Sarrafawa Systems - muhimmai na sarrafawa ne ...

Kalmar "dabaru" a Girkanci logistike nufin kõme ba kuma fiye da ma'adanin na tattaunawa, da yin lissafi. Aiwatar da wannan ra'ayi ya fara a cikin 6th karni. Wannan ne evidenced da treatises kwatanta art na yaki a lokacin. Matsayin logistician wanzu a kotu na Byzantine sarki. Da aikinsu hada da kasafi na saya don tebur na abinci.

Akwai cikakken bayani kan aikace-aikace na da ka'idodinta dabaru Napoleon. Ya yi amfani da su domin shiryar da sojojinsa.

A Rasha, da kalmar "dabaru" ya bayyana ne kawai a farkon karni na 19th. Wannan ra'ayi aka gabatar da Faransa soja gwani Antuanom Zhomini.

Ainihin ma'anar da kalmar

Sarrafawa - wannan shi ne wani sashi na tattalin arziki kimiyya. A batu na shawara ne kungiyar na mafi m tsari, gabatarwa da kaya da kuma ayyuka da suka samo asali daga m ga mabukaci. Bugu da kari, dabaru - shi ne mai horo, da aikace-aikace na wanda wajibi ne ga m kaya management na kaya, kazalika da aiwatar da su gabatarwa da mai saye. Ya wadãtu da wannan kimiyya da halittar da ake bukata don ya tarye wadannan kalubale.

Daga cikin ra'ayi na gudanar da wani shiri sarrafawa - shi ne kome kamar da dabarun gudanarwa da duk kayan gudana daga sayan tsari, da kawo sayarwa da kuma ajiya na kaya, da fasahar da sauransu su yi la'akari da manufar rufe iko da bayanai da kuma kudi da albarkatun da sha'anin ...

A ra'ayi na dabaru tsarin

The Encyclopædia yiwu a sami wani definition na sa na abubuwa da cewa, yayin da a wasu sadarwa da juna form wani hadin kai. Yana da tsarin.

Shafi wannan ra'ayi kuma muna la'akari kimiyya. Bugu da ƙari, logistic tsarin - a wani ajali wanda shine tushe ga wannan horo. Dalilin da halitta ne don rage halin kaka, ko Ya hana su zuwa wani mataki a cikin tsari na isar da bayani, da sabis ko kayayyakin da ake so zangon da yawa zuwa wurin kayyade a cikin kwangila tare da mai saye.

key Properties

Sarrafawa Systems - shi ne tattalin arziki da abubuwa, wanda aka halin da karfinsu na abubuwa, ciki har da:

• jam'i na daban-daban raka'a da suke a sadarwar da juna;
• wasu links cewa shafi na game ingancin;
• systemically muhimmanci dalilai kafa da umarnin dangantaka.
• integrative halaye na dukan tsarin, amma ba na musamman zuwa da mutum raka'a.

Abubuwa na samar da tsarin sufuri

Bisa kasa da kasa yi, tattalin arziki unequivocally kammala da cewa, ka'idodin dabaru ne daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci akwati Lines ake bukata ga al'ada ci gaban da sha'anin. Manufar irin wannan ci gaban - kara yadda ya dace da kayan, aiki da kuma kudi da albarkatun, kazalika da gudanar da a matakai daban-daban.

Abubuwa dabaru tsarin ne sosai bambancin. Sun hada da:

• abu na nufin wajibi ne ga motsi na kaya (loading da Ana saukewa sunadaran, TC, warehouses).
• inventories.
• Sassan a kan dukkan abubuwa na da wadata da sarkar management.

A wasu kalmomin, ci gaba na kayan kwarara yi a lokacin aiki na gwani ma'aikata, wanda yana amfani da sana'a, da dama dabaru, da sauransu. D.

