Marubuci, DiSSiDENT Soviet siyasa fursuna Marchenko Anatoliy Tihonovich: Biography, siffofi da ayyuka da kuma ban sha'awa facts

Marchenko Anatoliy Tihonovich - daya daga cikin mutane da yawa fursunonin siyasa a cikin Soviet zamanin, wanda ya mutu a yayin da hidima lokaci. Wannan mutumin ya yi yawa don kawar da kasa na siyasa tsananta. Don cewa ya biya farko 'yanci, sa'an nan rai Anatoliy Tihonovich Marchenko. Biography, lambobin yabo da kuma fun abubuwa game da marubuci - duk wannan za a tattauna a daki-daki, a cikin labarin.

A farko ƙarshe da gudun hijira

Anatoly aka haife shi a Siberia a shekara ta 1938. Mahaifinsa Railway ma'aikacin. A nan gaba marubuci sauke karatu daga 8th sa, bayan da ya yi aiki a cikin masana'antun man fetur, ma'adinai da kuma bincike expeditions. A farkon shekarar 1958, bayan da taro brawl cewa ya faru a ma'aikata 'dakunan kwanan dalibai, da aka kama shi. Marchenko Anatoly da kansa bai shiga da yaki, amma ya aka yanke masa hukumcin biyu da shekaru a kurkuku. A shekara daga baya, Anatoliy Tihonovich tsere daga kurkuku. Jim kadan bayan gudun hijira a cikin mallaka zo da labarai da sakinsa, kazalika da kau da wani laifi rikodin. An yi shawarar da Presidium Koli Soviet na Tarayyar Soviet. A lokacin daga shekarar 1959 zuwa shekarar 1960, Anatoly Marchenko yawo ba tare da takardun a kasar, kasancewa ciki tare da m jobs.

Kokarin barin Tarayyar Soviet, da sabon kama

Marchenko kokarin tserewa daga Tarayyar Soviet a cikin kaka na shekarar 1960, duk da haka, ya aka tsare a kan iyaka. A kotu yanke masa hukuncin shekaru 6 a gidan yari saboda cin amanar kasa. Yana faru Maris 3, 1961. Marchenko aka bauta wa wani magana a cikin harkokin siyasa sansanonin na Mordovia da Vladimir kurkuku. A karshe, ya fadi sharri, rasa jinsa.

Saba da Daniel Yu da kuma sauran

Anatoliy Tihonovich aka saki a watan Nuwamba 1966. Ya aka saki riga zafin a cikin gwagwarmayar nasu hakkin, da nuna jin abokin gaba na yanzu gwamnatin da kuma akidarsa, bauta masa. Anatoly Marchenko zauna a Vladimir yankin (Alexandrov), aiki a matsayin Loader. Duk da yake a cikin sansanin, sai ya sadu da Yuliem Danielem. Wannan marubuci ya gabatar da shi ga wakilan DiSSiDENT masana a Moscow.

New abokai, cikinsu da Larisa Bogoraz, ya nan gaba matarsa, Anatoly Tikhonovich taimake yi abin da ya ke har zuwa - don ƙirƙirar wani littafi a kan Soviet siyasa gidajen yarin da kuma sansanonin na 1960s. "My Shaida" da aka kammala a cikin kaka na shekarar 1967. Sun zama Popular a samizdat, kuma bayan wani lokaci aka buga a kasashen waje. Wannan aikin da aka fassara a cikin wani adadin harsunan Turai.

"My Shaida," kuma su price

Cikakken memoirs shaidar siyasa sansanin rafke komai bane illa kawayeniya, wanda aka rarraba a cikin Tarayyar Soviet da kuma a cikin kasashen yamma. Lalle ne, da yawa a lokacin yi imani da cewa zãlunci;, bude tashin hankali da siyasa danniya da amincewarsa a baya bayan mutuwar Stalin. Marchenko ya shirye su kama wannan littafi. Duk da haka, da KGB bai yi kuskure don samar da shi, marubucin ya shirya ya kore kasashen waje. Ko shirya wani umurnin a kan haramcin Marchenko Soviet dan kasa. Amma wannan shirin saboda wasu dalilai da aka ba gane.

