LOUVRE aiki: zane-zane, da mutummutumai, frescoes

The duniya shahara LOUVRE Museum janyo hankalin miliyoyin masu yawon bude ido a kowace shekara. Ayyukan da LOUVRE - shi ne daidai harhada tarin cewa ba ka damar gano dukan tarihin art. Akwai undeniable Masterpieces, wanda ya san kuma ganin a kalla sau daya a cikin rayuwarsa kowane mutum, iƙirarin da za a kafa.

LOUVRE tushe

Agusta 10, 1793 a karon farko ta bude kofofin zuwa daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci gidajen tarihi a duniya - da LOUVRE. A ra'ayin na samar da wani jama'a gidan kayan gargajiya tare da nuni da ayyukan art fito bayan Faransa juyin juya halin, lokacin da aka yanke shawarar saka da sarauta dukiya mai daraja a kan nuni. Daga ranar da juyin juya halin da kasa gwamnatin fara kwace ayyukan art daga aristocracy, don haka shi ne farkon da gidan kayan gargajiya ta tarin. A kawai 'yan shekaru da shi ya tattara babban adadin dabi'u, domin su daukan hotuna da wani mai fili ginin, wanda ya zama tsohon castle.

LOUVRE gini

LOUVRE ayyukan bukatar mai yawa sarari, kuma da idanu na shirya na gidan kayan gargajiya ya juya zuwa ga babban komai fada a tsakiyar Paris. Wannan gini yana da dogon tarihi. A zuciya na LOUVRE ne babban hasumiyar da aka gina a 1190. Its manufa ne zalla utilitarian - daga tsawo da aka sanya idanu ga gabatowa Vikings. A 1317, Charles na biyar sa da castle kamar yadda gidansa, a nan ma ya koma cikin taskar Paris. A lokacin da shekaru na aiki na haihuwa hasumiya ne dilapidated, kuma aka rushe, da karin cewa castle rasa ta tsaron gida aiki, kuma ya kasance mai sarauta mazauni. Francis na farko a 1546 ƙaramar danƙa da aiki ga Pierre Lescot. Da shi shi ne aikin sake gina castle, sa shi a cikin wani real fada a gaban shi. A zanen kawo shawara ga shirya wani square tsakar gida, uku tarnaƙi daga wanda aka yi wa ado da na marmari sauran kuma na huɗu - da bude hanya zuwa cikin gari. Lokacin da m na rayuwa gudanar ya gama gina kawai yamma reshe, wanda a yau ake kira da sunansa. Ya aikin ya zo wurin rayuwa a 1555, kuma ya kasance wani m misali na Renaissance gine. a 1594 Henry IV ya yanke shawarar cewa ka buƙatar haɗi da LOUVRE zuwa da Tuileries Palace. A cikin shekaru 1655-1670 Lui Prevo yana faɗaɗa Palace, kuma Yanã ƙãra fourfold. Lokacin da Louis XIV gabashin facade aka sanya colonnade, shi janyo hankalin mai yawa ga sanannun Turai gine-ginen, amma a 1682 hasarar sha'awa a cikin aikin da kuma motsa wurin zama a Versailles. Kusan a shekara ɗari LOUVRE komai, dilapidated, kuma ko da a can da ra'ayin ta rushe. Louis XV yayi tunani don ƙirƙirar wani gidan kayan gargajiya a fādar, ya ra'ayin da aka aiwatar bayan juyin juya hali.

Karkashin Napoleon da farko gina arewacin facade, da kuma a 1853 da dukan da LOUVRE hadaddun aka kammala. A 1891 da kuma kafa siffar na fada, abin da muka gani a yau. A karshe manyan gine-gine da sake fasalin kudin ya faru a shekarar 1989, lokacin da gilashin dala da aka gina a farfajiya na American m IO Ming PEEM - main ƙofar zuwa cikin gidan kayan gargajiya.

