Norilsk: yawan, sauyin yanayi, jan hankali

Daya iya ji sau da yawa game da birnin kamar Norilsk. Kuma wani abin mamaki, tun da shi ne a babban garin da cewa ya cancanci kulawa ta musamman. Yana maida hankali ne akan wani fairly babban yankin, akwai mutane da yawa masana'antu da kuma masana'antu da wuraren. Yana da daraja don samun sani wannan ban mamaki birni. Norilsk, wanda yana da wata alƙarya da yawa, yana da yawa ban sha'awa jan hankali. A labarin da ma zai yi magana game da sauyin yanayi, yanayi, ban sha'awa facts hade da matabbatarsu.

Norilsk: general bayanai game da birnin

Wannan gari yana mai located in Krasnoyarsk Territory, shi ne administrative cibiyar na gundumar. Abin sha'awa, shi yana na biyu mafi girma yawan mutanen da suke rayuwa a cikin ƙasa (da fari shi ne Krasnoyarsk).

City aka located a wani wajen matsananci yanayi zone. Norilsk ya samu matsayi na arewacin birnin, wanda shi ne gida mai da mutane fiye da 150 da dubu. Man.

Duk da haka, ya records ba ƙare a can. Norilsk yana daga cikin kwaminonin tare da m muhalli da yanayi. Wannan ya faru saboda gaskiyar cewa, babban yankin dake garin ayyukan su ne hako ma'adinai da karfe samar. Wannan yanki ya lashe wuri na shugaba, a matsayin masana'antu yankunan na wannan girma ba samu a ko'ina kuma a duniya.

Wani mai ban sha'awa Gaskiyar ita ce, da ƙofar gari rufe zuwa kasashen waje. Don ziyarci Norilsk, kasashen waje yawon bude ido dole ne ko da yaushe sha da hanya da samun musamman yarda. Irin matakan ne a shekara ta 2001. Kafin cewa, tun shekara ta 1991 kasashen waje jama'a kasance free to ziyarci Norilsk.

Abin da yankunan suna kunshe a cikin birni?

A baya can, Norilsk ya ba da irin wannan babbar yawan cibiyar. Bayan acceding zuwa makwabciyar garuruwa, ya zama yafi. Norilsk aka hada da dama yankunan:

• Tsakiya.
• Talnakh.
• Kayerkan.
• Snezhnogorsk.
• Oganer.

Su duk bambanta markedly daga juna. Wasu yankunan, kamar tsakiya, an gina kafin, domin su zane da aka kira su zuwa ga Birnin Leningrad, gine-ginen. Wasu kasance a wani lokaci daga baya lokacin. Su ne mafi yawa gina up tare da gidaje, halitta a kan tsarin ayyukan.

Norilsk yawan jama'a da kuma da halaye

Yanzu shi wajibi ne don bayani dalla-dalla a kan tambaya a game da mazaunan birnin. Don fara, ya kamata a lura da cewa karfi da karuwa a yawan jama'a da Norilsk faru bayan an haɗe zuwa 2 more ƙauyuka, wanda ɗauki sunayen Talnakh da Kayerkan. A halin yanzu, suna sassa na birnin. A wannan batun, Norilsk yawan markedly karu.

Bisa ga bayanan da 2015, yawan mazauna yankin ne 176 251 mutane. Kwanan nan da aka samu a hali da gaskiyar cewa mutane da yawa bar Norilsk. The yawan ƙwarai rage. A musamman tsanani ƙi aka gani a shekara ta 2014. A baya daya, a 2013, da yawan mazaunan amounted zuwa 177.738 mutane, a 2014 - riga 176 559. A 2015, yawan jama'ar ya ci gaba da fada.

Idan muka juya zuwa ga jerin Rasha birane da yawan mazaunanta, Norilsk bautarka 105th wuri, wanda shi ne quite a high adadi. A cikin duka, da jerin ne kusan 1114 birane. Saboda haka, za mu koyi game da bayanai a kan yawan jama'ar na gari, da kuma yanzu da daraja a ci gaba da shawara ta kasa tsarin.

