Memory:-daban da kuma halaye Laptop

Kwamfuta, kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka, smartphone ko kwamfutar hannu akwai nau'i biyu daga ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar. Inner yawanci alhakin adana fayilolin mai jarida da kuma shirye-shirye, amma gudanar da aiki, a cikin wasu kalmomi, lokaci. Yawancin lokaci da zamani a devaysakh da isasshen stock kuma duka tunanin, amma shi ne cewa mai amfani da bukatar ta bazuwa. Kuma idan a cikin hali na ciki, za ka iya kawai saya wani waje rumbun kwamfutarka, to, wannan zai yi aiki ba RAM.

Mene ne wannan?

Memory - wannan ne na wucin gadi fayil cewa Stores data daga dukan shirye-shirye domin a wasu lokuta a lokacin da aiki. Bayan da na'urar da aka kashe, mangaza aka barrantar. Saboda haka, PC ko da yaushe ya bada shawarar da mai amfani ajiye duk editable data, tun bayan ya sauya sheka da bashi da ceto canje-canje bace.

Yawancin lokaci, a lokacin da ta je "RAM" bayyana Rumbun cewa tserar duk aiki matakai da software. Amma wani lokacin wannan lokaci ne ma ake magana a kai a matsayin external ajiya na'urorin kamar woje ko ajiya na'urorin a kan Magnetic tef.

Kullum, iri daban-daban na RAM ne maras tabbas abubuwa da tsarin. Sun ajiye inji code na software, a matsayin labari / fitarwa da kuma matsakaici kayan, a kan abin da processor aiki.

tarihi akai

Kafin mu bincika daban da kuma irin memory, yana da muhimmanci a fahimci yadda shi duka ya fara. A labarin zai fara riga a farkon 30s na 19th karni. Sa'an nan Charlz Bebbidzh yi aiki a kan hikimar tantance na'ura. Wadanda raka'a da ake zaton ci gaba da sakamakon da lissafi tazara, ya yi kira da "warehouses". Duk da bayanai game da wadannan Kwayoyin suna mechanically adana a cikin nau'i na shafts da pinion tsari tare.

Lokacin da kirga inji na ƙarni na farko da aka halitta, da ayyuka ke dauke gwaji. A cikin "RAM", kuma ya aikata kome ba a ce. Ta zabin kasance kaɗan, kuma su ne bisa zahiri ka'idojin. Suka hade tare da wani electromagnetic gudun ba da sanda, Ft Irfan bata lokaci Lines, cathode ray shambura da kuma kama. D.

Sa'an nan RAM bayyanar iya zama cikakken unpredictable. Mafi sau da yawa shi ne Magnetic ganguna ko shafts.

Tare da a saki na biyu ƙarni na kwakwalwa wajibi ne a yi tunani a kan wani tasiri da kuma RAM. Just to, akwai Magnetic core memory. Tsara ta uku, ya sanya wani tsalle gaba, da kuma fara amfani da wani guntu, a kan abin da suke lantarki kwamfuta aka gyara. Sa'an nan mun fara bayyana iri RAM. Dynamic kiyaye saboda da lura da capacitor, kuma a tsaye - yin amfani da triggers.

A halin yanzu Jihar harkokin

A tsawon lokaci, da aiwatar da ya haddasa sabuwar irin RAM. "RAM" shi ne har yanzu dogara a kan samar da wutar lantarki. A hali na asarar da samar da lantarki da shi nan da nan hasarar wani bashi da ceto data. Yanzu akwai asali iri RAM. Su ne, kamar yadda a gabãnin haka, biyu: a tsaye da kuma tsauri. A farko yana aiki godiya ga wata jawo, na biyu - da condenser.

Dukansu sun zama ya fi dacewa. Outwardly, suka yi kama da wani naúra da semiconductors, wanda aka shirya a matsayin naúra da free damar. Dynamic memory ne da yawa mai rahusa. Next, mun dauki kusa look at kowane daga cikinsu.

A ƙarfafa muhimmancin

RAM yana da daban-daban. Daga cikin key za a iya ambata tsauri, ko DRAM. Shi ne ya fi kowa da irin kwakwalwa. Saboda gaskiya cewa shi ne mafi tattali. Don ajiye sallama, shi ya ɓullo da wani musamman kewaye wanda kunshi sassa biyu: a capacitor da wani transistor.

Wannan tsari ne da yawa mai rahusa da kuma shi ne ma tattali. Wannan shi ne saboda a kan wani guda guntu iya rike fi girma capacitors da transistors, maimakon a wani module bambanci.

Babban drawback na da irin wannan "RAM" an dauke su ta gudu. Yana aiki sannu a hankali kamar yadda canza matsayi na capacitor bukatar karin lokaci cajin da sallama. Wannan tsari daukan goma sau fiye da a tsaye version. Har ila yau, irin wannan yana da wani hasara a cikin abin da capacitors na tsawon sallama. Haka kuma, shi za a iya alaka da lantarki capacitance da kuma babban zuba halin yanzu.

