Mene ne TNT m? A samar da makamashi na nukiliya fashewa

Wannan labarin ya bayyana abin da wani TNT m, a lokacin da gwajin da aka farko da ya gabatar, suka auna, da kuma dalilin da ya sa ka bukatar irin wannan definition.

farko

The sosai farko m, wanda ya sadu da bil'adama shi ne gunpowder. Yana da aka kirkiro a kasar Sin a farkon mu zamanin, amma na dogon lokaci da aka yi amfani da kawai a matsayin filler domin wasan wuta da sauran nisha nuna. Shi ne kawai a tsakiyar zamanai, ya zama wani ɓangare na kusan dukan yaƙe-yaƙe.

Amma a farkon karni XX maye gurbin shi zo da wasu bama-bamai, fiye da iko, mai lafiya da kuma tasiri. Kuma daya daga cikinsu, wanda ake amfani da su a wannan rana, yana da trinitrotoluene ko TNT. Yana da aka haka yadu amfani da m abu da ya zama wani ma'auni na TNT m ga high-makamashi events, kamar fashewar wasu bama-bamai, sakamakon meteorite da dama da shakka, da makaman nukiliya ragargaza. Wannan ne yake aikata domin saukaka lissafi, akwai wani irin duniya aunawa naúrar. Amma da farko abubuwan da farko.

atomic zamanin

A farkon 50-ies karni na karshe, duniya da aka bai da wani sabon da girma a cikin ta ikon makamai, dangane da makamashi lalata na uranium kwayoyin halitta, kuma daga baya plutonium.

Saka shi kawai, da farko atomic bam yi aiki a kan wani fairly sauki "igwa" manufa. Yana nan ya zama dole a wannan hanya don auna su fashe kamar yadda TNT. Guda biyu na sosai wadãtar da uranium da aka sanya a cikin wani m "tube" daura da juna, da kuma a daidai lokacin haifar da sinadaran fashewar tsayar musu da girma da karfi, game da shi, to a fara up sarkar dauki na Lalacewar uranium kwayoyin halitta, tare da babban ikon fashewa. Alal misali, TNT m makamin nukiliya Hiroshima jeri daga 13 zuwa 18 kilotons. Amma yaya ya nufi?

darajar

Bisa ga na aikin tallafi na nadi, da TNT m ne zuwa kashi da wadannan dabi'u:

• G.
• Kg.
• Sautin.
• KT (dubban ton).
• Megaton (ton miliyan).

A mafi sauki sharuddan, kwatankwacin TNT - shi ke nawa ka bukatar ka sake maimaita irin wannan abu na fashewa ko mamaki - volcanic shigowa, da dai sauransu ...

Hiroshima da kuma Nagasaki

Agusta 6, 1945 shi ne na farko da kuma, an yi sa'a, na karshe ainihin yin amfani da makaman nukiliya a yaƙi. A nukiliya fashewa a Hiroshima zama mummunan bala'i ga mutãnensa, saboda, kamar wani makami na dangi, shi ba ya rarrabe tsakanin farar hula da kuma soja alƙarya. Fashewar kusan gaba daya hallaka birnin.

Ko da yake daga wani fasaha ra'ayi, da zane na bam ya da nisa daga m. A sakamakon duka aiki taro na uranium tsagawa shi bada kawai 1%. Zai yiwu shi ne wannan factor da damar don kauce wa ma fi girma jikkata.

A nukiliya fashewa a Hiroshima har yanzu, bayan da yawa shekarun da suka gabata, shi ne batun da a yi shawarwari game da larura kuma ko da wajaba a kansa, saboda ya kashe wani m yawan fararen hula, da kuma masu yawa fiye da hagu maimed ga rayuwa a sakamakon wani iko da haske, wanda ga lokacin cinna wuta a gine da kuma incinerates mutane .

Kwana uku daga baya a irin wannan ãƙibar ga mazauna Nagasaki.

Akwai kuskure ne cewa wadannan dawakai sa bom na yakin duniya na biyu da sojojin Amurka. Amma wannan ba shine al'amarin ba. Su ne kawai sun kawo sauri karshen m da na mallaka Japan Army, wanda aka fada a kan biyu fronts, da Amurka a cikin Pacific da kuma Tarayyar Soviet a cikin Far East.

Fashewa da TNT bama-bamai, sun gaji Hiroshima, jeri daga 13 zuwa 18 dubu ton na TNT (KT) da kuma Nagasaki - 21 kilotons.

atoms for Peace

Bugu da kari ga makaman nukiliya, "kauda matsalar" na rediyoaktif abu ba mutane fiye da kusan zama tushen samar da makamashi a cikin nau'i na reactors na daban-daban kayayyaki, jere daga babbar tururi turbines samar da wutar lantarki duka birane, kawo karshen m radioisotope, da ake kira RTGs, wanda a Soviet shekaru, ne yadu samar da bauta ga ikon lighthouses kuma Arctic bincike tashoshin. Abin lura shi ne cewa su zubar kawai yi wadannan shekaru, da kuma musamman su ba su tsaro. Yana samu ga zance da cewa enterprising yan unguwa yunkurin izinin RTGs ga ya da.

Abin farin, yakin makaman nukiliya, wanda ake haka tsoron a sau na adawa tsakanin Tarayyar Soviet da Amurka, ba ya faru. Kuma nukiliya arsenals ne wajen wani rigakafi, wanda ya hana a kasar da kuma juna halaka ko farkon wani sabon yakin duniya.

wasu abubuwa

Ikon TNT kuma ya shafi ba kawai koma zuwa gaba taccen nukiliya cajin. An auna daga meteor tasirin, fashewar, kuma fashewar volcanic sauran sinadaran da nakiyoyi. Wannan gwargwado nuna yadda wani abu karfi ko weaker fiye TNT. Ga misali, da foda damar 0,55-0,66, ammonal - 0.99 hexogen - TNT 1.3-1.6.