A ra'ayi na dabaru tsarin ba zai yiwu ba tare da mai jiwuwa da jitu aiki na da raka'a, wanda tare da yawan Properties, wato:

1. Mutunci da kuma chlenimostyu. Duk wani tsarin, ciki har da dabaru, dauke a matsayin sa na hulda abubuwa. A Macro matakin shi yana nufin da kamfanin da kuma motsi motocin tsakanin su. A mafi cikakken jarrabawa na dabaru tsarin - wani tarin irin subsystems kamar:

• sayen, cikinsa da aiwatar da ya auku a cikin logistic tsarin kwarara kayan rafi.
• shiryawa da kuma kara management na samar da matakai da kai samu hannun jari da kuma shiryar da su zuwa ga yin wani iri-iri fasaha gudanar, ta hanyar mayar da batun aiki a karshe samfurin.
• marketing abu wanda yake shi ne wani outflow da kayan gudana daga dabaru tsarin.

Duk da abubuwa ne daban-daban halaye, amma a lokaci guda jituwa da juna. Su overall yi da kuma tabbatar da aiki da dukan dabaru tsarin.

2. Communication. Su ne samuwa tsakanin dukkan dabaru kiran abubuwa na tsarin, ma'ana ta integrative quality. A Macro matakin a matsayin dangantakar bauta wa kwangila. A mikrologicheskih tsarin ne da dangantakar da samar.

3. Organization. Wannan dukiyar da dabaru tsarin ba shi da wani tsari.

4. integrative quality. Wannan dukiyar rinjayar da yadda ya dace da dabaru tsarin a matsayin dukan. Integrative halaye ne da ikon ya sadar da ake bukata kaya zuwa da mai saye a daidai wurin da lokaci tare da kadan kokarin. Bugu da kari, wannan yanayin ba ka damar daidaita da tsarin a taron na canje-canje a cikin muhalli da yanayi.

rarrabuwa

Mene ne iri daban-daban dabaru tsarin? Sun kasu kashi sufuri da kuma warehousing, masana'antu da kuma shari'a, ma'aikata, bayanai, da sauransu. D. All daga gare su rababbe zuwa biyu main kungiyoyin, wanda suna da Macro kuma micrologistical. Wadannan su ne main tafarkin tsarin. Bari mu bincika kowane daga cikinsu a cikin daki-daki.

macrologistical tsarin

Yana da wani babban sarkar links, wanda yake rufe da kungiyar masana'antu da cinikayya, da kai, located ko dai a kasashe daban-daban, ko kuma a wasu yankuna na jihar. Makrologicheskuyu kunshe a cikin tsarin da ke tsakiya da kamfanonin. Duk wadannan raka'a tare dokoki da tattalin arziki da kayayyakin more rayuwa na yankin, mutum ko jiha ko kungiyar kasashen.

Samar da wani Magance matakin makrologicheskoy tsarin ne quite tricky. Wajibi ne a shawo kan matsalolin da ake dangantawa da tattalin arziki da kuma shari'a halaye na daban-daban jihohi. Kamar yadda da yawa wasu matsaloli ci karo da irin wannan dabaru tsarin. Wannan unequal sharuddan ceto na kaya, da kuma da dama daga kai dokokin da sauran shinge.

Samar da macrologistical tsarin a matsayin wani ɓangare na kasa da kasa da shirye-shirye za bukatar da samuwar a majalisu matakin, da guda kasuwa da kuma tattalin arziki sarari cewa yana da wani ciki da kan iyakoki. A lokaci guda a lokacin sufuri na kaya, da aiki, babban birnin kasar da kuma bayanai, akwai kamata ba kwastan shinge.

Iri Macro dabaru tsarin da ake classified ta da wadannan siffofin:

• a kan administrative-yankin rabo daga cikin kasar.
• na kayadadden aiki.

A yammacin Turai da yi ne sau da yawa amfani da irin wannan abu a matsayin duniya macrologistical tsarin. Irin wannan na iya zama jiha (msl, translational) tsarin. Its samuwar faruwa a kasar matakin. Global kira da babbar hanyar tsarin, rufe jihohi da dama. A daidai wannan ra'ayi sun hada da transcontinental sarkar, aiki a cikin iyakoki da dama nahiyoyi.

