Macrophages - menene wannan?

Macrophages - me ke cewa halitta? Ko samuwar? Abin da suka kasance alhakin a jikin mu? Wadannan, kazalika da dama daga cikin wadannan al'amurra da kuma za a amsa a cikin labarin.

janar bayanai

Mononuclear phagocytes (ko macrophages) - shi ne wani rukuni na dogon-rayu Kwayoyin suke iya phagocytosis. Bã su da sallama mai yawa na kowa siffofin da ta sa su kama neutrophils. Kamar yadda macrophages - suna aiki mahalarta a cikin hadaddun kumburi da rigakafi da martani, inda suka yi aiki a matsayin secretory Kwayoyin. Ta yaya suka yi aiki? Macrophages, kamar neutrophils da diapedesis bar cikin jini da kuma fara je a kan ta hanyar - kewaya a cikin jini. Amma har an fuskantar a cikin kyallen takarda. Bayan da cewa akwai wani canji → monocyte macrophages. Kuma a cikin wuri na zuwa, za su yi su musamman ayyuka, wanda ya dogara a kan ilimin Halittar Jiki wuri. Yana nufin da hanta, huhu, da bargo da kuma baƙin ciki. A cikinsu za su iya tsunduma a kau da cutarwa barbashi da kuma kwayoyin daga jini. A cewa ba za su iya "kunna"? Kupffer Kwayoyin da mikroglievskie, alveolar macrophages, macrophages, saifa, Lymph nodes, bargo - wancan ne abin da suka canza.

aikin

A macrophages, jikin ta biyu babban ayyuka suna sanya wa da yi da daban-daban:

1. Kashewa corpuscular antigens. An tsunduma a abin da ake kira "masu sana'a" macrophages.
2. Absorption, aiki da kuma gabatar da antigen to T Kwayoyin. Wadannan ayyuka suna yin riga AIC. Wannan rage da ake amfani saboda da dogon sunan batu micro - antigen-gabatar Kwayoyin.

Lokacin da bargo na promonocyte kafa adult samuwar ne musamman mai yawa daga gare su fada (da kuma tsaya a can) a lymphocytes. Macrophages dogon lokaci da yin su aiki saboda da cewa shi ne a dogon-rayu Kwayoyin cewa sun ci gaba da mitochondria kuma m endoplasmic reticulum.

Read more game da ayyuka

Saboda haka mun sani cewa, kamar neutrophils, macrophages bar cikin jini, kuma za a fara aiwatar da wasu ayyuka. A general, kuma kullum mun riga tattauna. Yanzu bari la'akari da mafi scrupulously fiye da suke aikatãwa. Saboda haka, da suka samar da phagocytosis, samar da enzymes, sunadarai, Sera, prostaglandins, oxygen radicals, cytokines, leukotrienes. Bugu da kari, macrophages ma hannu da mugunya tsaka tsaki protease, acid hydrolases, lysozyme, arginase, a jam'i na enzyme hanawa, nucleoside da cytokines. Har ila yau, godiya ga su aka samar da mai amsawa oxygen jinsi, arachidonic acid. Kuma macrophage - shi ne mai factor kunna chemokines platelet. Ya kamata a lura da rawa a cikin halakar da ƙari Kwayoyin, da kuma lalata kwayuka parasites. A karshen, rawar da suka taka da muhimmanci sosai. Macrophages iya ci a cikin gagarumin Kwayoyin cewa suna ƙarƙashin rinjayar da anti-cyclones juya zuwa granulomas. Irin wannan tsarin zai shafi adadin samar interferon gamma.

rigakafi da rawa

Amma mafi girma hankali ya kamata har yanzu a biya su da yaki da protozoa, ƙwayoyin cuta da kwayoyin da cewa wanzu a cikin rundunar Kwayoyin. Aiwatar da shi ne saboda kasancewar bactericidal sunadaran mallaki by macrophages. Wannan take kaiwa zuwa da cewa su ne daya daga cikin mafi iko kayayyakin da m rigakafi. Amma dai ba duka. Suna tare ne T kuma B lymphocytes suna da hannu a cikin rigakafi martani. Bugu da kari, ba shi yiwuwa ba a lura da muhimmancin macrophages a rauni warkar, kawar da Kwayoyin cewa sun wanzu bayansa nasu, kuma a cikin samuwar atherosclerotic plaques. Su zahiri cinye cutarwa abubuwa a jikin mu. Wannan har ma da sunan. Saboda haka, a cikin Rasha fassarar "macrophage" - a "babban ci." Kuma ya kamata a lura da cewa wadannan Kwayoyin suna da gaske quite manyan.

Mene ne iri macrophages?

Saboda mun duba ilimi ne nama phagocytes, a sassa daban daban na jiki za ka iya saduwa da wani iri-iri na "canji". Idan muka yi la'akari da cikakken kome da kome, yana daukan lokaci mai yawa, don haka zai mai da hankali a kan mafi muhimmanci wakilan, kamar:

1. Alveolar macrophages. Cewa suna da hannu a cikin huhu da tsarkakewa daga iska inhaled da daban-daban cutarwa pollutants da barbashi.
2. Kupffer Kwayoyin. Suna located a cikin hanta. Yafi tsunduma a cikin halakar tsohon jini Kwayoyin.
3. Gistotsity. Suna zaune a cikin connective nama, saboda haka za ka iya samun ko'ina cikin jiki. Amma su sukan kira a matsayin "ba na gaskiya ba" da macrophages saboda gaskiyar cewa sun tsunduma a cikin samuwar cikin firam ga masu rinjaye na Tsarin na jiki, ba kawai halakar daban-daban cutarwa abubuwa.
4. Dendritic Kwayoyin. Suna zaune a cikin epithelium da submucosal.
5. Splenocytes. Su ne a sinusoidal jini na jiki da kuma tsunduma a cikin ganewa da kuma lalata rabu amfani da maikacin jini. Ba abin mamaki ba da baƙin ciki kira da hurumi na matattu ja jini Kwayoyin.
6. Peritoneal macrophages. Suna zaune a cikin peritoneum.
7. Macrophages na Lymph nodes. Inda suke zaune, shi a bayyane yake daga muƙamin.

ƙarshe

Yana wuya jikin mu. Yana kawaici a wani iri-iri amfani Kwayoyin, wanda yin rayuwar mu sauki. Su isklyucheniemi macrophages. Abin takaici, wani lokacin, ba su da isasshen kwarewa don yin rigakafi da tsarin aiki kamar yadda ake bukata. Kuma idan mutum ya zama m. Amma da manyan amfani da mu rigakafi da tsarin shi ne daidai abin da ta ke iya daidaita.