Pavel Egorovich Chekhov: A Biography. Chekhov ta iyali. Uba Antona Pavlovicha Chehova

Uba Antona Pavlovicha Chehova, Paul Ye, an haife shi a 1825, a tare da. Olhovatka. Chekhov ta iyali sun serfs. A makaranta P. E. Chehov karatu karatu da rubutu, singing, Mastering da goge. Daga 1840 ya yi karatu a sugar ma'aikata a kauye Chertkov.

ƙaramin shekaru

Tun 1841, ya zama free baƙauye, godiya wa ubansa, sa'an nan kuma kara da shi zuwa ga jerin townspeople Rostov. A shekara daga baya ya riga ya zarce da bijimai daga kauyensu zuwa Moscow, inda ya samu nasarar sayar da su.

A 1844, mahaifin m zuwa Paul Zhukovsky Kobylinu I. E. (Taganrog m). Kasa da shekara guda a matsayin Chekhov ya jagoranci ofishinsa a kan cinikin waje.

a shekara daga baya, Paul Egorovich Chekhov (1825-1898 gg) taka leda bikin aure, ya zabi ya Morozova Evgenia Yakovlevna. Daga baya, ta ba shi shida magada: Alexander, Nicholas, Anton, Ivan, Maria Michael da. Saboda haka, Chekhov iyali yana da faɗi da sada zumunci.

Don ci gaba da samu nasarar ci gaba da cinikayya, dole ne ya bar bourgeois aji. 21.07.1858 Mr. Pavel Egorovich aka bayar da lakabi na m na uku guild. A shekara daga baya, shi amince a cikin sahu na biyu guild, wanda biya karin shekara goma sha shida.

Amma cinikayya da aka ba kawai Chekhov ta zama, ya kuma dauki wani aiki sashi a cikin zaman jama'a da ayyukan na gari. Saboda haka, a cikin 1866, Paul Egorovich Chekhov aka nada wani memba na cinikayya deputation, shekaru hudu daga baya ya aka bayar da formulary jerin. A 1871 ya bayar da lambar yabo.

iyali lalata

1876 kasance mai wuya daya ga Paul Zhukovsky iyali, ta fatattakakkun. Wannan shi ne saboda karkatar cinikayya a Taganrog, Rostov tun aza reluwe waƙoƙi a wannan lokaci. Har ila yau, Paul Egorovich Chekhov, A. P. Chehova ta mahaifinsa, biya gina Haikalin da iyalinsa, amma kamo dan kwangila ya kafa muni a farashin domin gina.

Duk wannan koro cikin iyali a cikin bashi. Pavel Egorovich Chekhov, wanda biography ya wuya sosai, ya bar for Moscow. Akwai ya rayu a talauci fiye da shekara.

A 1877 ya zama magatakarda a cikin m IE Gavrilova. Akwai mahaifin Chehova A. P. aiki fiye da goma sha uku shekaru.

Daga 1892 ya koma Melikhovo Estate Antona Pavlovicha Chehova. Akwai ya jagoranci tattalin arziki, neman bayan da lambu, na ajiye diary, karatu duk da jaridu da kuma sanar da A. P. Chehova game da articles.

A sabili da mutuwar da Paul Zhukovsky aiki a matsayin wani m aiki a 1898, wadda aka gudanar a birnin Moscow. Akwai aka binne shi a cikin Novodevichy hurumi.

matar

Evgeniya Yakovlevna Chehova (Morozov) ya matar Paul Zhukovsky. Kamar yadda wani yaro, muna da aka sanar da karanta da kuma rubuta ta cikin wani gajeren lokaci da kuma a gida.

Shin, ba kai da shekaru goma sha biyu, ta rasa mahaifinta. Ta iyali da aka tilasta su matsa zuwa Taganrog, inda ta aika zuwa Institute for Noble akwai mãtã Kurilova. Akwai, ta ya ƙware da kyau hali, da sautin da aka horar da su yi rawa.

Period lalata iyalan Eugene Y. ya jimre da wuya, amma ko da yaushe ya yi ĩmãni da mijinta da kuma goyan bayan dukan manufofin. Shiryar da gidaje a cikin Moscow, kuma Melikhovo ta dauki kan.