LOUVRE collections: tarihi da ka'idodinta

A farko ayyukan LOUVRE fara tara ko lokacin Louis XIV, wanda a da ruhun lokaci ya fara haifar da art tarin. Dalili na tarin kunshi zane-zane ta hanyar Italian artists, ya sayi Francis na farko. Louis XIV sayi manyan tarin zane-zane (200 zane-zane) a cikin banki toads. Sarki ne ko da yaushe neman wata damar cika da tarin. Ya kara asusu na nan gaba gidan kayan gargajiya zuwa 2,500 zane-zane, an samu daban-daban guda na art. Bayan juyin juya hali, da gidan kayan gargajiya tarin fara a bayansa da daga kwace dukiya. A LOUVRE Museum da aka canjawa wuri zuwa asusu na sassaka. A lokacin Napoleonic nasarar LOUVRE kudi rayayye a bayansa da ta kofuna da dama, saboda archaeological tono a Misira da kuma Gabas. Har ila yau, management na gidan kayan gargajiya, tare da kansa kudi, na aiki a kan zabin da kuma sayan ayyukan art. The tarin ba a kafa spontaneously, selection na ayyukan art ne m da darajar, kawai Masterpieces zo da LOUVRE. Mutane da yawa gagarumin haraji gãdar da LOUVRE tarin. Saboda haka, a 1936, da gidan kayan gargajiya samu a kyauta tarin graphics na Baron Edmonda Rotshilda a cikin adadin fiye da 45 dubu farfado. Har ila yau, mai girma da hankali ne da aka ba ganawa Faransa na kasa art. Yau, a cikin LOUVRE, akwai game da 400 farfado da tarin ci gaba da za a kafa. A dangane da ci gaban da kudi a karshen cikin karni na 20th fara aiki redistribution na ayyukan art tsakanin gidajen tarihi a Faransa. LOUVRE iyaka mujiya tarin ranar 1848, kuma mafi kwanan nan zane-zane tarwatsa zuwa wasu tarin.

Yau da gidan kayan gargajiya ta tarin ne conventionally kasu kashi kungiyoyin: ma'adanin na zamanin d Gabas, zamanin d Misira, tsoho duniya, Islamic art, zanen, zane, da kuma zane-zane da sana'o'i.

Art na Ancient Duniya

Mafi yawa daga cikin gidan kayan gargajiya tarin kunshi abubuwa na zamanin d art. Ayyukan da LOUVRE a sashen na zamanin d art wakilta da dama yankuna. A babbar ɓangare na tarin kunshi abubuwa samu a lokacin tono a Misira, kuma shi ne wani shahararren adadi na Ramses II, da sassaka "Zaune cat", sphinxes, sarcophagi, kumar kasko, ado da yafi, ciki har da bango zane-zane, reliefs, ciki abubuwa. Art na Ancient Orient ne mai tarin ayyukan art Mesopotamian al'adu, Iran, da Rum.

Masterpieces na tsoho sassaka

Dalili na sassaka tarin kunshi saye da Louis XIV. Yau a cikin gidan kayan gargajiya ta tarin ne gaskiya Masterpieces, kamar da "Venera Milosskaya" - a sassaka cewa janyo hankalin masu yawa baƙi. Sau da yawa shi ne ganin wannan fitacciyar, yawon bude ido zo da LOUVRE. Wani gagarumin aiki na zamanin da ne sassaka "Nika Samofrakiyskaya", wanda aka samu da kuma mayar da su zuwa Paris a Faransa tarihi Shampuazo. The Roman lokacin da aka wakilta wani babbar dama da mutummutumai, Bas-reliefs, pedestals. Yard na zamanin d sassaka a cikin LOUVRE, sunlit ta cikin gilashin rufin, kyale su kũtsa a cikin duniyar jituwa da kammala.

Legacy of Leonardo Vinci

A musamman janye don yawon bude ido da kuma art masoya ne zanen "Mona Lisa". A cikin gidan kayan gargajiya da yawa zo ne kawai don ganin ta m murmushi. Amma wasu fiye da haka, LOUVRE alfahari hudu sauran ayyukan da babban Masters. Babu kasa gagarumin, amma dan kadan kasa da kyau a san shi ne aikin da "Virgin na Rocks." Wannan aikin da aka halitta a cikin 80s na 15th karni, an located in sarauta tarin a 1625. An bambanta da mai kyau sayen magani mai faɗi bayan da haruffa, a nan marubucin yayi kokarin da dabarun da aka daga baya cikakken nema a rubuce "Mona Lisa". "Virgin na Rocks" - wannan shi ne na farko version na aiki a kan wannan batu, na biyu version ne a London Museum. Har ila yau da LOUVRE ne gaskiya alfahari da irin ayyukan da suna "Vertical na wata budurwa," "Madonna da kuma Child da St. Anna "da" Ioann Krestitel. "

Masterpieces na duniya litattafansu

LOUVRE - daya daga cikin mafi girma da gidajen tarihi a duniya, da kuma daukaka, ba shakka, dokoki ne a fitacciyar na planetary sikelin. Wadannan sun hada da, na farko, kuma farkon, "Mona Lisa" by Leonardo Vinci, amma kuma za ka iya ganin seminal aikin Teodora Zheriko "The katakon ninkaya na Medusa", da dama ayyukan Zhaka Davida, musamman, "The coronation na Napoleon". Rare aikin I. Bosch ta "Ship na wawaye" ne ma wani dutse mai daraja na gidan kayan gargajiya ta tarin. LOUVRE ne farin ciki mai na canvases S. Botticelli, Raphael, Memling H., A. Dürer da yawa wasu. A sashen na sassaka undoubted hits ne biyu ayyuka da Michelangelo: "Mutuwa Bawa" da kuma "The insurgent bawa".

