Nau'in Tarayyar Soviet dukiya a fagen ayyukan gona, da ko Me ya bambanta da gona daga farm

A gurguzu tsarin rushe. Yau, a duk duniyoyin na masu zaman kansu dukiya. Collective da kuma jihar tsarin na noma ya tafi a tarihi. Tana kan shekaru 15 tun wannan lokacin. Modern mutane suka yi ba ya rayu a cikin Tarayyar Soviet, bai fahimci bambanci tsakanin wata gona daga na gama gona, abin da yake da bambanci. Za mu yi kokarin amsa wannan tambaya.

A gona ya daban-daban daga cikin gona? Iyakar abin da bambanci ne a cikin suna?

Amma bambance-bambance, daga doka ra'ayi da bambancin ne babbar. Idan muka yi magana da wani zamani doka terminology - shi ne mai gaba daya daban-daban kungiya da kuma shari'a siffofin. Aƙalla haka, abin da yake a yanzu bambanci tsakanin doka siffofin kamfanin (iyakance alhaki kamfanin) da kuma MUP (Municipal Unitary ciniki).

Jihar Farm (Soviet tattalin arzikin) - shi ne mai jama'a kafa, duk abin da da wajen samar da mallakar shi. Shugaban nada da na gida kwamitin zartarwa. Duk ma'aikata ne ma'aikatan gwamnati, sami wasu ijara a karkashin kwangila da kuma daukarsa a matsayin jama'a kansu ma'aikata.

Kolkhoz (gama farm) - shi ne mai zaman kansa sha'anin, ko da yake yana iya sauti paradoxical a kasar inda babu masu zaman kansu dukiya. Ya aka kafa a matsayin hadin gwiwa gidan da yawa na gida manoma. Future manoma ba ya so ya, ba shakka, to daina dũkiyõyinsu jama'a amfani. Game da son rai jam'iyya ba tafiya da magana, fãce ga waɗanda manoma da suke ba su da wani abu. Su, a akasin haka, shi ne farin cikin shiga na gama gonaki, tun da shi ne kadai hanyar fita don su a lokacin. gama farm darektan nominally nada da babban taron, a gaskiya, kamar gona, gundumar kwamitin zartarwa.

ko real bambance-bambance sun?

Idan ka tambaye wani ma'aikacin rai a wani lokaci da ya bambanta da na gona da gona, amsar a fili yake: babu abin. A duban farko yana da wuya a saba. Kuma na gama gonaki da kuma jihar gonaki don sayar da kayayyakin gona kawai daya mai saye - jihar. Ko kuma wajen, ƙa'ida gona kawai ba shi dukan da kayayyakin, da kuma a cikin gama kai da farm suka sayo.

Ya yiwu don sayar da kayayyakin zuwa jihar? Ya zama a sarari cewa ba. Jihar ware da yawa daga m samuwa da kuma farashin kaya. Bayan da sayarwa, wanda wani lokacin juya a cikin wani free canji, na gama gonaki ne kusan kome ba bar.

Jihar Farm - kasafin kudin Enterprises

Canzawa a halin da ake ciki. Tunanin cewa a yau a jihar sake halitta duka biyu tattalin arziki da kuma shari'a siffofin. Jihar Farm - jihar sha'anin, duk ma'aikata - jama'a kansu ma'aikata da hukuma albashi. Na gama gona - mai zaman kansa jam'iyya da dama kera. Abin da ke bambanta gona daga gona? Legal dukiya. Amma akwai wasu nuances:

1. Jihar domin sanin yadda mutane da yawa za su saya da samfurin. Bugu da kari an haramta sayar wa wani.
2. Cost ne ma ƙaddara da jihar, wato, shi zai iya saya kayayyakin a kasa kudin a wata asara da na gama gonaki.
3. Gwamnati bata biya albashi, gama manoman damu game da alheri, kamar yadda su ne masu.

Mun tambayi tambaya: "Wane ne zai zahiri zama sauki su zauna a cikin irin wannan yanayi?" A ra'ayinmu, da farm ma'aikata. A kalla, suna iyakance ta arbitrariness na jihar a matsayin cikakken aiki ga shi. Hakika, a wata kasuwa na dukiya da kuma tattalin arziki kima manoman zahiri zama zamani manoma - wadanda "kulaks", wanda a lokaci daya shafe ta, forming su tattalin arziki lalata sabon gurguzu Enterprises. Saboda haka, tambaya "abin bambanta gona daga farm" (ko kuma wajen, daban-daban a baya) amsar ne cewa m ikon mallakar da kuma samuwar kafofin. More cikakken bayani game da wannan zai gaya on.

Kamar yadda kafa na gama da kuma jihar gonaki

Don fi gane bambanci tsakanin na gama gona daga gona, kana bukatar ka gane yadda suka samu.

A farko gonaki da aka kafa saboda:

• Manyan tsohon gidan haya 'kadarori. Hakika, serfdom da aka soke, amma manyan sikelin-Enterprises - da gadon baya, ya yi aiki mechanically.
• A kudi na tsohon kulaks da kuma tsakiyar manoma.
• Na manyan gonaki, wanda aka kafa bayan da dispossession.

Hakika, da aiwatar da dispossession faru kafin collectivization, amma sai aka sa'an nan halitta na farko ƙungiya. Mafi yawansu, ba shakka, ya tafi fatara. Shi ne m: a cikin wuri na tukuru-aiki da kuma himma "kulaks" da kuma tsakiyar manoma dauka ma'aikata daga matalauta, wanda ba ya so kuma bai sani ba yadda za a yi aiki. Amma daga wadanda har yanzu suka zauna ga collectivization tsari, kafa jiha ta farko da gonaki.

Baya ga wadannan, akwai manyan gonaki a lokacin collectivization. Wasu mu'ujiza tsira da aiwatar da dispossession, wasu sun riga ci gaba bayan wadannan masifu a cikin tarihi. Kuma suka yi fadi a karkashin sabon tsari - da collectivization, watau, da ainihin expropriation na dukiya.

Na gama gonaki da aka kafa saboda da "daidaituwa" na mutane da yawa kananan zaman kansa gonaki a cikin daya manyan. Wannan ne nominally da dukiya ba a soke ta. Duk da haka, da ainihin mutane zama batun da jihar daga dũkiyõyinsu. Yana iya ƙarasa da cewa kusan kwaminisanci tsarin koma zuwa serfdom a wani da ɗan modified form.

"Collective" a yau

Saboda haka, mun amsa tambaya na abin da ya bambanta da gona daga gona. Tun shekarar 1991, duk wadannan siffofin da aka shafe ta. Amma kada ka yi zaton su ne ba a zahiri. Mutane da yawa manoma sun soma zuwa gama cikin guda tattalin arzikin. Kuma wannan shi ne guda gona. Kawai, sabanin da gurguzu magabata, irin gonaki suna kafa a kan wani son rai-akai. Kuma sũ, ba su zamar masa dole ya sayar da jihar duk da kayayyakin a low farashin. Amma a yau, a maimakon haka, shi ne wani matsala - da gwamnatin ba ya tsoma baki a cikin rãyukansu, kuma ba tare da wani real taimako daga gare shi a tsawon shekaru, da yawa kamfanonin ba zai iya fita daga cikin basussuka a bashi wajibai.

Mun shakka bukatar samun wani tsakiyar ƙasa inda jihar za ta taimaka wa manoma, amma ba su jawo musu. Kuma a sa'an nan da abinci crises da muke fuskanta so ba, da farashin a kan Product Sheet Stores ne m.