Mene ne almarar? Almarar: Definition

Mene ne almarar? Amsar wannan tambaya. Fantastic labarin, almarar, ko - wani salo almara, wanda yake shi ne waka ko litattafan labari, wani karamin girma, yafi comic ciki, wanda shi ne batu image zahiri da gangan gurbata.

Tabbatar da dalilin da almarar

VY Propp, philologist da folklorist, ya amsa da tambaya game da abin da shi ne almarar - wannan shi ne daya daga cikin iri na dama Genre, inda a ciki vyvorochena gaskiya. Su lãbãri da labarin abubuwan da suka faru a cikin rãyuwar gaba daya ba zai yiwu ba, kamar cewa, kamar wani mutum ta kafadu da dama a cikin fadama, duck a kansa, da gina wani gida da kuma sa qwai, sa'an nan kerkẽci ya zo ya ci su.

Rasha almarar

Don ƙarni, a Rasha akwai wani almara makaranta ga yara daga 4 zuwa shekaru 12, a cikin abin da kowane bayyana kanta da mai girma babbar sha'awa da kuma farauta, kira shi almarar.

Wannan Genre kafa Clowns, bayar da labarun, m to funny songs da kalmomi taka leda a cikin kauyuka da birane a kan hooters da waxwings.

A wani binciken da na kasa almara, ya yi Andreem Sinyavskim, aka kasaftawa fantastic labarin da almarar, wanda ya kira da labaru game da abubuwan da suka faru, wanda ya taba kasance kuma ba zai iya zama. Wannan abin da almarar (definition Andreya Sinyavskogo). Wancan ne, shi phrases da kuma yanayi bayyane alogical, wanda aka tsara domin ku yi comic sakamako. Kamar yadda wani misali, ya buga wani ɓaɓɓake daga "Northern Tatsũniyõyi", rubuta NE Onchukovym. Yana yayi Magana game da yadda mutum daya sa da gatari a kan danda ƙafa, rataye da gatari rike, chopping itace sash. Sai matarsa ta wani kyakkyawa - kamar yadda a duba fitar da taga, don haka karnuka suna Shusha Barking kwana uku. Wannan abin da almarar. A definition wannan salo aka bai wa a farkon wannan labarin.

Bambance-bambance tsakanin tiresome tãtsũniyõyin da tatsuniya

Ya Notes Andrei Sinyavsky da cewa a cikin almarar, domin a cimma wata comic sakamako, da kalmomi tare, da dabi'u suna swapped. Kamar yadda tiresome tãtsũniyõyin, dama labarin - a parody na hikaya kanta. Bambanci tsakanin su ta'allaka ne da cewa daban-daban jam'iyyun suna parodied. Yana kawo ga meaninglessness tiresome labari da manufa na tsawon kuma connectivity. Kawai komai nau'i na ta zauna ita: kumshe wadansu abubuwan, ya miƙa zuwa rashin iyaka sarkar na kalmomi. Da dama labarin abun ciki ya kawo wa m aljanna labarin da kanta tare da hali ga allahntaka da kuma banmamaki. Wannan abin da almarar.

Almarar a Amurka

American almara matsayin wani ɓangare na wani salo na almarar, wanda Dates baya ga gasar da gorin a cikin Wild West. "Toastmasters International" da aka gudanar a kowace shekara biyu, gasar na oratory, wanda kamar yadda guda bangaren iya hada wani iri-iri na dama labarin gaya. Takara a wannan harka, ba da tarihin 3-5 minti, sa'an nan aka yi hukunci da wani juri.

Mafi mashahuri heroes of tatsuniyoyi a Amurka sun hada da wadannan haruffa, wasu daga wanda su ma tarihi: gwarzon lumberjack Paul Bunyan, wanda ya dauki gatari a hannunsa a kan rana ta biyu bayan haihuwa. Pete Cordes, ƙanensa. Toni Biver. Pecos Bill, Daniel Bun da sauransu.

Almarar a wasu kasashen

Matsayin mai mulkin, da mataki almarar (almara Australia) faruwa a daji, misali, Spivey, almara ranch. Su ne protagonists Big Bill scooped da kyau tsara don ci karafa, mafi wawa ranch mazaunin. kazalika da shahara Strigal wanda mahaukaci girma da iko, mai suna m Mick. Wannan hali kuma ya bayyana a cikin aikin na "wasuwãsi a cikin iska," Alan Marshalla.

Popular gwarzo na daban-daban tãtsũniyõyin a Canada ne Mafero Joe, mai almara hali, da giant lumberjack.

