Pacific Ocean: kwayoyin halitta. Wakilan mambobin duniya na Pacific

Yana da wuya a yi la'akari da wani duniyar da aka samu a duniyar duniya fiye da teku. Tun daga babbar tudun Tethys, a tsawon lokaci, tafkiyoyi hudu sun fito, wanda mafi girma shine ake kira Pacific Ocean.

Gudun game da Pacific

Pacific Ocean ne rikodin ga mutane da yawa masu alama. Yana da babbar (yana zama kashi na uku na ƙasa) kuma ba a kwance ba. Kuma suka kira shi don haka tare da wani haske hannunka na Ferdinand Magellan, wanda shi ne na farko wanda yake da ƙarfin hali da gaba daya haye jiki na ruwa, da kuma a lokaci guda ya yi sa'a ba to fada a cikin hadari. Amma kar ka yaudare kanka: wadannan ruwaye zasu iya zama haɗari sosai saboda kogin ruwa suna tafiya a kan fuskar su.

Bugu da kari, da Pacific Ocean - mafi girma teku na Duniya, sau biyu kamar yadda da yawa Atlantic takwaransa. Game da girmansa zai iya ba da ra'ayi daya: a kan tekun wannan tafki mai ban mamaki rayuwa game da rabi na yawan jama'ar ƙasar (jihohi 50).

Pacific Ocean ne mafi zurfi a duniya. Yana cikin kauri shi ne sanannen Mariana Trench, wanda zurfinsa ya kai kilomita 11. Wannan zurfafawa shine mafi muhimmanci a duniya. Bugu da ƙari, shi akwai wani gutter Philippine 10-kilomita.

Ƙasa na Pacific Ocean yana daya daga cikin abubuwan da suka fi rikitarwa, kuma yawan tsibirin tsibirin ƙasarsu ya kai dubu 10.

Duk da zurfin, an kira Pacific Ocean da mafi kyaun cikin sauran. Gaskiyar ita ce, tana da siffar wani tudu, wanda ya fadada a yankin na mahaita, wanda ya bayyana daɗaɗɗen ruwan.

Ruwa ta haɗu a kan babban faɗin Pacific, tsakanin kasashen biyu, Antarctica da Australia. Yana keta kusan dukkanin yankuna masu tasowa na duniya, saboda haka ruwan teku na Pacific Ocean, wanda shine tsarin halitta na babban tafki, ya cancanci kulawa. Bayan haka, yana da gida zuwa rabi na jimlar kwayoyin halitta dake rayuwa a cikin Tekun Duniya.

Organics daga cikin mafi girma teku

Tsarin duniya na Pacific Ocean yana da wuya a bayyana a takaice. Musamman ma yana da wadata a wasu nau'o'in rayuwa a cikin wurare masu zafi da tsauraran yanayi. A arewacin mafi girma na teku, yawan kifin kifi sunyi ƙaura. Ruwa daga bakin tekun Kudancin Amirka ya cika da jiki da zooplankton, da anchovies, doki mackerel da mackerel. Coral reefs kawai suna kallo tare da abubuwa masu rai iri-iri: tarin teku, daban-daban mollusks. A cikin zurfin ruwa na ruwa wanda ke yada manyan whales, octopus, sharks, crabs da squid. Wani babban burin da ake kira tridakna, wanda yayi kimanin kilo 250, an ɓoye shi a cikin babban duhu na Pacific Ocean.

Daga cikin tsire-tsire mai zurfi na zurfin teku, laminaria mai lafaziya da giant-microcystis suna da mahimmanci. Gaba ɗaya, tsarin duniya na Pacific Ya bambanta, kuma wani lokaci na musamman. Alal misali, kawai nauyin ruwa a duniyar duniyar, wanda aka halitta ta kwayoyin halittu, yana samuwa ne daga bakin tekun Australiya, a cikin kogin Pacific Ocean. Za a iya kwatanta wannan ridge a girman da Ural Mountains.

Fauna: wakilan halayyar

Baiwa cewa Pacific Ocean da mazauna sun bayyana a gabani kafin cigaban zamantakewar bil'adama, zurfin wannan tafki yana cike da bambancin nau'in nau'i nau'i. Kuma wa] ansu wakilan majalisun duniya na Pacific, da suka wuce, sun mutu a sauran wurare na sararin samaniya. A cikin kaurinta ana samun kusan dukkanin kifaye na kasuwanci, manyan mambobi, irin su whales, alal misali, kogin fashe. Har ila yau, akwai magungunan: iyakoki na teku, beavers da hatimi. Yawan nauyin zooplankton, mollusks, oysters, crabs, jellyfish, squid da mussels sun ba da damar fatan sauran mazaunan suna da abinci. Mahalarta tana da gida ga sharks da kuma fasfo. Tuna ne na kowa. A nan, tare da ta'aziyya yana cikin mafarki mai ban tsoro na dan wasan motsa jiki: wata babbar mollusc - tridakna.

