Lifecycle fern: mataki, da matakai na da jerin da kuma bayanin

Ferns bayyana a Duniya da yawa da suka wuce. A zamanin da ya yiwu, ka sadu da gandun daji na itacen ferns. Don kwanan wata, irin manyan tsire-tsire da ya rage sosai kananan. Ferns zama mafi ado da kuma na cikin gida. Su kyau da kuma unpretentious, za a iya amfani da su tsara shirin shimfidar. Tsire-tsire suna m da kuma ban sha'awa.

Tatsũniyõyi ne na fern

Fern - m shuka. Tare da bayyanar ne saboda da yawa kyau Legends. A daya daga cikinsu, wata shuka samu daga allahiya na soyayya - Venus, kika aika da gashi sau daya, daga wanda ya yi girma ferns.

Mafi shahara labari - wani labari na flowering fern. Ya furta cewa,, idan na shuka a flower da kuma gani, kafin mutumin ya bude asiri na yadda za a samu taska a kan Ivana Kupala dare. Duk da haka, a lokacin da nazarin ya bayyana cewa labari za a iya aiwatar a zahiri, saboda fern yana da wani rai sake zagayowar matakai na flowering.

A mafi girma da ƙananan ƙungiyoyi na shuke-shuke

Tsire-tsire suna zuwa kashi babba da ƙananan ƙungiyoyi. Suka sãɓã wa jũna a tsakãninsu mazauninsu. Higher shuke-shuke "daga" a kan ƙasa da kuma ciyar da rayuwar sake zagayowar a duniya. Wadannan shuke-shuke suna ferns. A terrestrial shuke-shuke gabatar da wani sarari rabo a cikin tushen, kara da ganye.

Duk da haka, wanda zai iya shakka cewa ferns gaba daya gusa daga cikin ruwa habitats, kamar yadda su aiwatar da haifuwa ne da hannu da kuma free-rai gametophyte zama dole domin hadi maniyyi iya kawai wanzu a wani ruwa-ruwa matsakaici.

bayyanar

Daga cikin tsari na ferns yada a duniya. Bã su da wani daban-daban na waje bayyanar ganye, tsabtace muhalli unpretentious, tare da mafi girma soyayya m gona.

Fern yana Tushen, kara da ganye. Tsaba da ba. A ciki gefen da takardar a kasa ana shirya a pouches spores, sporangia. fern ganye suna kira "frond", da ba su son sauran shuke-shuke bar. Su duba yadda idan 'yan Sprigs sa a daya jirgin sama da kuma a haɗe zuwa da kara. Su launi na iya bambanta daga haske kore zuwa duhu kore.

Fern, ban da tushen tsarin kunshi da fronds, kuma Sorus induzii inda SORUS - a dam na sporangia, induziya - outgrowth kama laima da yake rufe SORUS.

A rayuwa ta sake zagayowar na mafi girma shuke-shuke

Data kasance a cikin ƙasa, kowace shuka ke kan hanyarsa. A rayuwa ta sake zagayowar daga wani fern - da motsi na da asalin rayuwa ga cikakken maturation da shuka, shi ne iya bada sabon rai. A sake zagayowar kunshi biyu bulan: jima'i da kuma asexual. Wadannan bulan aka ƙaddara poocherednost zamaninsu, shi ya auku via daya gametes - jima'i, na biyu - ta amfani da spores - sexless.

Tattara abubuwa masu kyau, gametes samar da wata diploid zygote, wanda ya ba Yunƙurin zuwa wani sabon ƙarni asexual. A asexual tsara haifuwa faruwa da spores. Haploid spores ba Yunƙurin zuwa jima'i tsara. Daya daga ƙarnõni, ko da yaushe ne Marinjãyi a kan wasu, da kuma sa up mafi da shuka rai sake zagayowar.

Matakai na rayuwa sake zagayowar na wani fern

Domin fitowan da sabon matasa rostochku bukatar da dama matakai. A rayuwa ta sake zagayowar daga wani fern - da totality of duk manzilõli, daga asalin rayuwa da kuma kawo karshen tare da balaga lokaci, a lokacin da shuka ya iya bayar da Yunƙurin zuwa wani sabon rai. A sake zagayowar ne mugun hali.

Fern lifecycle mataki shirya a wadannan jerin:

• Shawarwari.
• Gametophyte (zarostok).
• A kwai, da maniyyi.
• Zygote.
• Amfrayo.
• Sun shuka.

