"Pallada" The Russian jirgin. "Jirgin ruwa mai filafilai" Pallada "- tafiya makala Goncharova I.

A cikin aikin na Ivan Goncharov zauna a wuri na musamman tafiya makala "jirgin ruwa mai filafilai" Pallada ". Sun shaida wa mai karatu mai yawa game da tsarin da kasashen waje jihohi, kamar yadda da m Turai da kuma mulkin mallaka a Afirka, da Asiya da kuma Far East. Babu kasa sha'awa shi ne bayanin da hanyar rayuwa na Rasha mutane a Siberia.

A fitacciyar na Rasha jiragen ruwa

A 1831, a kan sirri umarni na Nicholas I, akwai wani shafin na daya daga cikin shahararrun Rasha jiragen ruwa na farko da rabi na XIX karni "Pallada". A jirgin ruwa mai filafilai da aka sa zuwa teku a shekara daga baya kuma bauta ga fiye da shekaru 20.

"Pallas" a shekaru daban-daban a cikin umurnin H. Nakhimov P. Moller, J. Unkovsky. Saboda babban fasaha bayani dalla-dalla da kuma kere ayyuka na ƙungiya daga jirgin ba kawai zo da taimakon jiragen ruwa a wuya. Na yi amfani da shi domin dogon tafiye-tafiye zuwa gaba na wasu ƙasashe. Ya karshe tafiya da jirgin ya aikata zuwa Japan - ya bayyana a cikin makala I. Goncharov. A 1855, "Pallas" (jirgin ruwa mai filafilai sha wahala biyu m Typhoon da aka sawa-fito) ya tafi natsu a cikinsa, da bay matsara a kan ƙasa da na mallaka (Soviet) harbor a Khabarovsk Abuja.

duniya yawon shakatawa

Manufar na diplomasiyya manufa, Kanmu a 1852, shi ne bukatar kafa cinikayya tare da Japan da kuma duba Alaska mallakar Rasha. Ya aka tsince wani gogaggen matukan jirgin, procured na dogon lokaci da tanadi. A rukuni na jami'an diplomasiya jagorancin Vice Admiral E. Putyatin kuma sakataren bauta yayin da marubuci Ivan Goncharov a sashen harkokin ciniki. Jirgin ruwa mai filafilai "Pallada" tanã gudãna da Ingila, Indonesia, Afirka ta Kudu, China, da Philippines da kuma da yawa kananan tsibiran a cikin Atlantic, India da kuma Pacific tekuna. A duka tafiya dade kusan shekaru 3.

A tarihin rubuta littafin "jirgin ruwa mai filafilai" Pallada ""

I. Goncharov dauki labarai game da tafiya gaskiya ma, inda ya lura cewa zai ƙwarai gina rayuwarsa abubuwan. Daga farko kwanaki, ya fara rubuta saukar da duk abin da na gani a hanya log, ko da yake daga baya, a cikin gabatarwar zuwa makala, ya ce ya so kawai art form kama da mafi muhimmanci lokacin da tafiya. By da kwaikwayo na kasashen waje kasashen ƙara kiyaye rayuwar Rasha Siberia: Goncharov da aka samun to St. Petersburg ta ƙasar daga gaba na Bahar Okhotsk, wanda kusata "Pallas". Jirgin ruwa mai filafilai bukatar gyara kuma ba zai iya motsa kara kewayawa.

Watanni biyu bayan ya dawo a babban birnin kasar (a cikin Afrilu 1855) a "Notes da Fatherland" ya bayyana na farko zana na tafiya. Sa'an nan har shekara uku Goncharov da aka buga a "Sea tarin". Cikakken mujallar da aka buga a 1858 da kuma nan da nan ja hankalin na dukan karatu jama'a. Daga bisani, da littafin - wanda aka ba shirya asali marubucin - "jirgin ruwa mai filafilai" Pallada "" don ƙara biyu mafi makala. A farko aka bayyana a cikin karshe mataki na tafiya a fadin Siberia, a karo na biyu - game da nan gaba na jirgin.