Faransa art

The tarin kasa art a LOUVRE wakiltar duk lokaci da kuma iri na kerawa. The tarin yawa Masterpieces, wadannan sun hada da, misali, da zanen Ezhena Delakrua, "Liberty Jagoranci da Mutane." Yana daidai ake bayyana yanayi da cewa rinjaye a kasar a lokacin juyin juya halin. Ta zama wata alama ce da sabon art da kuma Jamhuriyar. Roba art na kasar ne ya wakilci, ciki har da adadi na wani Greek dan wasa na marmara. "Milo na Croton da zaki" - gagarumin aikin da Faransa sculptor Pierre Puget a cikin style na zamanin d Masters. Aiki m expressiveness da kuma ikon da tausaya. "Milo na Croton zaki" ya nuna fage na m wahalar 'yan adam, da ƙarfin da wani dan wasa da kuma ruhunsa.

graphics

A cikin hoto tarin na LOUVRE samuwa Bole 130 dubu farfado. Har wadannan dakuna kullum ba su isa yawon bude ido a nan ne gaskiya connoisseurs. Lalle ne, a cikin LOUVRE tarin littattafai masu yawa, da zane, kwafi mafi kyau marubuta a duniya. Ciki har da zane H. Rembrandt, Jean Chardin, Delacroix.

Arts and crafts

A musamman girman kai na gidan kayan gargajiya ne mai tarin arts da sana'o'i. Abubuwan ado, kayan ado, kayayyaki, kayayyakin daga lokuta daban-daban aka gabatar a dama da dakuna na LOUVRE. A farko ja hankalin masu Napoleon III Apartments. Ga cikakken kãyan da kuma ado na bukukuwan zauren a cikin style of Louis ta goma sha huɗu da ta goma sha biyar. Nan za ka iya ganin wata marmari furniture, jita-jita, gida ado. Amma kuma wani gidan kayan gargajiya yana da kyau kwarai misalai na makamai da kuma ado na Restoration da mulkin Napoleon da farko. Na da babban amfani ne da tarin kayayyakinsa, abubuwa na ado da kuma ado sau na Gothic, Baroque, Italiyanci da kuma Faransa Renaissance. Furniture tarin a LOUVRE ne daya daga cikin mafi kyau a duniya.

Abin da ya gani

Don ganin dukkan farfado da LOUVRE, bai isa ba ga 'yan watanni, da kuma idan binciki hankali, da kuma shekaru da dama. Amma a lokacin da ba za ka iya ba za a bai wa gidan kayan gargajiya kamar yadda da yawa lokaci kamar yadda ka bukatar ka yi tunani game da hanya da kuma amsa tambaya cewa ba za ka iya rasa? Akwai ci gaba a yawon shakatawa na LOUVRE, wanda zai gani da abu mafi muhimmanci. Domin yawon bude ido suna garaje a cikin babban gidan kayan gargajiya Masterpieces housed a farko dakunan a ƙofar, kuma akwai na musamman da ãyõyinMu, ba don rasa. Amma wasu ayyuka na kirki da hankali, an sanya a dace sassan, don haka Ezhena Delakrua zanen "Liberty jagorantar Mutane", shi ne a cikin tarin Faransa art. Saboda haka kana bukatar ka nemi hanya a kan gidan kayan gargajiya kewaye da samun 'yancin dakin. Makircinsu bayar a ƙofar kyauta a harsuna da dama, ciki har da Rasha.

Domin ba su samun rasa a cikin sararin sarari da kuma ganin abu mafi muhimmanci, ba za ka iya amfani da wani musamman jerin manyan Masterpieces, wanda sun hada da: da mutum-mutumi na "Venera Milosskaya", wani sassaka na tsufa - "Nika Samofrakiyskaya" zanen "Grande Odalisque" by J. Ingres da kuma "The Lacemaker" J. Vermeer, Leonardo Vinci, da mutum-mutumi na Ramses II.