Litattafai da cinema sune ƙungiyoyi biyu na fasaha

Cinema da wallafe-wallafen su ne siffofin fasaha waɗanda ba a haɗa su da juna ba. Daya daga cikinsu ya samo asali ne a zamanin d ¯ a. Sauran ya kasance a ƙarshen karni na sha tara. Duk da haka, littattafai da kuma fina-finai suna da dangantaka mai zurfi, ba ta raunana ba har ma a cikin shekarun fasahar kwamfuta. Menene ƙarfin wannan kawance?

Wallafe-wallafe da kuma gabatarwar

Wani mutum daga cikin karni na XXI yana cikin gaggawa don rayuwa. Ba shi da lokaci don tattaunawa da yawa. Yana buƙatar samun lokaci don yin aiki, samun sabon sana'a, samun wani sabon fasaha. A wasu kalmomi, don gina rayuwa a hanyar zamani.

Karanta aikin girma uku na classic? Don me? Duba hotunan fim ɗin zai dauki fiye da sa'o'i biyu. Wannan aikin, ba kamar karantawa ba, zai dace da saurin rayuwa. Duk da haka, aikin masu gudanarwa da masu rawar gani ba su nuna ba. Littattafai da cinema ba su rasa tabawa ba. Wani sabon nau'i na fasaha zai iya farfado da sha'awar abin da ya faru a zamanin da.

Movies yana ƙarfafa karanta littafi

Cinematographers da yau sun juya zuwa ayyukan ayyukan wallafe-wallafe. A cikin 'yan shekarun da suka wuce, ba a canza wani fim ba. Bisa labari na Dostoevsky, misali, wata fairly sanannun darektan dauki wani talabijin jerin. Abin mamaki shine, masu wallafa suna wallafa littafin nan "Idiot" a manyan bugu. Bayan kallon jerin, mutumin zamani, duk da rashin lokaci kyauta, ya fara karanta Dostoevsky.

Misalan nunawa, da tallata tallace-tallace a kasuwa na kasuwa, mai yawa. Amma don fahimtar abin da dangantakar littattafai da cinema, yana da daraja tunawa inda ta fara. Wanene kuma a lokacin da aka fara yin amfani da fasahar kayan aiki don ƙirƙirar fim din?

Ana fitar da hotunan wasan kwaikwayo

Cinema an halicce shi a cikin karni na XIX. Amma fim na farko ya fito daga baya, a 1927. Cinematography ya zama, kamar yadda Bulgakov ta yin nazarin kare sanya shi, kawai consolation ga mata. Amma ba kawai a gare su ba. Cinema ta sami karbuwa mai yawa.

Shirye-shiryen allon na aikin fasaha, ganin danganta irin wannan nau'i na wallafe-wallafe da cinema, ya zama wani nau'i mai mahimmanci. Gudanarwa da masu rubutun ra'ayin rubutu sun juya zuwa abubuwan kirkiro. A cikin 1902, an kaddamar da wani ɗan gajeren fim wanda aka tsara akan aikin Zola.

Ko da kafin zuwan sauti mai tsabta, masu gudanarwa sun fara yin fim din shahararren marubucin Rasha. A cikin 1909, Peter Chardynin ya gabatar da masu sauraro ga fassarar mawalla na Dead Souls. Duk da haka, idan muna magana game da "wallafe-wallafen Lissafi a Cinema", zamu iya fada wasu kalmomi game da dacewar labarun Pushkin.

Shawarwarin cinikin hoto

Har zuwa 1917, kusan dukkanin ayyukan babban marubutan Rasha ne aka halitta. Muna magana, ba shakka, game da bincike. Sifofi na farkon farkon karni na ashirin basu da yawa a cikin zamani. Maimakon haka, sun kasance wasu labarun zane-zane.

A lokacin da ake yin fim din, masu yin fina-finai sun juya zuwa rubutun Pushkin, wanda zai iya kasancewa ne saboda gabatar da sabon fasaha. Cinema na bukatar sunan da aka sani a ko'ina cikin Rasha. Kafin juyin juya halin, kamfanonin fina-finai masu zaman kansu ke aiki a kasar. Bayan shekara ta goma sha bakwai, an dakatar da ayyukansu. Duk da haka, fina-finan da aka tsara a kan Pushkin ya ci gaba da yin halitta a lokuta masu wahala ga Rasha.

A cikin tarihin sauye-sauyen Soviet akwai lokuta da shiru. Alal misali, a zamanin da Khrushchev ta narke damuwa daya kawai film, dangane da ayyuka da Pushkin - "The Captain 'Yar."

