Ludwig Erhard: biography, photos, iyali garambawul. A Jamus tattalin arziki mu'ujiza Lyudviga Erharda

Ludwig Erhard, wanda biography za a tattauna daga baya, shi ne sanannu West Jamus dattaku. A 1963-66 gg. Ya kasance Tarayya Chancellor. Daga shekarar 1966 zuwa 1967 ya kasance na farko da shugaban na Kirista Democratic Union.

Ludwig Erhard: biography

Mahaifinsa Katolika, shi da uwarsa - a Protestant-Ikklesiyoyin bishara. Sakandare ilimi Lyudvig Erhard ya a Nuremberg da Furth. A lokacin farko Duniya, da ya yi yaƙi a cikin manyan bindigogi. A shekarar 1918, Erhard aka rauni. Saboda wannan rauni ya kamu da wani gagarumin atrophy na hagu. A ƙarshe daga cikin bakwai ayyukan ya aka ayyana m ga jiki aiki. Ludwig Erhard da iyalinsa tsunduma a kananan kasuwanci. Duk da haka, da raunin da ya zama wata babbar matsala ga ci gaba da aiki a cikin kamfanin na mahaifinsa.

jami'a karatu

A Nuremberg Cibiyar Ludwig Erhard soma nazarin tattalin arziki. Ya ci gaba da ilimi da yake da shi a Frankfurt University. Ambatar dalibi, Ludwig Erhard ce cewa ya ji sosai m, a wannan lokaci. Ba manta da sauti na murya, sai ya tafi wurin shakatawa inda magana da karfi a kansa. Karatu a Jami'ar Frankfurt, Erhard lura sosai matalauta ingancin koyarwa. A wannan batun, ya yi kira ga shugaban makaranta ta ofishin, inda ya aka rika samun Masana Frantsem Oppengeymerom. Ya tafi zuwa ga mutum. Daga lokacin da suka hadu da Ludwig Erhard zaton cewa Oppenheimer - daya daga cikin mafi kyau Jamusawa masana kimiyya suka dage farawa tushen wani sassaucin ra'ayi ganewarsu.

kai-da ilimi

Jim kadan kafin a fara girma mawuyacin Lyudvig Erhard suka tsunduma a kai-binciken. Wani lokaci daga baya, sai aka nada mataimakin darakta na Cibiyar bunkasa tattalin arzikin Research binciken a Nuremberg. A shekarar 1942 da bambance-bambance da Nazis tilasta masa barin ma'aikata. A shekara, Ludwig Erhard ya zama shugaban karamin bincike cibiyar. Yana da aka halitta da "na sarki kungiyar na masana'antu." Babban hankali ne ya biya zuwa ci gaba a cibiyar tattalin arziki da sake fasalin, da bukatar wanda aka zaci bayan fall na Nazi tsarin mulki.

Jihar aiki

Tun a watan Satumba na shekarar 1945, Ludwig Erhard yi aiki a matsayin ministan cikin Bavarian tattalin arzikin. Sa'an nan, ya zauna a kan matsayin shugaba na musamman sashen mu'amala da kudi da kuma bashi a cikin bauna. A May 1948, Erhard ya zama darektan tattalin arzikin Amirka. Back a shekarar 1946, ya fara magana game da bukatar sake fasalin a cikin tattalin arziki Sphere. Lyudviga Erharda sake fasalin da aka sanar a kan Yuni 18-20, 1948. A wannan yanayin, da dattaku da sirri aiki a kan walwalar a cikin tattalin arziki kansu a Jamus. Bisa ga American model, maimakon na Reichsmark aka gabatar a cikin wani barga kudin. A lokaci guda, Erhard soke Karkasa jihar shiryawa da kuma farashin dangane da mafi yawan kayayyakin. Saboda haka Enterprises a kasar samu 'yancin mataki. Duk da m juriya na Social Democrats, Erhard ci gaba da bi m matsayi bayar da shawarar da kudi da kwanciyar hankali.

Aikin yi a gwamnati na Jamus

Bayan samuwar kasar Erhard zama Ministan Tattalin Arziki a zamanin mulkin Konrad Adenauer. Ya kuma kasance magaji zuwa karshe tarayya kansila matsayi. Bayan da Korean War ya faru "Jamusanci mu'ujiza." Ludwig Erhard, ba da wuya halin da ake ciki a kasashen waje cinikayya, da aka tilasta wa yin sulhu akai da kuma illiberal hane-hane nema. Cost na raw kayan shigo da masana'antu a Jamus, girma da wani talakawan of 67%. A farashin kaya fitar dashi daga kasar - kawai 17%. Domin tabbatar da ci gaban tattalin arziki m ya zama dole to, ku kãmã kasuwanni waje da kuma fitar da shi daga wasu masana'antun. Idan jihar masana'antu a wancan lokaci ya tabbatar da uncompetitive, da tafi za kawai worsen da yanayin tattalin arziki da kansu. Ina sa ran wani sabon duniya yaki.