Babban abũbuwan amfãni daga cikin tafiya records kira da yalwa da kuma bambancin da ainihin rubuta abu, wani sako game da mamaki, yau, iyalinsu kadan da aka sani da Rasha mutane, da m fasaha na marubuci.

"Jirgin ruwa mai filafilai" Pallada "": taƙaitaccen abun ciki na littafin

Makala wakiltar wani cikakken bayanin da suke zaune a kasashe daban-daban. Kuma marubucin ra'ayi ƙara m, kuma yana tare da m jawabinsa game da kasashen waje, wanda suka kasance. Alal misali, English wayewa, bisa ga Goncharov, halaka dukan abubuwa masu rai. A nan, duk abin da yake faruwa bisa ga shirya da kuma bãbu cordiality. Irin wannan hanya na nuna adawa ga m Rasha rai. Alal misali, ka tuna da labarin da ma'aikacin jirgin ruwa Sorokin, wanda ya yanke shawarar zuwa girma a Siberia burodi. Ya ra'ayin da aka mai nasara, amma shi ba ya dakatar a can, da kuma tasowa sabon ƙasa, bada 'ya'yan itãcen su aiki Tungus da coci.

Mutane daya-daya da hankali, da tunanin marubucin, gundura a kan jirgin "Pallas" - wani jirgin ruwa mai filafilai marubuci a} asar waje ne sau da yawa ake kira 'yan qasar gida - a game da rayuwar wani Rasha bafadan. Wannan leisurely shayi hutu, shiru kwance a kujera, m holidays. Domin Goncharova ba su tafi ba don wani kwatanta da m bustle na Turanci.

Negros, kuma Sin ba na son su wari, jera domin shi shafa da musamman mai. Japan marubuci dauke wayo (da mazan, da more wauta fuskoki writhe) da kuma sluggishness. Ya yi imani da cewa shi ne ya zama wajibi ga halaka su tsarin na kadaici daga waje duniya da kuma humanize. Amma da amfani da baubawa al'umma ya kusanci zuwa yanayi, da rasa gaba ɗaya Burtaniya. A wannan girmamawa, ban sha'awa marubuci ta karshe a kan sakamako daga mulkin mallaka, ya duba, kusan duk hanya na "Pallada". Bisa ga marubuci, "daji" da Sin a shortcomings iya koya m Birtaniya da kuma jama'ar {asar Amirka, da kuma hali, da kuma janar al'adun hali da kuma hali zuwa da kyautai na halitta.

Littafin kuma ya ce (a karon farko!) Game da rayuwar da Decembrists a Siberia, ya taimaka da wani sirri sani na marubuci tare da wasu daga wakilainsu. Mabuwayi Ya ɗaure a kan, rayuwa kanta (duk da rashin tausayi yanayi, da mafi kyau wakilan da nobility kokarin ci gaba a cikin bukkoki parlors dole matakin na ibada) ya taso da sha'awa na marubuci.

Da dama ban sha'awa da maki na makala Goncharova I.

A zamani karatu da littafin shi ne ban sha'awa bayanin abin da a yau alama m. Alal misali, dariya da kuma irony sa Goncharov al'ada gaishe da Turanci. "Da farko, kokarin yaga juna ta hannu," - ya rubuta. Ina da marubuci na sane da cewa soma a cikin harshen Turanci-maza hanya na gaisuwa zai bayyana a Rasha.

Wani funny episode zo zuwa Japan. Daya daga cikin yan unguwa ma'aikacin jirgin ruwa ya ba da kwalbar da babu komai. Bayan wannan, da Japan fassara tambayi dauki wani kyauta baya. Kuma a cikin kalmomi: "Eh, ya jefa shi (cikin kwalbar) a cikin teku," ya ce tsanani da ka iya ba. "Za mu kawo, kuma ka gaske jefa kanka ...". Sai ya juya daga haka da cewa hukumomin kasar da aka fafitikar da smuggling.

Ya bayyana sabon abu tafiya I. Goncharov, da jirgin ruwa mai filafilai "Pallada" wanda biyu da rabi shekaru ya ba kawai gidan da tunatarwa na mahaifarsa, amma kuma tushen wahayi, wanda a yarda don ƙirƙirar sosai m aiki.