Nau'in kiba. Haddasawa, cututtuka da bincike da kuma lura da kiba

Daya daga cikin matsalolin al'umma a karni ya zama obese. Cutar da ake "a jawo ra'ayinsu" sabon mabiya a duniya. Wannan shi ne saboda matalauta rage cin abinci, sedentary salon, wani gagarumin yawan kullum endocrine pathologies da kuma wasu dalilai. Zahiri kiba yana nufin cewa nauyi ne ba ya karu saboda tsoka matsawa, amma a kudi na mai adibas a sassa daban-daban na jiki. A hatsarori da kiba? Ku dubi mutanen da suke kiba wani likita zai kira wani dozin dalilai, da kuma a cikin na farko wuri zai zama cututtukan zuciya, jini, gidajen abinci da kuma kasusuwa, a take hakkin ruwa-gishiri metabolism. Bugu da kari, cutar da wuya a rayuwar zamantakewa, kamar yadda a yau jama'a da aka mamaye da yayi a wasanni da kuma lafiya salon.

etiology

A cuta ne "kiba" za a iya ci gaba don wasu dalilai mabambanta. A mafi bayyananne ne rashin motsa jiki, to, akwai mismatch tsakanin samun adadin kuzari da kuma sharar gida makamashi. Na biyu na kowa hanyar da wuce haddi nauyi ne a take hakkin da gastrointestinal fili. Wannan zai iya zama hasara na pancreatic enzymes, da rage daga cikin hanta, da matsaloli tare da narkewa abinci. Bugu da kari, hadarin kiba iya zama determinate a kayyade matakin.

Akwai dalilai da taimako zuwa nauyi riba, wadannan sun hada da:
- da amfani da sugary yanã shã ko rage cin abinci dauke da wani yawa na sukari.
- endocrine cututtuka irin hypogonadism, hypothyroidism, pancreas ƙari.
- m cuta (cin cuta).
- m danniya da kuma rashin barci.
- hormonal ko psychotropic kwayoyi.

Juyin Halitta daga cikin mafi tsawo a cikin 2 shekaru miliyan Ya azurta ginshikai na jari na gina jiki a yanayin da ka ba zato ba tsammani gudu da karancin abinci. Kuma idan cewa gaskiya ne ga tsoho mutane, na zamani mutum ba ya bukatar irin wannan "ɗakunan ajiya". Duk da haka, da jikin mu da aka tsara a cikin irin wannan hanya da cewa shi reacts stereotypically kamar yadda tabbatacce kuma korau tasiri daga waje. Saboda haka, matsalar kiba a halin yanzu ya tsaya sai gunaguni ƙwarai.

pathogenesis

Regulation na ajiya da kuma shirin yaqi daffo kitsen da aka Madĩna da wani hadadden hulda tsakanin juyayi tsarin da endocrine gland. Babban dalilin da jari na babban adadin lipids ne mismatch na cerebral bawo da hypothalamus. Shi ne, akwai cewa shi ne cibiyar da ci tsari. Jiki na bukatar karin abinci fiye da kuzari, don haka duk wuce haddi da aka bar "a ajiye", wadda take kaiwa zuwa nauyi riba da kuma abin da ya faru na wuce haddi adipose nama.

Irin wannan talakawa daidaituwa cibiyar iya zama wani nakasar da yanayin da ya samu ta hanyar ilimi. Bugu da ƙari kuma, irin matsaloli wani lokacin haifar daga rauni, da ciwon kumburi, na kullum endocrine Pathology.

Lokacin da pituitary gland shine yake, adrenal bawo da kuma - pancreatic Kwayoyin fara nuna wani pathological aiki da kuma adadin na ci gaba hormone rage-rage sharply, kusan duk na kitse da kuma glucose, wanda shiga jiki, ana ajiye a kyallen takarda da kuma gabobin. Wannan take kaiwa zuwa morphological cuta na hanta, koda, thyroid.

Nau'in BMI

Nau'in kiba ne mafi kyau don fara da daya da cewa da aka sani zuwa ga jama'a. Matsayin mai mulkin, da farko ganewar asali da wannan cuta ne da za'ayi akan irin wannan Manuniya kamar yadda jiki taro index (BMI). Wannan quotient darajar samu bayan rarraba nauyi a kilo da tsawo a mita Squared. Akwai da wadannan gradation na kiba a kan wannan nuna alama:

1. taro gaira - idan BMI ne kasa fi ko daidai to 18,5.
2. Al'ada jiki nauyi - jiki taro index kasance a cikin kewayon 18,5 zuwa 25.
3. Pre-obese - a BMI jere daga 25 zuwa 30 da maki. A wannan lokaci, shi kara hadarin co-morbidities kamar hauhawar jini, bedsores da kyallen da garaje.
4. Kiba da aka sa a 1 mataki a lokacin da BMI ne 30 zuwa 35.
5. Kiba sa 2 - da index ne kusa da 40 da maki.
6. Kiba sa 3 ne suka kamu da lokacin da jiki taro index mafi girma daga 40 maki, yayin da wani mutum yana comorbidities.