Aikin jaridar ayyukan, sabon kwanakin

Anatoliy Tihonovich a 1968, da farko kokarin hannunsa a matsayin publicist. Babban batu da dama daga cikin ayoyin a cikin Genre na "bude haruffa" sun ba na mutum ba magani fursunonin siyasa. A wannan shekara, a kan Yuli 22, ya rubuta buɗaɗɗiyar wasiƙa zuwa lamba na kasashen waje da kuma Soviet jaridu. Yana ce da barazana da danniya na Prague Spring ta soja wajen. A 'yan kwanaki baya Marchenko aka kama a Moscow. A cajin da shi, shi ne a take hakkin da fasfo tsarin mulki. Gaskiyar cewa tsohon fursunoni ba su yarda su zauna a cikin babban birnin kasar a cikin wadannan shekaru. Agusta 21, 1968 Marchenko aka yanke masa hukumcin shekara guda a gidan yari. Ya yi aiki da magana a cikin Perm yankin (Nyrobsky Final sansanin).

A kan Hauwa'u na ta saki wani sabon hali da aka qaddamar da Anatoly Tikhonovich. Ya aka tuhuma da defamation Soviet tsarin "slanderous ƙirƙirãwa" fursunoni. A watan Agusta shekara ta 1969, Marchenko aka yanke masa hukumcin biyu da shekaru a sansani.

Bayan kwata 'yanci, a 1971, Anatoliy Tihonovich zauna a Kaluga Region (Tarusa), tare da L. Bogoras, wanda ta sa'an nan ya zama matarsa. Marchenko ya karkashin administrative dubawa.

A farko yajin cin abinci Marchenko

A 1973, gwamnati ta sake so in aika Anatoly kasashen waje. Ya aka tilasta rubuta wata sanarwa a kan ƙaura, barazana lokaci idan akwai gazawar. Wannan barazana da aka kashe a watan Fabrairu 1975. Marchenko Anatoly aka yanke masa hukumcin shekaru hudu na hijira saboda take hakkin dokokin administrative dubawa. Nan da nan bayan kai wannan shawara, Anatoliy Tihonovich yajin cin abinci da kuma gudanar da shi watanni biyu. Sa'an nan, ya aka fitar a Irkutsk yankin (Chuna kauyen).

Topics aikin jarida, MHG

Marchenko, ko da a cikin zaman talala, ci gaba aikin jaridar da kuma wallafe-wallafen da ayyukan. Ya bayyana cikin tarihin sabon hali bude da shi, kazalika da rakiyar wani m hanya a cikin littafinsa mai taken "Daga Tarusa zuwa Chuny", wanda aka buga a New York a shekarar 1976.

Wani maimaituwa theme halitta Marchenko aikin jarida ne hatsarori da cewa "Munich" manufar appeasement na Tarayyar Soviet a Yammacin mulkin demokra] iyya. Wannan aka daki-daki a cikin labarin, Anatoly Tikhonovich "Tertium datur - uku ba", halitta a shekarar 1976 tare da L. Bogoras. A mawallafa zarga da shugabanci a cikin abin da na farko da rabi daga cikin 70s wajen samar da dangantakar kasa da kasa. Su hamayya ba sosai da ra'ayin detente kamar yadda irin wannan, amma da na West na Soviet fahimtar wannan ra'ayin.

A May 1976, Marchenko aka hada a Moscow Helsinki Group (Moscow Helsinki Group), amma ya dauki wani aiki sashi a cikin aikin, a sashi saboda yana cikin gudun hijira, a wani bangare saboda sabanin ra'ayi dangane da Final dokar soma a Helsinki taron.

A farkon sabon littafin

Anatoly Marchenko aka saki a 1978 (yayin raka da ake tsare a karkashin dokar Soviet ne kunshe a cikin lokaci kamar yadda wata rana uku). Marchenko zauna a Vladimir yankin (Karabanovo), ya yi aiki a matsayin Stoker tukunyar jirgi. A tarihi tarin samizdat "Memory" (na uku edition, 1978) akwai wani tarin kayan sadaukar domin tunawa da shekaru goma a saki "ta ba da shaida." Bugu da kari, da 2nd babi na sabon littafin Marchenko aka sa a cikin shi, "Live matsayin dukan." Wannan aiki ya bayyana cikin tarihin halitta na "ta ba da shaida."

