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Mene ne IOC? International kwamitin wasannin Olympics: flag, kudi, kwamitocin, kwamitoci da Tsarin
Mene ne IOC? The International kwamitin wasannin Olympics (IOC) - na duniya ba riba ba na gwamnati kungiyar tushen a Lausanne (Switzerland). Yana da aka halitta da Pierre de Coubertin, Yuni 23, 1894, da kuma ta shugaban farko da aka Dimitri Vikelas. Don kwanan wata, aka hada da 100 aiki members, 32 girmamawa mambobi da kuma 1 memba ne na girmamawa. Kwamitin shi ne babban dalili na Olympic Movement na zamani a duniya.
Mene ne IOC?
The International kwamitin wasannin Olympics shirya zamani gasar wasannin Olympics da kuma gasar wasannin Olympic ta matasa faruwa a lokacin rani da kuma hunturu kowane shekaru hudu. A farko wasannin Olympics, shirya da IOC, da gasar wasannin Olympics da aka gudanar a kasar, a Athens, a 1896. Winter gasar Olympics a karon farko a tarihin 'yan adam (a zamanin tsohuwar Girka da aka ba da aka gudanar da Winter Wasanni) da aka gudanar a 1924 a Chamonix, a arewacin Faransa. Har shekara ta 1992, su duka biyu Wasanni da aka gudanar a wannan shekara. Kwamitin sa'an nan ya koma Olympics Winter Wasanni a ko da shekaru tsakanin bazara don taimaka shirya na biyu events zuwa tsara ayyukansu, kuma ba su tsoma baki tare da juna, kazalika da inganta da kudi yanayin da IOC, wanda karɓa mai manyan samun kudin shiga a gasar shekara. A farko Summer Matasa gasar wasannin Olympic da aka gudanar a Singapore a 2010, da kuma na farko hunturu - a Innsbruck a 2012.
Mene ne flag na gasar Olympic na duniya?
IOC flag ne mai hade da biyar zobba (uku a saman da biyu a kasa). Suna lauye. Kowane zobe na da launi: blue, baki, ja, rawaya da kore. Dukan su wakilci nahiyoyi biyar na duniya. IOC flag yana da wani farin bango.
IOC Ofishin Jakadancin
Manufa na gasar Olympic na duniya, daidai da ta yi oda takardun, shi ne ya gabatar da wasannin Olympic da 'yan wasa a duniya da kuma inganta Olympic Movement. Dole ne ya yi da wadannan:
- kula da cikakken kuma din ci gaban da wasanni a dukan duniya, da inganta shi a duk faɗin duniya.
- samar da wasannin daidai da tsayayyen jadawalin.
- yi aiki tare da m jama'a ko masu zaman kansu da kungiyoyin da kuma hukumomi.
- yaƙi da duk wani yunkurin da aka yi don ya ƙasƙantar da Olympic Movement;
- magance wariya ga mata a duniyar wasanni, kare da daidaitakar maza da mata.
IOC
Zama na gasar Olympic na duniya - shi ne babban shiri na gama management jiki. Ta da yake faruwa sau daya a shekara. Aiwatar da manufa na daidaici na kuri'un da aka kada, a cikin abin da kowane memba yana daya kawai zaben. IOC hedkwatar a Lausanne, shine na aikin hukuma wuri domin zaman.
M zaman iya kira da ko dai shugaban kasar, ko 1/3 daga cikin jimlar membobinsu. Duk da haka, da Regulation ya furta cewa, a yanke shawara na IOC ya dauki ma sau da yawa, kuma unnecessarily.
Daga cikin abubuwan, da IOC zaman yana da hakkin:
- sanyãwar ko gyara Olympics Yarjejeniya.
- zaben da mambobi ne na IOC, cibiyar shugaban kasar da kuma cibiyar Members.
- zaben da shugaban kasar, da mataimakin-Shugabannin da kuma duk sauran membobin kwamitin IOC Executive Board.
- zabo rundunar birni na gasar wasannin Olympics.
karrama
Bugu da kari zuwa gasar domin karban lambobin wasannin Olympic suna da wadannan IOC awards:
1. kwaf shugaban kwamitin wasannin Olympics. Ne mafi fifiko bayar da ta kunshi 'yan wasa da suka yi fice a wasannin da suke yi, yana da wani sabon abu da aiki da kuma yana da wani m tasiri a kan wasannin da suke yi.