Almarar a cikin zamani al'ada

Popular nufin bayar da labaru a farkon karni na 20th sun hotunan da aka sanya a kan katunan gaisuwa. Halittawa suna fiye hada zane da kuma daukar hoto, yin amfani da wani canji na hangen zaman gaba da kafuwa ga image kamawa giant kifi, farauta babbar dabbobi ko hawa a kan su, girma da m size daga cikin amfanin gona. Kuma yi imani da shi (abin da yake almarar, karanta a farkon labarin) suna daban-daban abubuwa game Chuck Norris - m labaru game da shi.

Amfani tãtsũniyõyin a almarar

Su ne halayyar da yafi ga almara, amma akwai kuma wallafe-wallafen almarar ba, akasarinsu dogara ne a kan batutuwa dabam-dabam na almara. Misalan sun ha] da wadannan: The Kasadar Baron Munchausen a gabatar da marubuci Erich Raspe, Gargantua da Pantagruel na Rabelais 'labari na wannan sunan, Pomeranian labari Stepan Pisahova kuma Boris Shergina. Yana kuma ya hada da waka "Ruɗani a" Korney Chukovsky, wanda ya kunshi duka-duka na turncoats.

Chukovskij nuna yara da cewa halayyar da dabbobi da yadda ya kamata. A zuciya na wannan labari shi ne gwagwarmaya da mugayen: teku da aka kafa a kan wuta chanterelles, wanda ya dauki wasan. Decoupling ba zato ba tsammani: babu wanda ya iya sa shi fita, kawai karamin malam ya iya yi da shi.

Chukovsky a gwagwarmayar da labarin a cikin 20s ya magance malamai suka da'awar cewa ita wani kashi na rabu amfani bourgeois al'adu, su ma ya wallafa wani kimiyya aiki - tarin articles karkashin lakabi "Mu ne a kan hikaya." da yawa m, a adireshin shifter da aka yi. Yana Chukovskij farfado da wannan salo. Yau, an yi sa'a, da hali daga labari ne quite wani.

Samuil Marshak (shekaru na rayuwa - 1887-1964) hada sanannen waka game da warwatse mutum daga titi pool. Da aka halicce su kafin yakin, lokacin da marubuci ya rayu a Birnin Leningrad, ba da nisa daga data kasance a gaskiya Baseina Street (a yau shi ne ake kira titi Nekrasov).

ayyuka tãtsũniyõyin

A yara, da farko ma'ana darussan ne batu na ƙungiyar ayyuka, da samar da shi tare da uncharacteristic bayyanar cututtuka. Yara fito da HRE da labarai da kansu. Korney Chukovsky rubuta cewa yin amfani da irin wannan tãtsũniyõyin da ayoyi ne bayyanannu: wani sabawa daga na kullum Qarfafa yaro a shi, shi bincika duk na sama fuskantarwa da matabbata a cikin wannan duniya. Yaro ya shafi tunanin mutum da iko kamar yadda ya aikata da jarrabawa, kuma ya sãɓa shi, wanda kiwata amincewa a hankali, kai girma, don haka wajibi ne don yara, don haka kamar yadda ba su samun rasa a cikin m duniya.

Almarar ga manya ne fi'ili gibberish, maganar banza, da kuma ga yaro - funny labaru game da abin da gaske ba zai iya zama. Ka lura da cewa daga lokacin da tarihi mai nisa da mutane akwai wannan irin tatsuniya, kuma a gaskiya labarin baki rike kawai mafi kyau, tace fitar da mara amfani. Yaro, a hankali m da juna na wannan duniya, yin sabon ideas, sannu a hankali ya fara wasa da dama Concepts, saboda kawai ta hanyar wasa da karamin mutum zai iya fahimtar tsarin da sararin samaniya.

Yara, inverting da daban-daban mamaki, sa wani sabon ma'anar sananne, koyi yadda za a yi amfani da da kuma mafi sarrafa daban-daban Concepts samar da tunanin, na 'yancin tunani, saboda haka za a fara ji da kuma fahimta da ci mutumci.

Mun gani cewa irin wannan almarar. Definition, iri, su ayyuka sun kuma an yi karatu da mu. Kamar yadda ka gani, wannan salo ne quite ban sha'awa da kuma amfani. Nursery Daddy da labaru - da aka ba kawai nishadi labarai, su ne sosai musamman, tsanani a raga, taimaka wa siffar da yaron ya hali.