Mene ne OSCE? A abun da ke ciki na da manufa da kuma OSCE kallo

Mene ne OSCE? A tarihin wannan kungiyar ne. A 1973, wani taron kasa da kasa da aka gudanar domin tattauna hadin gwiwa da tsaro a Turai (CSCE). Sun dauki bangare 33 ƙasashe. Yana ƙare tare da sanya hannu daga cikin shugabannin a birnin Helsinki kasashe da gwamnatoci yi, wanda ya zama wani dogon lokacin da shirin na mataki domin gina guda m, mulkin demokra] iyya da wadata Turai. Organization ne key na Turai Community. Yana yana da fadi da iko don magance rikice-rikice daban-daban, yan-adam monitoring a mutum kasashen, da iko na muhalli aminci.

Juyin Halitta daga kungiyar

Mene ne OSCE? Bisa ga Helsinki Final shirye-shirye ga babban kwatance na ayyukan da kungiyar hada da wadannan matsalolin da suka shafi Turai tsaro: hadin gwiwa a fannonin kimiyya, tattalin arziki, fasaha, muhalli, da jin kai da kuma sauran filayen (yan-adam, bayanai, da al'adu, da ilimi). Wannan ne OSCE Mission. Muhimmanci turakun na Helsinki tsari da aka gamuwa da Amurka Parties a Belgrade (1977-1978 gg.), Madrid (1980-1983 gg.), Vienna (1986-1989 gg.).

An samo mai muhimmancin taron na OSCE halartar Amurka a matakin qarshe a Paris (1990 th), Helsinki (1992 th), Budapest (1994 th), Lisbon (1996 minti) da kuma Istanbul (1999 th). A sakamakon da hankali institutionalization da kuma yanke shawarar kirkiro da post na babban sakataren (1993rd) da kuma Dindindin majalisar CSCE ya samu cikin siffofin na kasa da kasa yankin kungiyar. A daidai da shawarar da Budapest taron koli a 1995, da CSCE canza sunanta zuwa OSCE. Deciphering abbreviations for Tsaro da kuma hadin kai tsakaninsu a Turai.

A shekarar 1996, a Lisbon taron shugabannin} asashen dake da matukar muhimmanci yanke shawara da kuma takardun da aka dauka. Da fari dai, manufar da aka bayyana a Turai tsaro a cikin 21st karni. Shi ne mai magana game da bukatar sake ma su matsugunni da wani sabon Turai tare da kan iyakoki da kuma rarraba Lines. A gaskiya, wannan daftarin aiki ya ba da dalilin halittar Tarayyar Turai. Abu na biyu, an sabunta CFE yarjejeniyar (yarjejeniyar a kan al'ada Armed Forces).

Mene ne OSCE? Yau, membobin kungiyar ne 56 kasashe, ciki har duk Turai, post-Soviet, Canada, Amurka da kuma Mongolia. Wannan damar da kungiyar zuwa OSCE warware matsaloli da yawa a cikin duniya. Its umarni maida hankali ne akan wata babbar jerin tambayoyi na soja da siyasa, muhalli, tattalin arziki da kuma kimiyya duniyoyin. Da manufofin kungiyar ne: alubalantar ta'addanci, da makamai iko, muhalli da kuma tsaron tattalin arziki, da kariya na dimokuradiyya da hakkin dan adam, kazalika da yawa wasu. Kasashen na ga OSCE da daidaita matsayi. Shawarwarin da ake yi a kan tushen da yarjejeniya. Akwai daban-daban cibiyoyin na OSCE. Abin da shi ne, za mu magance kasa.

a raga

Kungiyar musamman ta mayar da hankali ta kokarin a kan rigakafin daban-daban na yanki rikice-rikice da kuma warware rigingimu da rikice-rikice, da kawar da sakamakon da yaki, kuma haka a. N. Babban wajen rike tsaro da kuma mafita ga cimma babban raga na kungiyar suna da sassa uku na kida. Na farko da kungiyar hada da:

• iko da yaduwa.
• a kan ayyukan gina dogara da kuma inganta lafiya.
• diplomasiyya matakan hana daban-daban rikice-rikice.

Sinfi na biyu, ya hada da tsaro a filin na tattalin arziki da kuma da lafiyar qasa. The uku category hada da duk abin da alaka yan-adam, 'yancin tunani, da sauransu. Su ne:

• fafutukar.
• monitoring zaben a kasashe daban-daban;
• karfafa cibiyoyin mulkin demokra].

Ya kamata a fahimci cewa OSCE ta yanke shawara ne shawarwari da kuma ba dauri. Duk da haka, suna da babban siyasa muhimmanci. A ma'aikatan kungiyar ne 370 persons in jagorancin matsayi da ko 3.5 dubu aiki a filin manufa.

taron

Taron kira wani taro na wakilan da suka halarci kasashe a matakin qarshe. Su ne wakilin na dandalin tattaunawa tare da sa hannu na shuwagabannin gwamnatin, da aka gudanar yawanci kowane biyu zuwa uku shekaru don tattauna halin da ake ciki a fagen tsaro da kwanciyar hankali a OSCE yankin, ya dauki dace yanke shawara, tabbatas da babban kwatance na kungiyar ayyuka a cikin gajeren da kuma dogon lokaci al'amurra.