National abun da ke ciki na yawan

Dole ne a disassembled, daki-daki, wanda ke zaune a yankin. Norilsk alfahari da wani arziki kabilu. Ya dade zaune a nan da dama 'yan asalin mutane, tsakanin wanda ya samu halartar da Nenets, da Nganasan, Dolgan, Enets. Yanzu za su iya a samu a nan ne rare. Game da mazaunin yawan jama'a, yanzu a Norilsk yafi mamaye Rasha, Ukrainians, Azerbaijanis da kuma sauran mutane. A 'yan asalin yawan nan ne kusan tafi. A garin sun fi mayar da sanaki mutane wanda sun koma a nan a tsakiyar da kuma karshen XX karni, kazalika da zũriyarsu.

A sananne ambaliya na yawan jama'a a birnin da aka saboda da m ci gaban da masana'antu da sauran kasuwancin gida. Yana da aka halitta da wani babban yawan jobs, kazalika da kayayyakin more rayuwa da cewa sanya rai a wannan wuri mafi dadi.

Musamman da suke zaune a cikin birnin

Ya kamata mu ma kula da halayyar fasali na gida rayuwa, inda a can ne quite mai yawa. Wadannan siffofin da aka kafa a dogon lokaci, shan la'akari da sauyin yanayi, yanayi da kuma Gwargwadon yanayin a cikin abin da akwai Norilsk. A birnin na yawan ne gaskiya musamman ga shirye-shiryen da abinci da kuma ta liyafar. Daga cikin mazauna babban adadin masunta da mafarauta. Saboda wannan, da tasa ne a barbecue, kuma suguday. A na biyu zai yi magana a wani kadan more. Suguday - wani abun ciye-ciye kunshi raw kifi, wanda aka kara zuwa kayan lambu mai, gishiri, barkono, albasa, grated apple, vinegar da kuma daban-daban kayan yaji. Amma ga sauran rare kayayyakin, mazauna sau da yawa tattaro namomin kaza, blueberries, cranberries da kuma cloudberries.

Prices a Norilsk ne matsakaita, amma wasu alama talakawa kayayyakin, suna da muni. Alal misali, burodi za a iya sayi for 60 rubles, a kilogram na kaza nama - for 132 rubles, a kilogram na shinkafa - for 70 rubles, da kayan lambu mai daraja 89 rubles. Prices a kan buckwheat a Norilsk tashi daga 160 rubles, apples mai daraja a 109 rubles, dankali kudin 53 rubles, da kuma albasa - 70 rubles.

An yi imani da cewa da dangantaka da Norilsk Taimyr sashin. A wannan yankin, za ka iya samun iri biyu kai: ruwa ko iska. Ground sako zuwa ga sauran Rasha (da ake kira babban yankin) ne mãsu fakowa ba.

A sauyin yanayi na birnin

Halitta da kuma yanayin yanayi a Norilsk quite matsananci. A birni ne dake a kan ƙasa na Far Arewa, dangane da abin da gida sauyin yanayi sosai matsananci to ba saba da shi mutumin. Weather a Norilsk yawanci sanyi. A sauyin yanayi a nan - da subarctic.

A birni an dauki daya daga cikin coldest a duniya. Saboda haka, mutane da yawa sun sha'awar abin da yanayin Norilsk faru sau da yawa? Winter nan yana da wani dogon lokaci da kuma halin da m sanyi. A watan Janairu, da talakawan zafin jiki ne game -28 ⁰S. Hankula weather domin hunturu - m sanyi tare da iska mai karfi. Cold zamani yana game da 280 kwanaki, shi zai fara a tsakiyar watan Satumba, kuma yana har sai farkon watan Mayu.

Summer ne kawai saita a marigayi Yuni kuma yana har zuwa karshen watan Agusta. Yawancin lokaci shi ne gizagizai kuma sanyi. A talakawan Yuli zafin jiki ne a kusa da 10.7 C. A cikin sharuddan talakawan zafin jiki, shi ne -9.6 C.

