Nikolaus Harnoncourt - shugaba, cellist da musicologist Falsafa. Biography, siffofi m da kuma ban sha'awa facts

A cikin farkon zamanin spring 2016, ya shige daga cikin mafi girma da Austria cellist, musicologist da shugaba Nikolaus Harnoncourt. Tana hada kai da babbar orchestras a Turai, ya samu lokacin da za a yada kwarai mãsu da kuma koyar da duniya-sanannen Salzburg Mozarteum kide. Domin ya ayyuka Harnoncourt dauki a 2010 a karo na biyar wuri a cikin rating na fice conductors dukan lokaci, ya wallafa da mujallar BBC Music Magazine. Bugu da kari, da sunan mawaki har abada shiga Hall of Fame na Birtaniya gargajiya music mujallar Gramophone.

The iyali na gaba shugaba

Nikolaus Harnoncourt (Nikolaus Harnoncourt) - shugaba, wanda sunansa ya zama wani labari a lokacin da yake rayuwa. Ya bayyana ga haske a Berlin a 1929 zuwa iyali cewa mallakar wani daraja aristocratic iyali. Daga haihuwa, da mawaki sa title na Count, ya full name ya Johann Nikolaus de La Fonteyn d'Arnonkur-Unfertsagt. Uwarsa, Countess Ladislaya von Meran, ya jikar Archduke Johann na Austria, wanda aka haifa a sarkin Leopold II aure da kuma Marii Luizy na Spain.

Uba Nikolaus kira Eberhard de La Fonteyn d'Arnonkur-Unfertsagtom. Ya sa title na Count da kuma wani 'yan qasar na zamanin d Luxembourg Lorraine irin. Magabatan ya uba kaka Julia Mittrovskoy zauna a Jamhuriyar Czech. Tun suna yara, Eberhard so ya zama mawaki, sai dai nufin rabo da aka tilasta don samun koleji. Bayan samun digiri, ya koma daga Vienna zuwa Berlin da kuma samu aiki a matsayin wani yakin m. A nan sai ya yi aure Countess von Meran, wanda daga baya ta haifa masa 'ya'ya biyar. Baya ga wadannan, a Eberhard da biyu da zũriyarta daga farko aure.

Passion don wasa da cello

A lokacin da a 1933 to ikon a Jamus, Hitler ya zo, da iyali Harnoncourt a ƙarfinsa ya koma Graz, inda akwai wani iyali Estate Ladislav. Jim kadan bayan da Anschluss na Austria, a 1939, da dũkiyõyinsu da aka nationalized, da kuma duk gata da cewa sun dade dadin aristocrats zaba. Duk da wuya sau, da 'ya'yansu da kuma Eberhard Ladislaya to girma cikin soyayya da kuma kula. Dukkan su sun sanar da wasa kida, amma daga baya ya zama wani mawaki kawai Nikolaus Harnoncourt. Cello shugaba kaunace tun suna yara, kuma ba ya so ya raba da shi a karkashin wani yanayi. Daya daga 'yan'uwansa, da Filibus, ya zaɓi music addininsu kuma suka kasance wani Katolika theologian, da kuma na biyu, Faransa, ya na da wani fitaccen aiki a matsayin lauya.

Shiri na ilimi, aiki Philharnonic

Bayan da yaki, Nikolaus shiga Vienna Conservatory, inda ya kammala a 1952. A cikin dalibi kwanaki nan gaba shugaba sanã'anta wasa da cello a cikin ƙungiyar makaɗa na Vienna Jihar Opera. Bayan kammala karatu daga Conservatory 23-shekara mawaki lura shugaban na Moscow Philharnonic Orchestra, Herbert von Karajan da kaina gayyace ni zuwa aiki. Yana iya a kira wani real nasara, saboda ya zama cellist a Vienna Philharnonic shi ne musamman wuya. Arnonkur Nikolaus daga baya ya tuna cewa ya sa a cikin ƙungiyar makaɗa da'awar mutane 40, amma Karajan son ya demeanor, kuma ya fitar da gasar.