Bisa ga data kasance dangantakar macrologistical tsarin kasu kashi uku iri. Saboda haka, mai yiwuwa ne suna:

• sadarwa kai tsaye, a lokacin da abu ya kwarara da aka koma kai tsaye daga masana'anta na da kaya zuwa karshen mabukaci.
• a kalla daya tsakiya (irin tafarkin da tsarin mayar a cikin taguwar ruwa).
• wani kai tsaye dangane ko ta hanyar wani tsakiya ya sadar da dukiya (m dabaru tsarin).

micrologistical tsarin

Wannan irin kungiyar da kayan kwarara amfani a wani kamfanin. Manufar ne don inganta sarkar micrologistical matsawa albarkatu a cikin samar da tsari, wadata, da kuma marketing.

Sarrafawa sha'anin tsarin da ya kamata a kera da kamfanin ta dabarun a raga da kuma magance matsalar optimizing ta aiki. Waɗannan aukuwa rufe da ikon yinsa, daga kowane musamman kamfanin. A daidai wannan dabaru tsarin samar da wani bayani da ciki shiri na batutuwa da suka shafi da motsi da kayan kwarara.

Kuma a cikin wannan yanayin yana da kansa rarrabuwa. Iri micro dabaru tsarin kasu kashi:

• -internal (ciki).
• waje.
• Hadakar.

Logistic ciki view na sha'anin tsarin da aka tsara don inganta gudanar da kaya gudana a cikin fasaha sake zagayowar na samar da. Its main manufofin ne tambayoyi rage inventories na aiki a ci gaba da kuma kayan albarkatun, kazalika da rage tsawon yawa na aiki babban birnin kasar na kamfanin. Don wannan karshen, kamfanin ta dabaru da tsarin dole sarrafa da kuma sarrafa matakin da kayan albarkatun da kuma inganta aiwatar da harkokin sufuri. A nasara bayani daga wannan matsala za ta kai ga kadan samar da halin kaka da kuma kara yawan aiki, yayin da rike bukata ingancin na gama kaya.

Sarrafawa tsarin bayyanar halitta don warware matsalolin da dangantaka da ingantawa da kuma gudanar da abu da kuma hade da kwarara daga maroki ga mai saye. Irin wannan yunkuri daukan wuri waje da fasaha sake zagayowar daga cikin sha'anin.

Da abubuwa da cewa yin up da waje dabaru tsarin, wannan dabaru da kuma rarraba cibiyar sadarwa, samar da motsi na kayayyakin daga masana'antun 'warehouses zuwa karshe mabukaci. Wadannan sun hada da duka biyu a-gidan sufuri, warehousing, da sauransu. D. Units, kuma tãyar da kungiyar yin karusa na dukiya. Babban ayyuka da cewa an tsara su don magance waje dabaru tsarin ne cikin zirga-zirga management na kayan gudana, kazalika da ingantawa da duk halin kaka da kuma rage ceto sau.

Modern kasuwanci yanayi bukatar wani mabanbanta m zuwa gabatarwa abu kwarara. Kuma nan don taimakon Hadakar dabaru tsarin. Suna tushen a mahaɗar tsakãninsu gargajiya da hanyoyin da m sabon dabarun zirga-zirga management makirci. A halin yanzu, da duniya ta manyan kamfanoni a cikin ci gaban da dabaru raka'a wucewa da kayan kwarara zuwa raba bayanai da kuma kwamfuta dandamali.

Wannan Forms dabarun m tsarin. Hadakar dabaru management sa kamfanonin domin ya kara da kudi na yawa na dukiya, rage kaya da kuma kayan albarkatun saduwa da bukatun na abokan ciniki a high quality-samfurori da kuma ayyuka. Hada aikin manajoji, duk da kasuwanci raka'a, kazalika da dabaru abokan, za mu iya cimma sakamako mafi kyau a cikin kasuwanci.

