyya. Ɗaya daga cikin su shine ilmin lissafi na pedagogical - koyaswar da aka tsananta masa sau da yawa domin dalilai na akida a cikin USSR. Babban dalilin irin wannan "ƙayayuwa hanya" ya abin da ta sa ran la'akari da ilimi tsari ba kawai a matsayin wani aiki na tsanaki mutum daukan hotuna zuwa m cibiyoyin na jihar da kuma jama'a, amma kuma ba hukumomi yanayin da dalilai, gadar hali, yanayi na zamantakewa mazauninsu. A wannan ma'anar, ilimin lissafin ilimin lissafin ilimin lissafi shi ne koyarwar hadaddun, wadda ke da alaƙa da irin waɗannan maganganun kimiyya kamar ilimin kimiyya, zamantakewa, likita, tarihin, jinsin, da dai sauransu.

Game da matsalolin ilimin makaranta, wannan yana nufin cewa ba'a kula da ilmin ilimin makarantar ba a matsayin mai rinjaye dangane da wasu dalilai, ko ma mabudin (akwai irin waɗannan maganganu). A ra'ayi na wakilai na wannan ilimin kimiyya, yanayin halayen - al'umma, iyali, tunanin mutum, hadisai da imani, har ma da yanayin yanayi da yanayin hawan yanayi - suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen bunkasawa.

Yawanci daga wannan rubutun, ilimin psycho-pedagogical ya tabbatar da cewa don cimma burin ilimi, dole ne muyi la'akari da nasarorin kimiyya daban-daban, inda, kamar yadda Ushinsky yayi jayayya, "jiki da ruhu" na mutum suna nazarin. A cikin 20s zuwa 30s na karni na 20, an kafa wata makarantar kimiyya ta fannin ilmin lissafi a cikin Soviet Union, wanda ya jaddada bukatar da ake da shi wajen daidaita batun ƙaddamar da abubuwa.

Daga cikin manyan wakilan wannan makarantar Ushinsky, Sevostyanov, Uznadze. Mafi yaduwa a tsakanin masana kimiyya da ilimin tauhidi shine ilimin lissafi na Ushinsky. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa Ushinsky ke shiga aikin aikin tsarin koyar da ilimin tauhidin Soviet, har ma da nufin samarwa ba kawai ilimin ilimin ilimin ilimin lissafi ba, amma ilimin lissafi. A cikin zurfin tabbacinsa, irin wannan tsarin zai iya tabbatar da fadada iyakokin duniya da kuma duniyar duniya, kuma, sakamakon haka, ya taimaka wajen samar da wani mutumin Soviet a nan gaba.

Ushinsky da ilmin tauhidi na ilmin lissafi sun tabbatar da ka'idodin ci gaba na mutum, wanda bai isa ba don koyar da mutum ya rubuta, karanta da ƙidaya. Irin wannan horon da aka yi wa lakabi, a cikin ra'ayi na ilimin lissafi, zai iya haifar da gaskiyar cewa mutum zai girma gaba daya ba tare da komai ga yanayin da ke canza yanayin zamantakewa ba, sabili da haka ya zama "ballast" a cikin gina sabon al'umma, wanda aka kawo kwaminisanci. A aikace wannan yana nufin cewa kowane malami da malami ya kamata a horar da shi ta yadda za a iya amfani da duk wani lamari na gaskiya game da ilimi. Sai kawai a cikin wannan yanayin zai iya tasiri sosai game da halin, ji da halayen ƙananan ƙananan tsara.

Harkokin ilmin lissafi na Soviet ya nuna cewa yana da muhimmanci muyi nazarin ilimin farfesa na yammacin Yammacin Turai da wasu ƙasashe, amma wanda bai kamata ya kwace su ba, tun da yake wannan ya sabawa ainihin ra'ayin ilmin lissafin ilmin lissafi.

Harkokin ilmin lissafi a ilimin tauhidi yana ɗaukar la'akari da duk al'amuran zamantakewa, tunanin tunani, tarihi da kuma yanayin siyasa na halin mutuntaka, wanda ya ƙaddamar da ci gabanta ta hanyar ilimin psycho-psychological na mutane. Tambaye shi game da hade da zamantakewa da al'adu da kuma Psycho-jiki aka gyara a ilimi, koyar da anthropologism shi shawara don amfani a matsayin rarrab da manufa prirodosoobraznosti, wanda shi ne ya hada daidaituwa a cikin ilimi tsari ga cimma biyu da kimiyyar yanayin halitta da kuma al'adu.