2. Pierre de Coubertin ya samu lambar. Bayar da 'yan wasa suka nuna musamman ruhun wasanni a gasar Olympics. Mutane da yawa a baya zaton cewa saboda IOC a hukumance kiran kansu karban lambobin wasannin Olympic, amma shi ba.
3. Olympic Cup. Bayar da cibiyoyin ko ƙungiyoyi nuna isa yabo da taimako ga aiki ci gaban da gasar Olympics.
4. Olympic Order. Bayar da su mutane ga fice taimako ga gasar Olympics. Ya maye gurbin Olympic Certificate a baya data kasance.
Membobinsu a cikin IOC
Domin shekaru masu yawa, kasar daga wanda kafa dukan tsarin da IOC, aika biyu mambobi zuwa IOC. Daga baya, da oda suka fara canza hankali. A sakamakon haka, kafuwar ya samuwar na zaben kwamitocin da kasashensu daga gare su members.
Ƙarshe na membobinsu
Membobinsu a cikin IOC kare a cikin wadannan lokuta:
1. murabus. IOC memba iya ƙarasa da iko ta bada takardar murabus ga shugaban kasar.
2. A rashi na sake zaben. IOC memba daina zama, ba tare da kara ƙa'ida idan ya ba sake zabe.
3. Samar da matsakaicin shekaru. IOC memba ceases iko a karshen shekara, a lokacin da ya kai da shekaru 80.
4. Ƙin su shiga a zaman na biyu a jere shekaru.
5. Change zama ko dan kasa.
6. The persons matsayin aiki da 'yan wasa gushe zama membobin kwamitin IOC' Yan wasan 'Hukumar, a lokacin da suyi ritaya.
7. The Shugaban IOC kuma m management matsayi a cikin NOCs, duniya, ko nahiyar da ƙungiyoyi na NOCs, IFs da sauransu, to gushe ta ikon gane da IOC yanke shawara.
8. Togiya: IOC memba iya fitar da wani hukunci na zaman idan ya ci amanar rantsuwa ko idan Zama ɗauki cewa ya yi watsi da bukatun na IOC ko da gangan yana sanya su a hadarin, ko aikata a cikin wani iri da cewa shi ne bai dace ba ga wani memba na kwamitin IOC.
kudi IOC
A farkon 1980 ta Olympic da wasannin ne sun fi mayar dogara a kan kudin shiga daga rai guda tushen - da kwangila tare da Amurka talabijin kamfanoni don watsa shirye-shirye cikin gasar wasannin Olympics. Bayan da zaben a matsayin shugaban kwamitin IOC a 1980, Juan Antonio Samaranch ya gane wannan shigewa, da kuma tare da shawara da Horst Dassler, Adidas memba na iyali, yanke shawarar kaddamar da wani duniya marketing shirye-shirye na IOC. Samaranch nada Canadian IOC memba Richarda Paunda Shugaban IOC Hukumar "New kafofin kudi."
A shekarar 1982, da Swiss kamfanin a kan wasanni sayar da kamfanin tsiyace Marketing ya ɓullo da wani duniya marketing shirin na IOC na Olympics Movement. Tsiyace ya samu nasarar ci gaba da shirin, amma da aka maye gurbinsu da wani management kamfanin da Meridian, wanda aka jera mallakar da IOC tun da farkon shekarun 1990s.
A shekarar 1989 daya daga cikin ma'aikatan tsiyace Marketing Maykl Peyn shiga cikin kwamitin IOC da kuma zama na farko da daraktan marketing ga kungiyar. Duk da haka, tsiyace da baya Meridian taka leda amma duk da haka muhimmiyar rawa a kara yawan tallace-tallace da kuma sayar da ga 2002 jamiái. Domin shekaru 17, tare da haɗin gwiwar tsiyace, kuma baya tare da Meridian, Payne ya yi babban taimako ga halittar wani multibillion-dollar tallafawa marketing shirin, wanda, tare da kyautata na TV kasuwanci da kuma inganta kudi management, ya taimaka wajen mayar da kudi viability na IOC. Olympics fara kawo babbar dawo. A shekara ta 2002, kwamitin kawo karshen dangantaka da Meridian da gangarawa ta marketing shirin a karkashin shiryarwar Timo Lummen, Manajan Daraktan Marketing sabis.