Wani mai ban sha'awa Gaskiyar ita ce, Norilsk ne jerin daga cikin biyar mafi m ƙauyuka a duniya.

yanayi

Mutane da yawa mamaki da abin da na halitta yanki ne zuwa Norilsk? A kan taswira shi ne dake kusan a Taimyr Larabawa, inda tundra mamaye. Wannan irin wuri mai faɗi ne halin da wasu peculiarities. Amma, a nan za ka iya ganin Woodlands, cike da koyaswa shrub tundra.

Saboda haka, ya bayyana abin da yake halitta zone Norilsk. A taswira kuma za a iya gani cewa babban adadin ƙõramu sunã gudãna a nan.

Duk da matsananci yanayi, yankin yana da quite a bambance bambancen fauna. A fauna a cikin gandun daji da aka yafi wakilta lemmings, reindeer, shrews, Foxes. Wadannan wurare ne mashahuri a cikin dayansu.

Daga cikin tsuntsaye sukan gani daban-daban na partridges, ake yin dusar ƙanƙara mujiya da sauransu. Wannan yankin ne gida da yawa migratory tsuntsaye.

Shiyyar lokaci

Mu yi koyi game da yanayi da kuma sauyin yanayi, wanda shi ne Norilsk. Lokaci nan ne kuma ya cancanci musamman shawara. Shiri ne a cikin Shiyyar lokaci da ake kira "Krasnoyarsk lokaci." Bambanci da Moscow ne 4 hr. Saboda haka, a lokacin da a Moscow 12:00 Norilsk riga 16.00. A Rasha, wannan Shiyyar lokaci ake cewa MSK + 4. Bisa ga World tsarin rubutu, birnin da aka located a cikin UTC + 7 zone. Bugu da kari ga Krasnoyarsk Abuja, inda a can ne Norilsk, shi ne a yanzu kafa a cikin ƙasa na wani 5 yankuna na Rasha. Haka kuma, muna samun su san yankin lokaci a cikin abin da ya ta'allaka Norilsk. Lokaci ne ba fassara, kamar yadda a wasu yankuna na kasar.

Tarik & Culture Norilsk

Ya kamata mu ma magana game da abin da tarihi al'adunmu abubuwa wanzu a wannan ban mamaki birni. Norilsk aiki da dama gidajen tarihi, kamar na Art Gallery da kuma Museum of History of bincike da kuma ci gaban wannan yankin. Gallery ne yadu a san da Popular. Wannan ne karo na biyu mafi girma a-tarin art a cikin dukan Krasnoyarsk Abuja. Yana ta fara aiki a shekarar 1980.

A Norilsk, bude ba kawai a gidan kayan gargajiya, amma kuma sinimomi. Yana aiki Drama wasan kwaikwayo mai suna bayan V. V. Mayakovskogo da matasa Theater. A takaice, da al'adu rayuwa a nan ne da raya da kuma aka gabatar a daban-daban kwatance. Daya kamata ziyarci da aka jera a cibiyoyin, ya yada zango a Norilsk. Reviews na kagaggun tabbatacce gidajen tarihi da kuma sinimomi. Musamman janyo hankalin maziyarta gallery, saboda akwai ana sa wasu na musamman aiki. Har ila yau a cikin Norilsk akwai sauran jan hankali da suke da daraja biya da hankali ga.

Gine-gine da jan hankali na Norilsk da su siffofin

Yana da ban sha'awa cewa wasu yankunan na Norilsk mamaki reminiscent na St. Petersburg. Mutane da yawa za su yi mamakin yadda da birane biyu suna da kama? Wannan shi ne da farko saboda gaskiyar cewa Norilsk aka kira su zuwa ga da yawa daga Birnin Leningrad, gine-ginen da suka tsara daban-daban gine-gine. Da zarar kana can, ya kamata ka shakka gani da gidan, located a kan Leninsky Prospekt da Guards Square.

Bayan wani lokaci gine na birnin ya canja, tun lokacin da 1960s, a nan, kamar yadda a wasu biranen Rasha, tsiwirwirinsu rare iri na gine-gine.

Yi da kuma gine Norilsk yana da wani ton na fasali. Su yafi dangantaka da gaskiyar cewa a lokacin da gina gine-gine a kan permafrost bukatar la'akari takamaiman abubuwan. A nan, da gine-ginen gudanar a samu na musamman da kwarewa na gina a cikin matsananci muhalli da yanayi. A nan gaba, wannan ilimi da ake amfani a baje a wasu birane da irin wannan yanayi.