Wannan ya ba Yunƙurin tsoro, da kuma bayan shi - da mabukaci tashin hankali. Sa'an nan aiki tsakanin Chancellor Adenauer da ministan cigaban tattalin arzikin game da gardama. A rikici ya dauki wani fairly m sikelin, za bayan kunkuntar jam'iyyar iko. Asasshe cewa tafi Erhard yarda samun lokaci. Bayan haka, Jamus ya fara aiki da yaki da kanta. Barga tattalin arzikin da wani araha kudin da aiki kasuwa ya fara cika sarari a bukatar kayayyakin na kansa samar kaya. Saboda low haraji a Jamus ta GDP girma kudi a cikin tsakiyar karni na 20th, kai matakin qarshe a cikin dukan sa'an nan data kasance a cikin raya ƙasashe, yayin da matakin na farashin ƙaruwa - magangara mafi ƙasƙanci. Wadannan sake fasalin a cikin tattalin arziki kansu ya fara gina gidaje garambawul.

Ludwig Erhard: ritaya

A cikin shakka daga ta aiki, dattaku gaba daya watsi da magudi da jihar tsari, wanda sun Popular a Gabas da ake rayayye amfani da magabata a Jamus. Erhard kasa ne tsananin bayyana a matsayin jihar na Yammacin al'adu, tattalin arzikin kasuwanci. A shekarar 1963, Adenauer ritaya. Erhard ya zama sabon Chancellor na Jamus. Duk da haka, ya-gaskiya, wanda ya yi aiki da kyau a lokaci na kaifi sabani a karkashin murfin bayar da Adenauer, cikakken ba shige zama babban mayar da hankali da wani sabon zamanin. A shekarar 1966, a karkashin matsin lamba daga magoya bayansa, da ya tilasta yin murabus. Don ta sosai karshe 'yan kwanaki Erhard zauna a cikin Bundestags, mafi tsufa Mataimakin.

tarihi rawar da

Tattalin arziki da mu'ujiza Lyudviga Erharda sanya shi shahara dattaku ya zamanin. Da ya tilasta yin aiki a wani yanayi inda gwamnatin kutse a cikin tattalin arziki bangaren da aka fiye da real. Ya san cewa a zamanin da manyan rinjayar gurguzu ideas wajibi ne a yi amfani da mai fadi da kewayon matakan tabbatar da zaman kariya na yawan jama'a. Duk da haka, da key mayar da hankali na wanda shi ne ya ci gaba da ra'ayi Lyudviga Erharda, domin a tsare kudi zaman lafiya da kuma tattalin arziki da 'yanci. Kumbura, kuma centralism sun ta babban makiyan. Erhard so rage girman wani manifestations na statism. A lokaci guda, ya yi kokarin yaki da ikon juriya. Ya zaci cewa zai zama mai hikima a saka shi a kan ta gefen. Wannan shi ne ainihin jigon da dabarun, wanda ya zama sananne a matsayin zamantakewa kasuwar tattalin arzikin. Fifiko da aka bai wa shi a kasuwa inji, amma ba jama'a jindadin.

ƙarshe

Erhard ko da yaushe kokarin kamar yadda zai yiwu ga mafi cikakken bayyana ga yawan da bayani dalla-dalla na sake fasalin, wanda ya gudanar da, maimakon, kamar yadda shi ne al'ada a cikin karni na 20th, da aiwatar da demagoguery. Ya kasance a shirye don lallashe kowane dan kasa na Jamus, har irin wannan lokaci kamar yadda yake ba ya jin kunyar cewa ba ya goyon bayan} o} arin da ya umurcemu da gwamnati da ta kiyaye zaman lafiyar na kudin. CSU shugaban Strauss tuna cewa, da zaran ya zo ga wani kasuwar tattalin arzikin, a cikin Erhard farka gwaninta kamar yadda mai magana. Yana da sha'awa a kuma infects masu sauraro tare da su babbar sha'awa. Erhard ya iya shawo, ya sauri yana zuwa da kanta da kuma lashe amincewa daga cikin magoya bayan.