albashi
The Olympic Movement sami kudaden shiga ta hanyar biyar manyan shirye-shirye. The International kwamitin wasannin Olympics (IOC) kulawa watsa shirye-shirye tarayya da kuma World Shirin na tallafawa na Olympic Movement. The kwamitin shirya gudanar da m tallafawa, tikitin tallace-tallace da kuma lasisi, da shirye-shirye a cikin rundunar kasa ne kuma a karkashin shugabancin kwamitin IOC. Olympics sami albashi ga wani total fiye da $ 4 biliyan. Record a cikin rikon kwarya lokaci - biliyan 2.5 daloli a kudaden shiga a lokacin gasar hudu-shekara zamani daga 2001 zuwa 2004. Hard yi imani da cewa shi ne IOC sami for 4 shekaru, amma su marketing bai kawo gagarumin amfani.
kudaden shiga rarraba
IOC allocates ɓangare na samun kudin shiga na dukan Olympic Movement kungiyoyi su goyi bayan shirye-shiryen da kuma gudanar da gasar wasannin Olympics da kuma karfafa wasanni a ko'ina cikin duniya. The International kwamitin wasannin Olympics rike game da 10% na kudaden shiga daga Olympic marketing zuwa aiki kuma administrative halin kaka.
Kwamitocin shirya gasar Olympics
NOCs sami taimakon kudi ga horo da kuma ci gaban Olympic teams, gasar wasannin Olympic da 'yan wasa da kuma gaba da' yan wasa. Kungiyar gudamawar kudaden shiga tsakanin kwamitocin a duniya. Kwamitin kuma taimaka wa Olympic watsa shirye-shirye, da ci gaban Olympic Solidarity, kazalika da sauran Olympic ayyukan, halin da bukatarmu mafi girma, domin ku] i.
Olympic marketing nasara da kuma cikar yarjejeniyoyi kan Olympic watsa shirye-shirye ya yarda da kungiyar don samar da karin goyon baya ga NOCs da kowane Olympic quadrennial sake zagayowar.
International Olympic Wasanni Hukumar (IFs)
IOC ne a halin yanzu mafi girma a tushen samun kudin shiga ga masu rinjaye na IFs, kamar yadda ta bayar da samun kudin shiga na dukan kungiyar MSF taimaka a gaban Game da wasanni a dukan duniya. IOC na samar da taimakon kudi, da suka fara da 28 IFs na Olympic bazara wasanni da kuma kawo karshen 7 IFs na Olympic hunturu wasanni (da shi yana farawa, bi da bi, bayan kammala na gaba sake zagayowar na rani da kuma hunturu gasar wasannin Olympics). A kullum-girma darajar Olympic watsa shirye-shirye} awancen ya yarda da IOC ya ma kara taimakon kudi ga IFs da kowane m Wasanni.
sauran kungiyoyi
Kungiyar inganta cikin hannu na ta kudaden shiga a shirye-shirye daban-daban na gane duniya wasanni kungiyoyi, gami da kasa da kasa na nakasassu na kwamitin da Duniya Anti-doping Agency (Wada). A mafi yawan lokuta su yi aiki a cikin shugabanci, duk da haka ta faru da kuma rikice-rikice. Alal misali, da bambance-bambance tsakanin Wada da kuma IOC kan m na Rasha tawagar a gasar Olympics-2016 (wannan za a tattauna a kasa).
tallafawa
IOC yana da babban yawan masu bada taimako, wanda kuma samar da, Inter Alia, ƙarin kudaden shiga kungiyar. Daga cikin shahararrun ne:
- "Coca-Cola".
- "Bridgestone".
- "General Electric".
- "McDonald ta".
- "Panasonic".
- "Procter & Gamble".
- "Samsung".
- "Toyota".
- "Visa".
Har ila yau, wani ɓangare na tallafawa zo daga goyon bayan da kwamitocin shirya gasar Olympics.
Wuri gasar wasannin Olympics ta shekara ta 1976
Da farko rike da 1976 Olympics da'awar da wadannan birane:
1. Denver, Colorado, USA.
2. Sion, Swizalan.
3. Tampere, Finland.
4. Vancouver, Canada.
Da farko, da birnin da wasannin da aka zaba Denver May 12, 1970. Duk da haka, tanã fita halin kaka da kuma damuwa game da illa a kan yanayi (worsening da ta yanayin sau 3) ya kai ga gaskiya cewa Nuwamba 7, 1972 mazauna jihar sun zabe su waive da Games, domin in ba haka ba da ake bukata bond batun a cikin adadin $ 5 miliyan kudi na kudin jama'a.