Organization of motsi da kayan gudana

Management a dabaru tsarin yana da wasu halaye. Yana hada irin Tsarin kamar yadda sayen da kuma masana'antu, sufuri, da kuma rarraba bayanai. Bari mu bincika kowane daga cikinsu a cikin daki-daki.

samuwa dabaru matsaloli suna warware a kan aiwatar da isar da shuka raw kayan. A wannan mataki zaba da kuma karatu rabawa, sanya hannu kwangilar, kazalika da m kisa sarrafawa. A hali na take hakkin da yarjejeniyar sharuddan ceto dace matakan da ake dauka.

Wani misali da wani dabaru tsarin to warware irin wannan matsaloli, za a iya gani a kowane sha'anin. A wani kamfanin, akwai wadata da sabis cewa aka sanya da kuma duk na sama ayyuka.

Next ne management na kayan gudana a cikin sha'anin. Wannan shi ne, inda ne mai kyau ko sabis da ake bayar. A wannan mataki na ayyuka don warware samar da dabaru. The bayani dalla-dalla na wannan tsarin shi ne cewa dukan ikon yinsa, daga aiki a kan motsi daga cikin kayan kwarara aka yi a cikin iyakoki na sha'anin. A lokaci guda, dukkan mahalarta logistic makircinsu, kada ku shige su cikin dangantaka tovarodenezhnye. Saboda haka, da ya kwarara motsi ba a sanya kwangila. Yana motsa bisa ga yanke shawara cewa an dauka na sha'anin sabis management. Duk da haka, a fannin samar da dabaru ne a hankali alaka da samuwa aiwatar da kara rarraba ƙãre samfurin.

A ra'ayi na dabaru tsarin hada da rarraba da kuma kisa ayyuka. Wadannan ayyuka kallafa ba kawai Manufacturing shuke-shuke amma kuma kungiyoyi da hannu a harkokin ciniki da brokering. A wannan mataki a gudanar da dabaru haihuwarka an kunna kuma ikon tsarin yadda da rarraba aiki rinjayar da tattalin arzikin yankin. Alal misali, shi yana nufin kungiyar na tsarin, tafiyad da rarraba kayayyakin abinci. A wannan abu ya kwarara dabaru tsarin fa, tã da hankali ga mataki a lokacin da ya ke a kan samar shafin. A wannan lokacin, ta magance batutuwan da suka shafi marufi da kwantena, lokaci, samar da girma, da sauransu. D.

Next da dabaru tsarin, iko ne ya wuce zuwa da kai sashe. Akwai warware tambayoyi na kara motsi da kayan kwarara. Dukan su kasance a cikin Sphere na kai dabaru. Kamar yadda a duk wasu links na sarkar, akwai wani fili a tsare iyakoki. Hanyoyin da kai dabaru da ake amfani a kan aiwatar da shirya wani irin sufuri.

bayani dabaru

Abin da kayyade motsi da kayan gudana? Nasara aiwatar da matsala mai yiwuwa ne kawai inda a can ake da raya logistic bayanai tsarin. Dõmin sun ba da damar a cikin wannan ƙarnin da wani sashe ta hanyar gudanar da kaya gudana.

Sarrafawa bayanai tsarin yin amfani da microprocessor fasahar, zamani bayanai fasahar da sauran wajen warware matsalar. Wannan yanki ne da nasaba, da duk sauran Tsarin cewa sarrafa da kuma sarrafa motsi da kayan gudana. Lokacin da wannan bayanai da aka yi musayar ba kawai a cikin sha'anin kanta, amma kuma tsakanin abokan located daga juna a tsawon nisa.

Analysis na dabaru tsarin

Duk shirin motsi da kayan gudana fara da wani nazari na yanzu halin da ake ciki da kuma bada shi dace da kimantawa. Don yin wannan, wani bincike da dabaru tsarin. Wajibi ne a gano da waje muhalli, da kuma kasuwar kimantawa fafatawa a gasa, kuma ga kayyade halayyar Properties na kowane daga cikin links da sarkar ci gaba.

Ta hanyar bincike da dabaru tsarin, na farko sanin ko yana cikin reserves inganta. Next nazari ainihin data bukata ga haƙiƙa kuma m review tsari ya dace da kayan da kwarara. A ƙarshe, analysis m da zabin canza dabaru tsarin sauƙaƙe halittar mafi dace makirci.