Masana'antu da kuma tattalin arziki Norilsk

Kamar yadda ka sani, birnin ne gaskiya cibiyar na metallurgy. babban adadin wadanda ba ferrous karfe ake cirewa a cikin yankin, kamar tagulla, cobalt, nickel da daraja karafa: zinariya, da azurfa, platinum, palladium. Bugu da kari, a nan nuna sulfur, ƙarfe selenium, sulfuric acid da kuma kama. D. Na musamman sha'awa shi ne gaskiya cewa, a Norilsk samar game da 96% nickel, samar a Rasha. Saboda haka, zamu iya cewa da birni ne mai babbar m da maroki na wani iri-iri na kayan, ba kawai a cikin Krasnoyarsk yankin, amma kuma a ko'ina cikin kasar. A cewar wasu kimomi, da samun kudin shiga na Krasnoyarsk Territory da kusan 60% na kudaden shiga kunshi cewa tsiraru da tabbatar da Norilsk. Rasha ya hada da mutane da yawa irin yankuna, amma wannan birni yana dauke da most masana'antu cibiyar na da irin wannan.

sadarwa a

Ya kamata mu ma magana game da al'amurran da suka shafi kamar sadarwa. Norilsk wayoyin kunshi 6 lambobi. Salula sadarwa zo nan quite marigayi idan aka kwatanta da sauran Rasha birane. Wannan ya faru a marigayi 2001. Yanzu an yi aiki domin 4 mobile sadarwarka. Na musamman sha'awa shi ne gaskiya cewa Norilsk ba a haɗa tare da sauran birane na USB sadarwa tashoshi. Connection to su ne da za'ayi ta hanyar tauraron dan adam sadarwa tashoshi.

Kana bukatar ka sani kuma muhimmanci lambobin waya na Norilsk, inda ya tafi a hali na gaggawa:

1. Wuta kariya - (101) 01.
2. 'Yan sanda - (102) 02.
3. Motar asibiti - (103) 03.
4. Taimaka Norilsk filin jirgin sama - 006.
5. FAQ game da yanayin - 007.
6. The wajibi na zirga-zirga da 'yan sanda - 43-54-59, 43-54-58.
7. The wajibi na sashen ministan cikin gidan kasar - 47-24-01.

kai

Tabbata a tattauna da kai bangaren na birnin. An sani cewa iska links tare da sauran ƙauyuka za'ayi a matsayin kusa da birnin aiki filin jirgin sama. Norilsk yana 1 iska tashar jiragen ruwa da ake kira Alykel. An located 52 kilomita daga birnin.

A birni ne ma da nasaba da kai cibiyar sadarwa da Dudinka. Movement tsakanin su ne da za'ayi via bas. A lokacin rani da shi ne kuma zai yiwu a yi tafiya a kusa da kogin hanyoyi ta hanyar Dudinka zuwa Krasnoyarsk. A cikin hunturu, shi aiki kai links to da Mala'iku ma ta kayyade wuri. Duk da haka, mafi sauki hanyar isa birnin filin jirgin sama. Norilsk aka dauke su quite wuya a kai cikin birnin.

A kai cibiyar sadarwa a birnin yana da kyau-raya - for Norilsk za ka iya kewaya ta amfani da motocin da taksin.

muhalli da yanayi

Ba asiri da cewa saboda manyan yawan cutarwa shuke-shuke a dauke rincabewa yanayi. Daban-daban nazarin da aka gudanar, wanda ya nuna cewa Norilsk ne a shiri tare da mafi najasa yanayi a Rasha. A nan, wani jam'i na pollutants jefarwa a cikin iska, kamar chlorine, sulfuric acid, hydrogen fluoride, selenium dioxide da yawa wasu. A halin yanzu, akwai suna ci gaba da tattara ilimin kididdiga data on daban-daban iri gurbatawa, kazalika da bincike. Nature a kusa da birnin da aka mugun lalace, da yawa muhalli ce cewa yankin ne sosai babban barazana daga muhalli bala'i.