Aikin a cikin Vienna Philharnonic Orchestra kawo Harnoncourt m albashi, yawon shakatawa wasanni a duniya, yau da kullum da hannu a cikin babbar Salzburg Festival, girmama juna da kuma girmamawa. Duk da haka, kiran wannan lokaci a cikin rãyuwar Nikolaus ba zai iya zama gaba daya saukin ganewa. Karajan, wanda kaina gayyaci talented cellist wa ƙungiyar makaɗa, an nan da sannu dauke hammaya da kuma fara gudanar dangane da shi da manufofin da kuntatawa da azabtarwa. Yana ƙare kawai a 1969, a lokacin da 40-shekara Harnoncourt yi murabus daga ƙungiyar makaɗa da kuma fara kafa shugaba aiki.

Aure, da ciwon yara

A 1953, da Austria shugaba Nikolaus Harnoncourt, wanda aikin da aka rufe a wannan ɗaba'ar, aure kada violin Alice Hoffelner, suka yi karatu tare da shi a cikin kide. A 1954 da biyu da 'yar, Elizabeth, wanda daga baya ya zama wani shahararren wasan kwaikwayo singer. Da zarar aure, ta dauki mijinta surname von Magnus. Bayan ta 'yar da aka haife shi a Harnoncourt 3' ya'ya maza. Sun iyali zauna a wani babban gidan located in Austria Alps.

Samar da naka gungu

By shekaru 25 a Nikolausa Arnonkura wani babbar aiki, a duqufar da matarsa, mai kyau gidan. Zai ze cewa za ka iya shakata da more rayuwa. Duk da haka, da cellist aka ba zai tsaya a can. A 1953 ya samun Viola de gumbo - wani tsoho kirtani kayan aiki Baroque, reminiscent na wani cello. Bayan koya yi wasa da shi, Nikolaus sayayya wasu karin tsoho kida, bayan wanda, tare da matarsa da kuma 'yan abokai kafa gungu Concentus Musicus Wien. Halitta da wata tawagar musamman a kwarai yi na gargajiya ayyukan XVI-XVIII ƙarni. A da duniya ta farko gungu, wanda repertoire kunshi na m al'adunmu na Baroque lokaci. Ya rehearsals domin shekaru 20 ya faru a cikin falo a gida Harnoncourt. Domin mafi daidai haifa da sauti na haihuwa music, band mambobin ya ciyar mai yawa lokaci binciko babbar adadin scores.

Parish shahararsa

Nikolaus Harnoncourt ya ba m, a cikin nasarar da aikin, don haka hada maimaitawa da aikin na Vienna Philharnonic Orchestra. Duk da haka, wa mamaki, kerawa Concentus Musicus Wien ya zama mashahuri a cikin art masoya, masu kida ya fara wani lokaci na aiki da zanga-zanga da kuma yawon shakatawa. Da yake a kan kalaman na nasara, band ƙarasa tare da shahararrun Jamus kamfanin Telefunken garabasa kwangila da kuma a cikin shekaru 15, daruruwan records na m ayyukan Baroque lokaci. Ga kuma Suites Purcell da Bach sonatas, operas da haihuwa Rameau da Monteverdi.

Fara shugaba ta aiki

Aikin a cikin gungu fara kai a Harnoncourt haka dogon cewa ba ya iya hada shi da wasanni a cikin ƙungiyar makaɗa. Fuel ga wuta zuba akai rikice-rikice da Karajan. Tun da marigayi '60s mawaki akai-akai aikin da ya gungu a matsayin shugaba kuma ba su gani batu ya zama wani talakawa cello. Bayan barin tawagar Karajan, ya fara gudanar ba kawai da Concentus Musicus Wien. A shekarar 1970, Harnoncourt brilliantly da shugabantar da ƙungiyar makaɗa a opera "The Return of Ulysses zuwa mahaifarsa" a almara Teatro alla Scala. Bayan wannan gabatarwa, art masoya, shi ya bayyana cewa m sararin sama lit wani sabon star da kuma sunan da shi - Arnonkur Nikolaus.