Etiopatogenetichesky rarrabuwa

Wadannan rarrabuwa na kiba ne daya daga cikin mafi cikakken a cikin wannan yanki, tun yana daukan la'akari da haddasawa da kuma sunadaren da cutar ci gaba. A cewar wannan ya zama ruwan dare firamare da sakandare kiba. Kowane daga cikinsu yana da nasa subclasses.

Saboda haka, na farko kiba ne zuwa kashi:
- gluteal-femoral.
- ciki.
- saboda cin cuta.
- danniya.
- jawo da rayuwa ciwo.

A sakandare, symptomatic kiba iya samu hudu subtypes:

1. Hereditary m gene.
2. Kwakwalwar tsokani marurai, cututtuka ko autoimmune kwakwalwa lalacewa.
3. Endocrine lalacewa ta hanyar tabarbarewa na thyroid gland shine yake da tsari na hypothalamic-pituitary tsarin, da adrenal gland da kuma gonads.
4. Magani hade tare da shan steroids, hormonal hana kuma cytostatics.

Clinico-pathogenetic rarrabuwa

Idan muka dauki sunadaran da kai zuwa fitowan da wuce haddi nauyi, yana yiwuwa ya yi irin wannan rarrabuwa na kiba:

- alimentary da kuma kundin tsarin mulkin. Weight riba ake dangantawa da wani wuce haddi na kitse a rage cin abinci da kuma masu zama a gida. Yana bayyana kanta, yawanci a cikin shimfiɗar jariri, da zai iya sadarwa tare da wani hereditary predisposition.
- Hypothalamic. A karuwa a adipose nama ne saboda hypothalamic lalacewa kuma, kamar yadda wani sakamako, wani take hakkin ya neuroendocrine aiki.
- endocrine. A zuciya na fatness ne Pathology na endocrine gland - da pituitary, thyroid, adrenal gland.
- Iatrogenic. Kiba ne ya sa ta likita shiga tsakani. Wannan na iya zama magani, sashin jiki ko sãshen kau da rauni daga cikin tsarin endocrine a hanya na lura da yawa.

Rarrabuwa ta sarrafawa daga adipose nama

Bayan jarrabawa da marasa lafiya da kiba da aka lura da cewa ba dukkan shi ne rarraba su daidai. Saboda haka, a kan lokaci, an bred kiba rarrabuwa dangane da halayyar wuri na jiki mai.

Nau'i na farko, kuma aka sani da babba, aka android, halin a cewa yawanci qara babba rabin na jiki, fuska, wuyansa da hannuwanku. Yana faruwa akai akai a maza, amma kuma za a iya gani a matan da suka shiga menopause. A yawan marubuta bayar da hujjar cewa akwai wata mahada tsakanin irin wannan kiba da kuma hadarin tasowa ciwon sukari, kazalika da cututtuka na zuciya da jijiyoyin jini tsarin.

Nau'i na biyu, kasa ko gynoid ne mai tarin m nama a kan cinyoyinsa da gindi, da kuma shi ne mafi kowa a cikin kyakkyawan rabin na dan Adam. A adadi na mata daukan nau'i na "pear". Har ila yau, zai iya ci gaba a cikin shimfiɗar jariri, idan aggravated warwarewarsu al'ada rage cin abinci. Comorbidities a cikin wannan hali zai zama Pathology na kashin baya, gidajen abinci da kuma ƙananan extremities jijiyoyin bugun gini cibiyar sadarwa.

The uku irin - gauraye ko tsaka-tsaki kiba. A wannan yanayin, da nauyi fiye ko žasa ko'ina rarraba ta hanyar jiki da smoothing line kugu, wuyansa, gindi.