Shi ne saboda rashin wannan irin karshe samu da sunan: da cajin rage-rage a kan lokaci, sabili da haka, akwai masu kuzarin kawo cikas. Duk da haka, duka bayanai da aka rasa, da capacitor iya gano a kan lokaci, ta haka ne tsawaita rayuwarsu. Don fara da mayar, dole ne ka taimaka lokaci ginshiƙi karatu. Yana shafi dukan Lines daga cikin memory tsararru. Wannan taron shirya processor ko ƙwaƙwalwar kula.

statics

Wannan irin memory transistors. SRAM ba ya bukatar dawo da, sabili da haka ta samo sunanta. Babban amfani da wannan memory - ta high gudun. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa ginshikai na kayyade triggers da kuma sauki dabaru ƙõfõfi, don haka don canjawa farko ba bukatar lokaci mai yawa.

Amma dole in sa sama da tsada da kuma m. Gaskiyar cewa transistors da suke triggers, ne yafi tsada fiye da a cikin ta farko nau'i na memory. Ba ya shafar su high kudin da kungiyar hanyoyin da yi. Har ila yau, transistors zauna da yawa sarari a kan wani guda guntu.

A tsaye RAM ne kusan ba a yi amfani da yau inji mai kwakwalwa. Yawancin lokaci aka sanya ga kungiyar superfast RAM, wanda zai iya cutar da wasan kwaikwayon na tsarin, wanda yana da wuyar gaske.

bayyanuwa ne m

Don externally gane iri kwamfuta memory dole kyau don mu gane su. A talakawan mai amfani ba zai iya yi da shi. Shi ne cewa idan muka ba su magana game da kayayyaki ga kwamfyutocin tebur da kwamfyutocin.

Duk da haka, yanzu za a iya classified dama iri RAM. Wasu daga cikin su suna yanzu amfani, wasu sun dogon daina bayyana a kasuwa, amma su har yanzu za a iya samu a cikin mazan tsara kwakwalwa. Kuma da yawa daga baya model sun fi tenacious newfangled zabin.

FPM

Wannan tsauri bazuwar damar žwažwalwar ajiya. Its aiki manufa ne mai sauki: shi samun sauri data daga wani page da cewa an yi amfani da a baya sake zagayowar. Wannan fasahar yayi dace da sunan da Fast Page Mode. Yanzu hadu da irin wannan "RAM" shi ne m, tun da shi aiki a matsayin farkon a matsayin tsakiyar 90s na karshe karni. Sa'an nan ta sahabbansa sun kasance 486 da kuma sabon Pentium.

Edo

Wannan shi ne wani memory, iri wanda ake kadan da aka sani. Ta baya aiki a matsayin mai yawa a shekarar 1995, kuma an shirya musamman domin farko processor Pentium. Ta zama ingantaccen baya version. Aiki lokaci guda a kan biyu ayyuka lokaci guda: ance gaba block a lokacin da ya tafi zuwa ga baya processor.

SDRAM

Very mai kaifin zabin RAM. Yana da haka azumi cewa shi iya hulɗa tare da mita da processor. A manufa na wani hadadden: guntu yana da sassa biyu. A lokacin aiki aiki, da farko na wanda ke magana da jemage, kuma a cikin wasu shirye-shiryen da wannan mataki. Wannan module zama mai farin jini a 1996. Sai ya fara rayayye amfani a tare da Intel. Ya quite hayayyafa, don haka SDRAM ya rare har 2001.

Wannan memory iri baya riska tare da ramuwa. Sai ya zama har sau uku da sauri fiye da FPM, da kuma sau biyu - da Edo. Aiki 133 MHz.

DDR

Wannan sigar inganta version na baya daya. Yana bayyana kawai a 2001. Babban canji yana da wani Agogon, amma kai tsaye zuwa aiki da kanta. Yanzu, a cikin wani aure sake zagayowar data yana daukar kwayar cutar sau biyu.

DDR2

A fili yake cewa wannan wani ci gaba da na baya version. Yana bayyana a cikin 2003, amma chipsets fitar sabõda shi har sai da wadannan shekara. Kamar baya DDR2 «ma'abũcin zumunta," iya aika da data sau biyu da Agogon sake zagayowar. Babban bambancin dake tsakanin biyu kayayyaki - modified Agogon mita, wanda aka samu saboda tsarin inganta. Wannan version ya rayu dogon tun yana da wasu flaws. Saboda ya karu mita ne m ja a kan aiwatar da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar.

DDR3

Wani ba kasa shahara memory - DDR3. Iri "operativok" yana nufin jerin SDRAM. Yana maye gurbin baya tsara. Amfani ga kwamfuta na'urorin, kazalika ga video memory.

Wannan wani zaɓi module ya zama mafi m: kubutar da up to 40% makamashi. Rage ikon gudanar ta hanyar amfani da 90-nm fasaha processor. A wannan yanayin, guntu an kerarre da biyu Ƙofar transistors, wanda shi ne kawai da alhakin yayyo igiyoyin.