Bisa ga mahimmanci, Pacific Ocean, abincin duniya na tafki musamman, ya dogara da adadin phytoplankton. Inda ya isa, sauran rayuwa sun taso a can: zooplankton, mollusks, squid, whales da sauran wakilan kwayoyin halitta.

Sakonni

Fasali na tsarin duniya na Pacific Ocean shine cewa ko ta yaya yawancin wurare masu tasowa ke shafe haske, amma dabba daya shine kawai mazaunin wannan tafki. Shi ne ake kira hatimi. Wannan dabba mai giciye tsakanin wani hatimi da wani teku zaki. An rufe murfin fatar da ƙananan bristles, yana da kunnuwan da ke rufe lokacin da aka nutse cikin ruwa. Gumun ruwa ko ƙoshin ruwa suna taimaka masa ya yi iyo, har ma a ƙasa. Catkins sunyi zurfin mita 60, suna kama kifi da squid. Suna farautar da yawa a daren. Maƙalar mai mai yalwaci yana ceton rai don hatimi, a lokacin waɗannan wahala lokacin da dabbobi masu shayarwa ba za su sami wadata ba. Yana cike da kuma ciyar da waɗannan dabbobi na musamman.

Garkunan teku zakuna hijira sau da yawa a shekara: a spring, a kan tsibirin na Bering Sea dabbobi masu shayarwa bayyana zũriyarmu, kuma suka fi son su ciyar da hunturu a bude teku. Sarrafa dabbobi masu shayarwa da kuma kare garken masu jagoranci.

Tridakna: Barazanar iska

Wani halitta da ke rayuwa a zurfin kimanin mita 100 na ruwa, mai tsabta na halitta da mai samar da lu'u-lu'u, shine labari ne ko gaskiya? Wannan gaskiya ne. Girman shuki, wanda nauyinsa ya kai rabin ton, ya kasance cikin kauri na ruwa na Pacific Ocean, kusa da Philippines. Wannan halitta yana iya gudana ta hanyar kanta da ruwa na ruwa, don haka saturating plankton da oxygen. Mollusks na iya zama haɗari ga mai haɗuwa da iska: bayan da yake riƙe da wani ɓangaren mutum, sun hana shi damar yin iyo a saman. Kamar kowane nau'i na mollusk, tridacts suna haifa lu'u-lu'u. Tarihi da farin ciki yayi magana game da lu'u-lu'u a nauyin kimanin kilogram 7, yana da irin mutumin da yake ado a cikin rawani.

Abin takaici, wannan mallusc na musamman ya ɓace daga fuskar duniya. Ana ci ne kawai. Wani lokaci nama na wani mazaunin teku yana yanka a karkashin ruwa. Har ila yau, ana tunawa da abubuwan tunawa daga bawo, wanda ake bukata a cikin 'yan yawon bude ido. Mafi kyau tridakna yana kallon kantunan ruwa da gandun daji. Bugu da ƙari, ga ƙaƙƙarfan roƙo, yana wanke ruwa da kyau.

Furo iri iri

Ƙungiyar Pacific, wanda duniya ta duniya ta bambanta sosai, ba zai iya ganewa ba tare da ciyayi ba. Density da cikakke, an sake sarrafa shi ta hanyar belt din. Alal misali, a cikin wurare masu zafi, ƙwayoyin murjani da mangroves suna na kowa. Amma ga phytoplankton, an wakilta shi da yawa ta irin wadannan nau'in algae kamar diatome da peridinia. Game da irin yanayin zaman lafiya a cikin Pacific Ocean a kasa, na iya cewa adadi wanda ya nuna adadin algae na kasa: 4,000 nau'in. A cikin ruwan sanyi, akwai matakan laminar da launin ruwan algae.

Laminaria: fiye da algae

Pacific yana da kyau da kuma iko. Kasashen duniya sun cika da halittu da tsire-tsire masu yawa, daga cikinsu akwai sanannen kelp. Wannan alga a cikin kowa parlance an kira sea kale. Ya kai tsawon mita 20. Babban darajar wannan samfurin teku shine cewa laminaria yana da yawa a iodine. Wannan yana bawa jikin mutum damar ciyar da wannan sifa, wadda za ta kauce wa matsaloli tare da glandon thyroid a nan gaba. Bugu da ƙari, iodine kyauta ce mai kyau. Laminaria yana sa salads da kuma abinci mai gwangwani. Har ila yau, ana amfani da kelp a cikin masana'antar kiwon lafiya: yana samar da magunguna, ana amfani dashi don maganin masu ciki da kuma kula da obstetric. Kayan shafawa akan wannan mace na teku yana taimakawa wajen farfadowar fata da kuma asarar nauyi.

Mun bayyana yanayin duniya na Pacific kamar yadda ya kamata. Ko da yake, ba shakka, wannan shine ƙarshen dutsen kankara, tun da zurfin "tafkin" ba shiru "ajiyar kantin sayar da kayan tarihi ba.