Creative aiki Harnoncourt a adulthood

Shugaba for biyu shekarun da suka gabata yi aiki kafada da kafada da na Dutch harpsichordist Gustav Leonhardt. A sakamakon wannan hadin gwiwa, da mawaƙa sun iya rikodin cikakken sake zagayowar na Bach ta cantatas, wanda ya hada da fiye da 200 ayyukansu. A marigayi 80-ies na Austria shugaba Arnonkur Nikolaus jagoranci ƙungiyar makaɗa a cikin mafi kyau opera gidaje a duniya. A kawai 4 shekaru (1987 zuwa 1991) ya ya iya rubuta duk ayyukan da Beethoven, Schubert da Mozart, to sa a Vienna wasan kwaikwayo da dama operas. A mawaki ya yi aiki tare da Philharnonic orchestras na Berlin, Vienna da Amsterdam, ya yi tare da wannan talented pianists kamar Lang Lang da Friedrich Gulda. A m shekaru, da sharhin ya kumbura Harnoncourt. By karshen rayuwarsa, ya gudanar ya sa kusan duk ayyukan da ya taso, ya nuna sha'awarsa. A shugaba ya yi tare da qagaggun waqoqi da Haydn, Vivaldi, Handel, Schumann, Mendelssohn, Offenbach, Wagner, Dvorak, Brahms da sauran litattafansu. Bugu da kari ya kade-kade, ya samu lokaci domin ku koyar a Mozarteum Conservatory, girmamawa likita daga abin da yake daga 2008

Nikolaus Harnoncourt: albums, wallafe da kuma lambobin yabo

Get saba da aikin Harnoncourt yau iya zama saboda ya album. Adadin su ne wuya ba a jere. Da yawa daga cikin album aka saki tare da gungu Concentus Musicus Wien, da undisputed shugaban na wanda ya lokaci mai tsawo shugaba.

Harnoncourt marubucin ya kamãta da yawa musicological articles da aka buga a da yawa babbar music wallafe. Karanta labarin da shahararren madugun iya zama a cikin littafin "My Sahaban na Bach, Mozart, Monteverdi," da aka buga a Rasha a shekarar 2005.

Domin fice nasarori a cikin art na Nikolaus Harnoncourt akai-akai bayar da babbar kyaututtuka. A 1997, domin gabatarwa na gargajiya music shugaba Robert Schumann Prize aka bayar. A m aiki Harnoncourt lura da lambar yabo "Grammy" da kuma "Kyoto", kazalika da Leipzig Bach samu lambar.

Kula da al'adu da mutuwa

Harnoncourt nazari gudanar da wani cikakke tsufa. A 85 shekaru, ya zauna aiki, cike da makamashi da kuma wahayi. Excellent jiki yanayin yarda da shi yin tsayayya da m concert jadawalin da hankali a kan wani ɓangare na 'yan jarida da kuma art masoya. Harnoncourt ba ya shirin yin ritaya, ya yi yawa da tsare-tsaren da nan gaba. Amma shekaru kwashi, kuma Disamba 15, 2015 shugaba sanya wani jami'in bayani a kan kammala aiki. Dalilin irin wannan m yanke shawara domin da yawa ya tabarbarewar kiwon lafiya a sakamakon tsananin rashin lafiya.

Harnoncourt mutu Maris 5, 2016 a Austria garin St. Georgen im Attergau. A karshe lokacin rayuwarsa tare da shi shi ne matarsa, da yara da jikoki. Great shugaba da kuma mawaki, ya rayu shekaru 86. Harnoncourt ta shahararsa ya mai girma haka a duniya, cewa da ya mutu ya ruwaito ta hanyar duk manyan tashoshin talabijin, rediyo da kuma jaridu na duniya. A zuciya na wani fitaccen shugaba tsaya duka, amma 'music zai kasance har abada a cikin rikodin, kunna bãyansu, ya ji dãɗi, da kyau na gargajiya music a kwarai yi.