Masifa shi ne cewa a koyaushe a cikin wannan lokaci juya modified. Ya key yanzu located sauran wurare, saboda haka, saita ƙwaƙwalwar zuwa DDR2, ba shi yiwuwa su sanya. Duk da haka, shi da aka yi don wani dalili. lantarki sigogi basu dace ba wadannan kayayyaki, don haka kamar yadda su hana erroneous saituna, canja wurin da key.

DDR4

New juyin memory. Nau'in SDRAM zo wani ma'ana ƙarshe. New module ga talakawa suka fito a 2014. Ya inganta mita halaye da kuma rage samar da wutar lantarki irin ƙarfin lantarki. Babban bambancin daga baya ƙarni: sau biyu, da yawan bankunan (16 raka'a).

Yanzu da bandwidth ne ma fi kyau, kuma zai iya rubuce isa kamar yadda 25 Gb / s. Kuma ɓullo da wani sabon fasaha da inganta AMINCI duk tafiyar matakai. A wannan memory na da processor - Intel Haswell-E / Haswell-EP.

RAMBUS

Wannan ne mai raba memory iri, da halaye na waxanda suke da quite high. Yana da aka ɓullo da a 1996. Ta yanke shawarar kai kamfanin Intel. "RAM" Ya juya waje sosai fiye da ta "abokan aiki". Yana samu lasisin da aka sani da damuwa. Daga baya da aka kafa da dama motherboards. Don su shi nuna kyakkyawan sakamako.

Yana da haka ya faru da cewa kafin ta saki, Intel ya gano wani kuskure, saboda wanda rasa game $ 100 miliyan. Yanzu wannan module yana da wuya amfani. Amma har yanzu shi ne a cikin PlayStation 2 da PlayStation 3.

Littattafan Rubutu

Ba kamar RAM ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya ga kwamfyutocin da inji mai kwakwalwa ne m kawai a cikin masu girma dabam da kuma sunayen. Saboda haka, maimaita duk na sama bai sa hankali. Don zaɓar da a koyaushe ga cewa na'urar, kana bukatar ka ma bincika dukan data kasance iri ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya ga littafin rubutu, sanin da karfinsu da motherboard da kuma magance farashin category.

A farko "RAM" for nouta aka saki a 2002. Shi ne mai model SO DIMM SDRAM. Yanzu ta riga ba zai yiwu ba a samu ko ina. Na yi aiki tare da wani mita na 100 MHz da 133 MHz. SO DIMM DDR bayyana kadan daga baya - a 2005. Shi ya zama wani tsari na girma fiye da iko. Na samu 266, 333 da kuma 400 MHz. Location key idan aka kwatanta da na baya model ya canza muhimmanci. SO DIMM DDR2, game da su "abokan aiki" daga baya tsara, ya kuma zama mafi iko: da matsakaicin mita har zuwa 800 MHz. Key canja sake amma for 1 mm, idan aka kwatanta da DDR, abu don rikice ba tare da karfinsu.

SO DIMM DDR3 shiga kasuwa a shekarar 2009. Location key shi ne matuƙa, daban-daban daga baya model, don haka bai gogu da duniya masu amfani a yanzu ba zai iya tafiya ba daidai ba. Matsakaicin mita wannan naúrar kai 1600 MHz.

Littattafan Rubutu canza, modified, kuma ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya ga su an kuma canja. A gaba module zama Micro DIMM DDR2. Its girma ya 1 GB, wanda ya isa ga mai amfani.

Yanzu halin da ake ciki tare da RAM Laptop ninki biyu. Gaskiyar cewa da yawa model da wani Hadakar tsarin, da kuma maye gurbin "RAM" ba zai yiwu. Saboda haka, bukatar kayayyaki ga noutom yanzu kadan. Waɗanda suke har yanzu bukatar kara ƙara na wucin gadi ajiya makaman, ciyar mai yawa lokaci zuwa sami mai kyau wani zaɓi.

Yanzu, domin a magance da kwamfuta igiyar ruwa da yanar-gizo da kuma ofishin aikace-aikace, shi zai zama isa 1GB "RAM". Amma yan wasa ya kamata dubi mafi m bambance-bambancen karatu. Alal misali, Kingston SO-DIMM DDR3 4GB PC10660. Akwai wannan aikin tiyata memory Laptop kusan 2 dubu rubles. A girma daga shi, kamar yadda sunan ya nuna, shi ne 4 gigabytes. Type - DDR3, da kuma agogo mita - 1333 MHz.

Daga cikin sauran kamfanoni da cewa samar da high quality-kayayyaki, akwai Samsung, Corsair, Hynix, wuce. Ga masu da tebur akwai wani iko sosai a zažužžukan, wanda aka musamman roko ga magoya na kwamfuta wasanni - Kingston HyperX fushi Red Series. A sa na "RAM" ya hada biyu kayayyaki na 4 GB. Type - DDR3, da kuma agogo mita - 1866 MHz. Farashin wannan RAM ne 3,500 rubles.