Domin a tantance abin da yake da irin kiba kira da haƙuri, shi wajibi ne domin sanin da rabo daga cikin karkara na kugu da kuma kwatangwalo. Idan mata wannan adadi mafi girma daga 0,85, da kuma maza ya fi daya, ana iya bayar da hujjar cewa wani mutum na farko version na rarraba adipose nama.

morphological rarrabuwa

Duk da yake kiba canje-canje shafi duk matakan da kungiyar na rayuwa, ba kawai jiki a matsayin dukan, amma kuma mutum gabobin, tsokoki da kuma ko da ya Kwayoyin. Adipocytes (mai Kwayoyin), za a iya sha wani ingantaccen ko gwada yawa canji. Dangane da wannan release:

1. Hypertrophic kiba. An halin wani mahaukaci karuwa a cikin size of kitsen Kwayoyin, yayin da adadin su kasance iri guda.
2. Hyperplastic kiba, a cikin abin da adipocytes an rayayye rarraba. Wannan nau'i na faruwa a yara da aka bi da sosai mugun, don haka yadda za a rage yawan Kwayoyin iya zama musamman m hanyoyi.
3. Mixed kiba kamar yadda ma'ana ya ɗauka a cakuda da biyu da suka gabata wadanda. Wato, da Kwayoyin suna ba kawai kara, amma su suna samun mafi.

A rarrabuwa na kiba a yara

Bisa kididdigar da, a Rasha akwai game da 12% na yara wahala daga kiba. Daga cikin wadannan, 8.5% na birane mazauna da kuma 3.5% - karkara. Kiba a yara da kuma matasa ya zama haka m pathologies cewa pediatricians sun yanke shawarar gabatar da wani musamman sashen a yi aikin koyarwa da matasa iyaye a kan rage cin abinci. Kiba aka dauke su a jihar inda yarinyar ta nauyi ya wuce 15% na saboda tsufa. Idan dangantaka da BMI, da darajar zai zama kusa da 30 da maki.

Rarrabe biyu siffofin kiba tsakanin yara: firamare da kuma sakandare. Primary sa, kamar yadda mai mulkin, tamowa, farkon tafarkin ko ƙi daga nono madara ga saniya. Amma shi kuma iya zama hereditary, idan wani iyali ne mamaye mutanen da suke da kiba. Amma har a cikin wannan harka, da yaro da aka haifa ba tare da wani lokacin farin ciki, shi kawai ragae saukar da metabolism, kuma da ta dace abinci da kuma motsa jiki, da shi za su ci gaba da nauyi a cikin al'ada iyaka. M for farko kiba ne na farko da shekara uku na rayuwa da kuma balaga.

Secondary kiba ake dangantawa da gaban samu endocrine cuta. A sharudda da wanda ƙaddara mataki na sa wuce haddi nauyi ne har yanzu debatable. Wadannan sikelin da aka samarwa:
- 1 digiri - nauyi mafi girma daga 15-25% na annabta.
- 2nd mataki - daga 25 zuwa 49% nauyi asara.
- 3 digiri - da taro shi ne mafi girma a kan 50-99%.
- Grade 4 - kiba a biyu ko fiye da sau mafi girma daga shekaru iyaka.

cututtuka

Alamun kiba ne m kama da juna, da kawai bambanci a cikin uniformity na rarraba wuce haddi fiber, da kuma a gaban rakiyar pathologies ko su rashi.

Mafi sau da yawa yakan faru a cikin marasa lafiya alimentary kiba, da ake dangantawa da take hakkin da wata al'ada rage cin abinci. Matsayin mai mulkin, irin wadannan mutane da kayyade predisposition zuwa nauyi riba, kuma wuce kima amfani da abinci take kaiwa zuwa nauyi riba. Alamun faruwa a duk 'yan uwa, kamar yadda suka tare dauki abinci. Bugu da kari, irin wannan kiba yiwuwa tsofaffi matan da suka kai a sedentary salon saboda su matalauta kiwon lafiya.

Kiba 1 digiri lura a cikin mafi yawan mutane suka kai a kai wuce, musamman da yamma. Wannan ya faru saboda for karin kumallo da abincin rana ba su da lokaci da so. Yunwa mutane a abincin dare cinye kullum da adadin kuzari da kuma je barci.

Hypothalamic kiba ne halin ba kawai nauyi riba, amma kuma a gaban bayyanar cututtuka da cuta daga cikin juyayi tsarin da endocrine tsari. Kiba da aka girma cikin sauri da kuma mafi yawa ana ba a hade tare da wani canji a rage cin abinci. Fat bayyana yawanci a kan gaban farfajiya na ciki, cinyoyinsa da gindi. Na iya haifar da trophic canje-canje: bushe fata, mikewa da alãmarsu, gashi hasara. Wadannan marasa lafiya koka da rashin barci, ciwon kai da kuma dizziness. Neurologist iya yawanci gane munanan cikin filin.

bincikowa da

Mutane da kiba da wani musamman da rage yawan zargi don ya yanayin, don haka a lallashe ko tilasta musu su je likita ko ga wani sauki shawara - ba sauki al'amarin. Yana da quite wani - marasa lafiya endocrinologist ko neurologist. Su kansu son a gwada ta kuma a rage nauyi ga wani speedy dawo.