A majalisar ministocin kasar da kuma Dindindin Council

A majalisar ministocin kasar da tarurruka da ake halarta da ministocin harkokin waje na Amurka mambobi ne na kungiyar. Shi ne tsakiyar yanke shawara da kuma hukumar mulki na OSCE. Tabbataccen Council - shi ne mai aiki sashin jiki, a cikinsa a matakin Dindindin Wakilai daga cikin States Parties gudanar siyasa shawarwari, yanke shawara a kan dukan al'amuran da na yanzu ayyuka na OSCE. Cikakken zaman PS aka gudanar a kowace Alhamis a birnin Vienna.

A majalisar dokokin

OSCE Organization yana da majalisar dokokin. Cikakken zaman suna gudanar sau biyu a shekara, tare da taimakon da PA sakatariya, located in Copenhagen. OSCE Shugaban-in lamba tare da PA akai-akai, ka sanar da mahalarta game da aiki na kungiyar. PA shugaban kasar da aka zabe ga wani ajali na shekara guda.

sakatariyar

OSCE sakatariya, wanda aikin jagorancin Sakatare Janar, da kulawa da manufa da kuma kungiyar cibiyoyin tura a Member Amirka, da hidima da ayyukan da sauran gudanarwa, tabbatar da aiwatar da daban-daban taro, tsunduma a administrative da kasafin kudin al'amura, ma'aikata siyasa, shi ne alhakin sadarwa tare da kungiyoyin kasa da kasa, latsa kuma t. d. sakatariya located in Vienna (Austria), tare da mayar da mulki a Prague, (Czech Republic). Don inganta yadda ya dace da sakatariya da sauran cibiyoyin a cikin tattalin arziki da kuma muhalli da jirage tun Janairu 1998 da post na Co-ordinator na OSCE tattalin arziki da duniyoyin da yanayi.

Shugaban-a

Mene ne OSCE? A fuska daga cikin kungiyar da kuma manyan jam'iyyun siyasa adadi ne na yanzu shugaban. Shi ne da alhakin daidaituwa da kuma shawara a kan halin yanzu siyasa. A ta aiki, da shugaban da aka taimaka by:

• Gada da magaji zuwa aiki tare da shi a cikin uku format.
• Musamman kungiyoyin, wanda shi ma ya nada.
• Personal wakilan, wanda aka kuma nada da Shugaban, tare da samar da wani takamaiman umarni da definition da jerin matsaloli a fagage daban-daban na iyawa na OSCE.

Office for Democratic Cibiyoyi da kuma Human Rights (ODIHR rage tsawon)

Wannan tsarin facilitates gudanar da mulkin demokra] iyya zaben a Member States (ciki har da aikawa da zaben kallo manufa), kazalika da bayar da m taimako a cikin gabatarwa na cibiyoyin mulkin demokra] da yan-adam, da karfafa harsãshensa} ungiyoyin jama'a da kuma bin doka da oda. ODIHR ofishin a Warsaw.

A High Kwamishinan a kan kabilu (HCNM)

Wannan jami'in ne alhakin farkon gargadi na rikice-rikice shafe kasa da 'yan tsirarun al'amurran da suka shafi. HCNM sakatariya a The Hague.

kafofin watsa labarai da 'yancin wakilin

Yana hukuma taimaka wa jihohin jam'iyyun da su wajibai a filin daga kafofin watsa labarai. A matsayin wakilin na kafofin watsa labarai yana da muhimmanci don tabbatar da dace aiki na wani bude dimokaradiyya, kazalika da gwamnatocin lissafi ga 'yan kasarta. OSCE, wannan ma'aikata da aka halitta a marigayi 1997.

OSCE manufa

Ofishin Jakadancin aiki a matsayin irin "filin" na OSCE tsarin. A kudu maso gabas Turai, su ne ba a Albania OSCE Mission to Bosnia da Herzegovina, Macedonia, Croatia, Serbia, Kosovo (Serbia). A Gabashin Turai Office in Minsk Mission to Moldova Project Co-ordinator a Ukraine. A Kudu Caucasus: OSCE manufa a Georgia, da ofisoshin a Yerevan, kuma Baku, wakilin Shugaban-Karabakh. A tsakiyar Asiya: wata manufa a kasar Tajikistan, da OSCE Center a Almaty, Ashgabat, Bishkek, Uzbekistan. Wadannan cibiyoyin suna da muhimmanci kida a al'amura na rikici rigakafi da rikicin management a cikin filin. OSCE kallo gudanar da ayyuka da yawa a cikin zafi spots da kuma rikici na Afirka.

Tattalin arziki da kuma muhalli Forum

Wannan shekara-shekara taron, da aka gudanar domin ba impetus ga tattalin arzikin na Amurka Parties. Su ma auku yin shawarwari a kan m matakan da nufin inganta hadin gwiwar tattalin tsakanin kasashen biyu.

A Forum for Tsaro Co-aiki

Wannan jiki daukawa fitar ta aikin na dundundun a Vienna. Ya kunshi wakilan tawagogin na OSCE halartar States tsunduma a wani tattaunawa na al'amurran da suka shafi makamai iko, kwance damarar yaki, da amincewa-ginin da kuma matakan tsaro.