Exemplary iyaye, Paul Egorovich Chekhov, Evgeniya Yakovlevna Chehova duƙufa yawa lokaci zuwa tarbiyyar da kuma ilimi na yara. Eugene Y. ya sosai m, m da m mace. Na tabbata cewa kowane yaro yana son ta a hanya ta musamman. Bi da bi, ba ta bayar da wani favorites daga gare su, kuma da auna ga yara ya ba da dukan kuma kowane mutum.

Mutuwa ta riske ta kafin 83-shekara da ranar haihuwa, dalilin cewa ya rashin lafiya mai tsanani.

A nan gaba, Anton Pavlovich Chehov ba sau daya ambata cewa gwaninta ya gada daga ubansa da uwarsa ya dauki mafi kyau - ta rai.

Pavel Egorovich Chekhov. Yara. Ne ɗan fari na Alexander

Ne ɗan fari na Paul Zhukovsky Alexander aka haife shi a 1855, ya kasance wani marubuci. Ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare a birnin Taganrog kuma lashe lambar azurfa a. Nan da nan bayan da cewa, Alexander tafi Moscow don halartar Physics da lissafi Faculty of Jami'ar. A shekaru 27 years ya samu nasarar kammala horo.

A dalibi shekaru yi aiki tare da da yawa jaridu da mujallu, da ya jagoranci na farko gwaje-gwajen da na Anton Pavlovich.

A 1881, sai ya fara cohabit da AI-Sokolnikova Khrushchev. Ya ba su iya aure ta saboda Tula ruhaniya consistory bai ba da izini ga saki daga mijinta, ta haka ne Allah wadai da shi zuwa tutur ƙin ɗaure aure. Wannan bai hana biyu masoya da magada (Anton da Nikolai).

Shekaru hudu da suka bauta wa a Taganrog, St. Petersburg da kuma Novorossiysk Kwastan. Wannan ya bar wani mummunan bugu a kan aikinsa, domin ya kusan ya jefa shi. A 1886 Anton Alexander taimake samun matsayi a cikin jaridar.

Bayan shekaru biyu, sai ya batar da matarsa, da kuma a 1889 aka aure su N. A. Golden, wanda shi ne governess 'ya'yansa. Ta ba shi wata uku dan - Michael.

Nicholas

Nikolai Pavlovich Chekhov aka haife shi a 1858, ya kasance mai ban mamaki artist. Ya sauke karatu daga 5 nahawu makaranta a Taganrog. Sa'an nan, ya sauke karatu daga makarantar na zanen, saka da Architecture a Moscow.

Duk da yake har yanzu a dalibi ya fara wani karatu draftsman da cartoonist a mujallolin karatu hoto na ayyukan Anton Chekhov.

Ya na kowa-doka matarsa kuwa AA-Ipatief na Golden. Duk da softness, ya sha da yawa. Amfani da ya kai ga mutuwar a wani wajen farkon shekara.

Anton

Anton Pavlovich Chehov aka haife shi a 1860. Ya kasance wani shahararren mawallafin kuma marubucin wasannin kwaikwayo.

Ilimi a dakin motsa jiki ba ya hana shi domin ya taimaki Bulus Egorovichu a wani kantin kayan miya. Nasarar gama farko mataki na ilimi, ya zama dalibi na kiwon lafiya baiwa na Moscow University.

Da farko bazawa a "Mazari" mujallar ya riga ya kai shekaru ashirin. Kuma ya ba su daina, kuma ci gaba da za a buga a daban-daban bugu na nan a karkashin daban-daban pseudonyms.

Bayan kammala karatu daga jami'a, ya ya dauka up da matsayi na gundumar likita, ba tare da ya bar aikinsa na adabi aiki.

Kamar yadda ya tsĩrar da ya fara wasa "Uncle Vanya" da shekaru 27. A 1890, Sakhalin tsunduma rarrabuwa da kuma bayanin irin tarihi da kuma rayuwar da fursunoni, da littafin "Sakhalin Island" da aka saki daga bãya.

Bayan shekara talatin da Anton Pavlovich Chehov zama da aka sani, kuma a girmama marubuci, masu karatu kaunace aikinsa.

Kawai a 41 ya aure, ya zabi ya Olga Knipper. Olga ya asalinsa na Glazov, mahaifinta ya zama injiniya. Ta yi manyan ayyuka a productions na Chekhov. Suka sadu da a 1898 a wani maimaitawa wasanni na "The tsuntsun seagull", "Sarkin Fyodor Ivanovich."