Da aka fi amfani rarrabẽwa ga ganewar asali na kiba - a BMI na kiba. Wannan shi ne yadda ainihin nauyi a kan wani dã. Domin sanin da tsananin muhimmanci ba kawai don tabbatar da wanzuwar haddi nauyi, amma kuma da cewa shi ne ya aiwatar da a kudi na adipose nama, kuma ba da tsoka taro. Saboda haka, a cikin likita yi suna rayayye kokarin gabatar da hanyoyin da za a ƙayyade daidai kitsen taro maimakon total jiki nauyi.

Norma aka ƙaddara dangane da ilimin kididdiga data tattara ta likitoci na daban-daban fannoni a tsawon shekaru na yi. Ga kowane jima'i, shekaru, da kuma jiki dew akwai alluna riga lissafi da dabi'u da kuma halaye na Pathology. Masana kimiyya sun gano cewa centenarians nauyi 10% kasa da al'ada. Mugun jin kiba da aka cuta a gaban harka, a lokacin da 10% by nauyi ya wuce na sama da iyaka da halatta.

Akwai da dama dabarbari yin lissafi da manufa jiki nauyi. Daya daga cikin su san duk Ladies - daga girma a cikin bukatar daukan wani mutum ɗari santimita. A sakamakon yawan ne da ake so darajar. Amma yana da matukar matukar da unreliable binciken. More daidai ne BMI ko Quetelet index, wanda aka nuna a sama. Da aunawa da karkara na kugu da kuma kwatangwalo, ma, shi ne na bayar da muhimmanci a cikin hali na kiba, tun da wuri daga cikin kitsen dogara a kan hanyar, wanda aka sa ta nauyi riba.

magani

Da yaki da kiba tana kasancewa ne qeta da ko'ina. Yanzu kafofin watsa labarai suna rayayye ciyar da lafiya salon da sadaukarwa na da kyau, kira jiki. Hakika, don kawo halin da ake ciki a Wauta ba shi daraja, amma janar shugabanci na matasa motsi an fi son a kan dekadansnaya Yitonia.

A ka'idodi na lura da kiba sun hada da:
- a rage cin abinci mai arziki a cikin hadaddun carbohydrates da kuma fiber, bitamin, da kwayoyi da kuma ganye. Tabbata rage yin burodi, sweets da fizzy yanã shã.
- motsa jiki, wanda ya kamata karfafa jiki da kuma bugun sama metabolism.
- magunguna don rage nauyi da kuma ci.
- psychotherapy.
- m magani.

Don cimma dogon lokaci sakamakon wani irin magani, kana bukatar ka canza rage cin abinci da kuma mita na abinci. An yi imani da cewa rage cin abinci ne mara amfani a yaki da kiba, amma da suka taimaka wajen karfafa da cimma nauyi da kuma hana cutar take. The World Health Organization bada shawarar yin lissafi da caloric abun ciki na abinci da cewa haƙuri yana amfani da a al'ada mode, kuma sannu a hankali rage adadin kuzari. Wajibi ne a kai alamar 1500 - 1200 kcal, bayar da cewa mutum ba ya obalodi kanka jiki.

Psychotherapy ne da nufin karfafa iradar da kuma kamunkai dangane da abinci ci da kuma dogaro a kan azumi abinci da sugary soda. Magunguna a kan aiwatar da nauyi akan rage taimaka cimma kawai gajere sakamako. Bayan an daina kwaya, da mãsu haƙuri dawo da baya hanyarsa ta rayuwa, kuma ba ya cika da shawarwari samu a sallama. Duk da cewa a yanzu da Pharmaceutical masana'antu don bayar da manyan selection na jiyya ga kiba, kusan dukkan su haramta saboda illa.

Don m hanyoyin hada suturing ciki, m, a cikin sittin na karshe karni. Jigon da aiki shi ne cewa jiki ne zuwa kashi biyu unequal sassa, da kuma wani karami sutured da kananan hanji. Saboda haka, na ciki da ƙarfi an rage, da kuma kudi na nassi na abinci zama mafi girma. Zabi na biyu - na ciki da Ha]. A cardiac gefen saka zobe da cewa Narrows da lumen na esophagus da abinci da taba wani wucin gadi cikas, m jikewa cibiyar, da barin haƙuri ci kasa.

Abin da irin kiba ne mai hatsari? Zai yiwu duka. Babu wanda zai iya cewa ga riba da amfani ga mutane. Da tsananin matakin ya dogara da yadda ainihin nauyi ya wuce na kullum, da kuma wani comorbidities ya na da.