Leo Tolstoy

A karo na farko, 'yan fina-finai na gida sun yi kokarin fassara War da Peace a cikin fuska a 2015. Sa'an nan kuma masu jagorancin kasashen waje sun yi wahayi daga aikin Tolstoy. A cikin daya daga cikin abubuwan da suka dace, Audrey Hepburn ya taka rawar Natasha Rostova. Amma menene fina-finai na Amurka, ko da mafi kyawun kyauta, na iya sanin game da ruhun Rasha? Daraktan Hollywood ba zai iya ba da ruhun halayyar irin wannan labari na Leo Tolstoy ba. Saboda haka ma'aikatan al'adu na Soviet sun gaskata. Don haka suka yanke shawarar yin fim bisa ga littafin marubuci mai girma. Kuma daidai yake da wannan gyaran fim din a kan wasu sharuddan da yawa, cinema ta duniya ba.

Fim din, wanda ya ƙunshi littafin Guinness Book Records

An zabi Sergei Bondarchuk a matsayin direktan fim. Daga cikin asusun da aka ba da talatin talatin (ruwanci). Masu zane-zane sun fara aiki a kan zanen kayan ado da kayan ado. Marubucin rubutun ya nazarin ilimin wallafe-wallafe, litattafan Tolstoy, sojan soja da kuma kayan tarihi. Yawancin watanni don barin aiki. An harba harbi da matsalolin da yawa. Kusa a farkon aikin ya sauya sau da yawa.

Rubuce-rubucen Rasha a cikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa na da tarihi mai ban sha'awa. Amma ba, ba kafin ko kuma bayan haka, harbi a kan kayan fasaha ba haka ba ne. Bisa ga yawan taurari, fim "War and Peace" ba shi da daidaito a tarihin.

Fyodor Dostoevsky

An fara yin fina-finan fim na farko a kan mawallafi a 1910. Bayan kwata na karni na baya "Labarin Petersburg" ya bayyana, yana wakiltar wata cakuda "Netochka Nezvanova" da "White Night". Sa'an nan Dostoevsky ya halicci zane-zane a Faransa, Japan, Italiya. Amma game da gidan wasan kwaikwayon na gida, babu wani labaran da ba ya haifar da rikice-rikice da kuma muhawara game da hanyoyin fassarar a kan allon, kamar yadda marubucin ya kirkiro "littafi guda biyar".

Fiction a cinema na zamanin Soviet shine, na farko, dacewa da labarun Dostoevsky, litattafan, da litattafai. Ayyukansa suna da matukar damuwa da yin wasa da su a cikin yanayi mai aiki a matsayin babban darajar. Ga masu fina-finai, daidaitawar "Idiot" ko wani aiki na Dostoevsky ba kawai canja wurin mãkirci zuwa fim din fim din ba. Wannan wata dama ce ta ba wa masu kallo hangen nesa na ra'ayoyin marubucin.

Littafin litattafai

Ƙungiyar wallafe-wallafen da Cinéma ta rushe fiye da sau ɗaya a cikin ƙoƙarin yin fim din "Masters da Margarita".

Bulgakov shine marubutan Rasha mafi ban mamaki. An ce da yawa game da mummunar tasirin da ke tsananta wa 'yan wasan kwaikwayon da suka buga jaridun na littafin. An dakatar da yin fim na littafin Bulgakov, a matsayin mai mulki. Kammalawa ya fara ne kawai direbobi biyu.

Wataƙila dukan abu yana a cikin mysticism kewaye da marubucin. Ko kuma, watakila, akwai sassan ilimin ɗan adam wanda littattafai da cinema ba har yanzu suke shiga ba? Abinda ke ciki na Bulgakov a yau ba shi da dacewar fim, wanda zai dace da asali. Babu wani darektan da zai iya nuna yanayi na al'ummar Moscow, lalacewar Master, da wahala na Margarita, dabaru na Koroviev da Behemoth, don haka hotunan fim din sun kasance daidai da ƙarfin abin da mai karatu yake fuskanta. Amma don cewa ba'a yarda da cewa Bulgaria ba shi da batun yin gyaran fina-finai ba.

"A zuciyar mutum, ba kare ba ..."

A 1987, a cikin daya daga cikin mujallu da aka wallafa aka buga labarin "Dog Heart". A shekara daga baya , Vladimir Bortko fara harbi da fim a kan samfurin Bulgakov. Sakamakon aikin darektan, 'yan wasan kwaikwayo masu ban sha'awa da kuma sanannen marubuta shine mafi kyawun allon labaran wannan marubucin a tarihin cinema.

Daraktan ba ya motsa wannan shirin ba. Ya halicci tsarin hotunan da ya shafi bincike na Bulgakov. Sharikov ba zai zama mai ban sha'awa ba mai ban sha'awa, kuma idan a cikin halittar halinsa, mai rubutun rubutun da mai gudanarwa sunyi amfani da rubutu kawai.