Denver ya hukumance ki Nuwamba 15, da kuma kwamitin nan samarwa a wasan a Whistler (British Columbia, Kanada), amma su ma ki saboda canji na gwamnati bayan zaben.
Salt Lake City (Utah) a shekara ta 1972 ya miƙa kansa a matsayin m rundunar Wasanni bayan ƙi Denver (a karshen, kamar yadda muka sani, sai suka kwashi Wasanni a 2002). The International kwamitin wasannin Olympics, an har yanzu reeling daga gazawar da Denver, na zabi Innsbruck (Austria) ga Winter gasar wasannin Olympics ta 1976. Kafin cewa Innsbruck ya karbi bakuncin 1964 Winter gasar wasannin Olympics.
Da abin kunya da gasar wasannin Olympics ta 2002 a Salt Lake City
Scandal Disamba 10, 1998, lokacin da wani Swiss memba na kungiyar Marc Hodler, shugaban kwamitin shirya overseeing kungiyar na gasar wasannin Olympics ta-2002, ya sanar da cewa da dama IOC mambobi dauki cin hanci. Ba da da ewa, hudu m bincike da aka za'ayi da daban-daban da kungiyoyi: da IOC, da USOC, da US Department of Justice.
Kafin binciken jami'an Oxley Welch kuma Johnson murabus. Mutane da yawa wasu membobin kwamitin IOC zarar bi. Ma'aikatar Shari'a ta yi zargin shugabannin: suka so ya ba kowane daga shekara goma sha biyar a kan zargin da cin hanci da rashawa da kuma zamba. Johnson da kuma Welch aka ƙarshe wanke daga dukkan laifi zargin a cikin watan Disamba 2003.
A sakamakon bincike na goma IOC mambobi aka fitar da wani goma an hõre daban-daban takunkumi. Ya na farko togiya ko danniyan daga takunkumi ga cin hanci da rashawa ga kan shẽkara ɗari na zama na kwamitin. Ko da yake kome tsananin doka da aka yi, an ji cewa na karbar cin hanci da aka abi'a m. Da tsauraran sharudda da aka soma a nan gaba aikace-aikace, da kuma nuna rubutu da yawa IOC mambobi iya yarda da saka kudade don wasanni.
wasu saba wa juna
A 2006, bisa ga rahoton da gwamnan Nagano (Japan), miliyoyin daloli ware saboda Olympics, an kashe a cikin hanyar "ba bisa doka ba da kuma wuce kima matakin karamci" to membobin kwamitin, ciki har da $ 4.4 miliyan na su domin nisha. Wannan ya biyo ta gudanar da bincike da kuma sallama da dama Member Amirka.
Mutane da yawa na kasa da kasa kungiyoyin adawa da gasar wasannin Olympics a Beijing, barata shi da cewa kasar na da matukar yawa keta hakkin dan Adam. Game da wadannan da'awar gudanar da yawa saurarenta, amma yana yiwuwa sanya wata sanarwa cewa, gasar wasannin Olympics 2008 za a gudanar a Beijing.
A 2010, gasar Olympic na duniya da aka bayar da wata lambar yabo ta musamman. An bayar da mafi mũnin da "m" kamfanoni da kungiyoyi a duniya.
Kafin a fara gasar wasannin Olympics a shekarar 2012, kwamitin ya yanke shawarar ba ya rike wani minti na shiru don girmama ƙwaƙwalwar na 11 Isra'ila Olympians wanda aka kashe a Munich Olympics shekaru 40 da suka wuce. Zhak Rogge, shugaban kwamitin wasannin Olympics na a lokacin, ya ce shi zai zama "bai dace ba" a yi da shi, wanda ya sa mai fadi da jama'a rawa.
doping abin kunya
Bugu da kari, a sakamakon sanannun doping abin kunya a watan Yuli 2016 a sakamakon nazarin da Duniya Anti-doping Association, rahoton na American malamin da dan jarida McLaren, kazalika da yanke shawara sanya ta Sports kararrakin Kotun, da IOC yanke shawara na Rasha tawagar kasar kusan aka cire daga gasar wasannin Olympics a Rio de -Zhaneyro. IOC taron a Lausanne ƙare har anã gitta su matsananci yanayi na yarda da Russia a gasar Olympics da 'yan wasa da aka dukkan sallami dukan tawagar, duka biyu waɗanda suka riƙi dope, da kuma waɗanda aka ba da hannu a cikin duk wadannan al'amura.
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