"Live kamar kowa" da kuma siyasa-jaridar articles

A farkon shekarar 1981 Marchenko Anatoly ci gaba da aiki a kan littafin, "Live matsayin dukan." Ya yi shirya domin da littafin da shi, rufe da zamani daga 1966 zuwa 1969. A lokaci guda Anatoliy Tihonovich Ya halitta a yawan articles na siyasa da kuma aikin jaridar mayar da hankali. Daya daga cikin su ne kishin da barazana da Soviet bakin soji a cikin harkokin Poland bayan juyin juya hali na "Solidarity".

Last kama Marchenko

Domin na shida lokaci Marchenko Anatoly aka kama Maris 17, 1981. Wannan kama shi ne na karshe a gare shi. Wannan lokaci, da hukumomin ba ya so ya ƙirƙira "ba siyasa" la'anta. Anatoliy Tihonovich aka zarge agitation da kuma farfaganda da Tarayyar Soviet. Nan da nan bayan kama shi, da Marchenko ce ya yi imanin da KGB da CPSU laifi kungiyoyi da ba zai shiga a cikin bincike. A farkon watan Satumba na shekarar 1981 da Vladimir Regional Kotun yanke masa hukuncin shekaru 10 a sansanonin, kazalika da m reference tsawon shekaru 5.

Andrei Sakharov, a kasida mai taken "Ajiye Anatoly Marchenko," da ake kira jumla "blatant tashin hankali" ga littafin game da Gulag (Marchenko gaya game da shi a cikin ta farko) da kuma 'undisguised fansa "for gaskiyan shi, Ya ɗaure a kan da' yancin kai na hali da kuma hankali.

A karshe shekaru ransa

Marubuci Marchenko Anatoliy Tihonovich hidima jumla a cikin harkokin siyasa sansanonin na Perm. A gwamnati ne kullum hõre shi zuwa dama. Marchenko aka hana rubutu da kuma ziyara, domin wata 'yar alamar zargi ya sa a cikin wata azãba cell. Yana da wuya a zo a cikin shekaru baya da wannan marubuci Anatoly Marchenko. mawallafin littafi, ba shakka, an dakatar. A watan Disamba na shekarar 1984, jami'an tsaro gilla doke Anatoly Tikhonovich. A watan Oktoba na shekarar 1985, domin "din take hakki na" Marchenko aka canjawa wuri zuwa ga mafi gindaya wani sharadi Chistopol kurkuku. Ga ya jira kusan cikakkiyar kadaici. A irin wannan yanayi, da yunwa zauna kadai yiwuwar juriya. A karshe na su, mafi tsawo (117 kwanaki duration), Marchenko fara 4 ga watan Agusta, 1986. Anatoly Tikhonovich umurni da aka kawo karshen rikici da fursunonin siyasa a tarayyar Soviet, su saki. Marchenko tsaya da yajin cin abinci 28 ga watan Nuwamba, 1986. A 'yan kwanaki bayan da cewa, ya ba zato ba tsammani zama da rashin lafiya. Ya aka aiko a kan Disamba 8 a cikin gida Anatoly Marchenko asibiti. Tarihinsa ƙare a wannan rana, da yamma. A sa'an nan cewa marubuci ya rasu. Bisa ga hukuma version, da mutuwa ya faru a sakamakon cardio-na huhu insufficiency.

Lashe AT Marchenko

Marchenko lashe, amma ba ya iya gano game da shi. siyasa sansanin jim kadan bayan mutuwarsa an shafe ta. Yana da aka ba kawai makawa abu, amma kuma da gaggawa, kamar yadda Daniyel ya ce. Disamba 11, 1986 Anatoliy Tihonovich aka binne shi a makabarta a Chistopol. Bayan kwanaki 5 (bayan A. Sakharov, kõre Academician, Mikhail Gorbachev ya kira) ya fara wani sabon lokaci a cikin tarihin kasar. Abin baƙin ciki, rayuwa ba jira Anatoly Marchenko awards. A shekarar 1988, ya aka posthumously sãka musu da Prize. Sakharov.

Ayyukansa ya fara da za a buga a mahaifarsa tun 1989. Anatoly Marchenko, wanda ya karanta littafi, kuma wannan rana ta dukan rai yaƙi da rashin adalci. Yana da wani haraji ga wannan mutum mai girma.