Chekhov ya soyayya da farko wurin da aka buga da ta da murya, tsada, gaskiya. Olga kanta aka ce cewa daga lokacin da ya fara tsaurara hadaddun kulli ta rayuwa. Abin baƙin ciki, da aure dade ba.

A cikin shekaru 44 da shekaru, da tarin fuka ya kai shi ga mutuwa. A marubuci da aka binne, kamar mahaifinsa, Paul Egorovich Chekhov, da Novodevichy hurumi.

Ivan

Ivan Pavlovich aka haife shi a 1861 da kuma yi aiki da dukan rai malami. Lokacin da iyali koma Moscow, ya zauna a garinsu da kuma daura littattafai. A cikin shekaru goma sha takwas, shi ne ya sanar da a Voskresensk. Bayan aiki a can na tsawon shekaru biyar, ya tafi zuwa Moscow, inda ya jagoranci wani yawan makarantun gwamnati da kuma ma sanar.

All ransa ya yi nadãma, ba ya iya samun ko da wani makarantar sakandare ilimi, da kuma tsunduma a kai-kyautata. Ba kamar Nicholas, halinsa ya daban-daban taurin kuma imperiousness.

A 1893, a Melikhovo da ya bikin aure tare da S. V. Andreevoy.

Maria

Maria Pavlovna aka haife shi a 1863, ya aka sani a matsayin artist kuma malami. A shekara tara zuwa karatu a farkon Taganrog 'yan matan makaranta.
Bayan ya koma Moscow, nasarar kammala Filaretovskiy diocesan na kolejin mata. Next kammala karatunsa babban jami'in mace tarihi da kuma al'adu Darussan Guerrier. Don 41 shekaru yi aiki a matsayin malamin tarihi da labarin kasa, a wata 'yan matan makaranta.

A daidai wannan lokaci tsunduma a zanen da karatu a Stroganov School. Mary ma nasarar horar a cikin studio na AA Hotyaintsevoy. Mutuwa Antona Pavlovicha Chehova sa ta zuwa buga wallafe-wallafen ayyukan wanta, ta ya halitta a gidan-gidan kayan gargajiya na marubuci, inda ta kasance da darektan. A sabili da ta mutuwa ya da wani ciwon zuciya.

Michael

Mikhail Pavlovich aka haife shi a 1868, kazalika da wa, ya aka tsunduma a rubuce. Moscow ya samu nasarar sauke karatu daga Faculty of Law, a Jami'ar.

Ya yi aiki a matsayin haraji-biya sufeto, sa'an nan gangarawa cikin Yaroslavl exchequer sashen.
Kerawa da ɗan'uwansa ya ƙawãtar masa tafiyar da adabi, da kuma ya fara aiki a yara mujallu. Amma da aka ba da aka buga a karkashin sunan kansa, kuma Muka zãɓe da pseudonym "M. Bohemian ".

Creativity ne ya rabi: ya fizge da kyau, zai iya sauƙi wasa da Piano, ya tsunduma a almarar rubutu (labaru, kasidu, fassarorin). Daga bisani, Chekhov rubuta wani kundin sani - a littafin "A Chekhov".

Uba - Egor Mihaylovich Chehov

Uba Chehova P. E. dukan rai da aka a serf Chertkovs. Ya aikata wani rai a arable noma, sa'an nan ya fara aiki a wani sugar factory Chertkovs. Daga bisani, akwai da matsayi na magatakarda.

Sai matarsa ta E. E. Shimko, wanda ya ba da shi hudu magada (Michael Paul, Mitrofan, Alexander). Yegor Mikhailovich aka horar da kyau a rubuce-rubuce da kuma kyau kula da 'ya'yansu. Ya aka wuya-aiki, da karfi-Yã so, kuma Thrifty mutum. Saboda wadannan halaye ya ya iya saya da iyalinsa, kuma zama free baƙauye.

Bayan da aka sako, Yegor Mikhailovich fara sayar da dawakai, ya zama wani Bafilisten kuma ya sayi wani karamin gida da iyalinsa a birnin Taganrog. Duk da haka, birnin ya zo ba domin ya liking, da kuma sauran rayuwarsa sai ya ciyar a ƙauyen.