An kara kallo. A cikin halittar fim, darektan ya hada da Julia Kima. Mawãƙi ya rubuta ayoyi don waƙoƙin da masu halartar suka yi a taron, don haka Preobrazhensky ba ya so. Kim kuma shi ne marubucin alamar chastooshkas, wanda, a haɗe tare da raye-rayen Sharikov, ya jagoranci farfesa a cikin jihohi maras sani. "Har yanzu yana rawa ne?" Farfesa ya tambayi murya mai rauni. Amsar sakon ba a cikin tarihin Bulgakov ba. Mawallafiyar fim din ya kaddamar da wadannan kalmomin da wayar da kan jama'a, da haushi da hasken kimiyya na duniya ke fuskanta a sakamakon sakamakon gwajinsa.

Wanene Sharikov? Wannan ba mutum ne da ke da kare kare, kamar yadda Dokta Bormental ya sanya shi. Sharikov wani mai ban tsoro ne da zuciyar mutum. Kuma a cikin wannan, bisa ga Preobrazhensky, shi ne dalilin da mummunan sakamako na aiki.

Sharikov ya haifar da sabuwar duniya ta ƙiyayya da tsohon. Shi ba shi da ilimi, m da kuma categorical. Ya bayyana ra'ayi game da gyaran tattalin arziki da ya dace a takaitacciyar taƙaitaccen bayani: "Ku ɗauki kuma ku raba." A cikin fim din fim na Bulgakov ba zai kasance mai kyau ba, idan ba don wasan kwaikwayon mai wasan kwaikwayon ba, karin abubuwa masu ban mamaki. Daraktan ya ba da ruhun lokaci, abin da ake kira lalacewar, yanayi na masifar. Halin da ya faru bayan zamanin juyin juya hali ya kuma kawo shi ta hanyar kiɗa da ke haifar da bango a hoton.

Sholokhov

A cikin marubuci mai basira, ƙananan ƙananan hali zai kai ga matakin jarumi mai cikakken gaske. A cikin littafin "Quiet Flows the Don" akwai kawai waɗannan haruffa. Sholokhov wakilin wakilci ne na wallafe-wallafe. Amma bai "daukar hoto" abin da ya gani ba. Hanyar da marubuci ya jimre da kwarewa kuma ana iya kwatanta takardu a takarda da fasaha na mai zane. Kuma mafi mahimmancin marubuci, mafi wuya ga mai gudanarwa ya fassara fassararsa akan allon.

Sergei Gerasimov gudanar ya halicci mai kyau karbuwa daga cikin Romana Sholohova. Daga bisani, ƙoƙarin wasu masu fina-finai don ɗaukar hoton "Quiet Flows Don" ya haifar da mummunan fushi na masu sukar fim da rashin jin kunya ga masu sauraro. Cinema tana hade da wallafe-wallafen. Sai kawai idan rinjayen darektan ba ya da mahimmanci ga kyautar marubucin kyautar marubucin littafin, don daidaitaccen abin da yake ɗauka.

Vasily Shukshin

Rubutun wannan marubucin yana da sauki kuma kusa da mai karatu mai sauƙi. Shukshin ba wai marubucin ba ne, amma kuma mai rubutun littafi ne, darektan, mai wasan kwaikwayo. Saboda haka ya san fiye da sauran masu fina-finai, yadda tasirin da ke tsakanin irin waɗannan abubuwa da wallafe-wallafen da kuma fina-finai.

Yara a yau suna da wuya su fahimci dalilin da ya sa ya karanta littafi, idan akwai fim. Irin wannan ra'ayoyin game da wallafe-wallafen zai haifar da gaskiyar cewa ba da da ewa littafin zai zama abin wuya ba. Wani abu mai ban sha'awa da mara amfani. Shukshin ya yi imanin cewa babu wani gyaran allo wanda zai maye gurbin aikin Tolstoy, Dostoevsky, Gogol. Hanyoyin cinema da wallafe-wallafen, a cikin ra'ayi, ba su daidaita ba. Cinematography hoto ne. Amma mutum mai karatun zai iya yin la'akari da rinjayar mai gudanarwa.

Labaran littattafai a cikin finafinan wasan kwaikwayon shine batun da aka ba da yawa ga bincike. Wadannan wurare suna da dangantaka tsakanin juna. Amma wallafe-wallafen na iya wanzu ba tare da daidaitawa ba Maimaitaccen hoto, duk da haka, ba tare da rubutaccen tsari ba zai wakilci wani nau'i na nishaɗi. Koda fina-finai akan batutuwa na ainihi an bayar da zargi ne kawai idan an halicce su bisa ga ka'idodi na gargajiya.