Lokacin da duk matakai ne cikakken, matasa shuka, to ci gaba da kuma karfafa, za su iya maimaita wannan sake zagayowar ga na gaba tsara da aka haife.

Asexual da kuma jima'i mataki a cikin kiwo tsari

Fern - sakamakon asexual tsara. La'akari da jerin da rai sake zagayowar daga wani fern.

Domin fara sabon rayuwa a cikin balagaggu shuke-shuke kamata bayyana a baya gefe na sheet spore sacs, wanda za a maturing spores. Lokacin da spores ne cikakke, jakar fashe da shi zai fada daga rigingimu a ƙasa. Ƙarƙashin rinjayar da iskar, za su yada a daban-daban kwatance da kuma a lamba tare da tati germinate. Wannan mataki yana da muhimmanci sosai, saboda ba tare da shi da shuka ba zai wanzu. A sakamakon haka za otrostochek - gametophyte - jima'i tsara fern. Its siffar shi ya dubi kamar zuciya. Wannan zuciya yana da wani tushe na bakin ciki zaren - rhizoids, wanda aka haɗe zuwa gona. Zarostok bisexual fern a kan shi ne kananan pouches: a daya balagagge kwai a cikin sauran - da maniyyi. Hadi faruwa da ruwa.

Tun zarostochek sosai kananan da kuma yana da irin wannan peculiar siffar, shi na taimaka wa m draining na tara ruwan sama da kuma tsare ta a kasa. Tare da wannan maniyyi iya iyo a cikin kwai da kuma takin da shi. A sakamakon haka, akwai wani sabon cell - a zygote, daga wanda amfrayo da aka kafa sporophyte - asexual sakamakon sabon zamani. Wannan tsakiya kunshi haustoria cewa bayyanar kama da kafar, tsiro a cikin zarostok, kuma karo na farko na amfani da shi da ake bukata domin ta ci gaba da abubuwa. Bayan wani lokaci, akwai wani farko leaf amfrayo, wanda shi ne mafarin wani fern.

Saboda haka, m asexual tsara, wanda yake ba da rai wani sabon da kuma manyan da kuma dogon-rayu shuke-shuke, da kuma jima'i ne tsara kananan da kuma azumi withering tafi a cikin rayuwar sake zagayowar na wani fern. A wannan yanayin, wajibi ne ga hadi.

Sake bugun daga ferns a gida

Ferns - ban sha'awa da kuma asali shuke-shuke. Saboda haka, da suka sukan tsunduma a namo a cikin gida. Don Fern rai sake zagayowar aka gaba daya da kuma samun wani sabon matasa shuka, shi wajibi ne don germinate da shawarwari. Adult leaf fern, abin da ya bayyana bags rigingimu - launin ruwan kasa bumps, yanke da kuma sanya shi a cikin wata takarda jaka. Wannan kunshin rike wata rana a cikin wani wuri dumi, girgiza lokaci-lokaci.

Duk da yake rigingimu nunarsa da kuma fada, cakuda aka yi tattali dõmin dasa. Take a steamed cakuda peat gansakuka, kore, yashi, kuma ana kara wa murƙushe gawayi, duk wannan da aka dauka a daidai rabbai. A shirye cakuda da aka aza fitar a cikin kududdufi tukwane Danna saukar da humidified.

Ripened da auku spores cire daga jakar da kuma zuba cikin shirye surface. Domin germination haifar da sharadi gwargwado:

• Da zazzabi yanayi: 25 digiri Celsius ne mafi kyau duka.
• Kasance da high zafi.
• Rufe da tukwane tare da gilashi.

Ruwa da tukwane daga sprinkler. Lokacin da watering prothallia da kulawa ta musamman, saboda m ci gaban da tsire-tsire ne kawai zai yiwu a gaban wani mai ruwa-ruwa matsakaici, inda hadi faruwa.

Da zaran na farko ganye bayyana, tsabtace gilashin. Sa'an nan kuma suna ba kadan lokaci zuwa daidaita zuwa ga yanayi da kuma nutse a cikin wani tsanya. Lokacin da ganye fara zuwa girma dan kadan, a farko kiyaye a cikin sanyi greenhouses sa'an nan dasa a cikin mutum tukwane. Kamar wancan samun sabon matasa shuke-shuke a shirye don girma da kuma ci gaba da kara.

Schematically nuna lifecycle

A da shuka yaduwa ta hanyar da dama, saukarwa. Schematic goyon bayan wannan batun bada shawarar ga tsabta, kuma mafi alhẽri haddar. La'akari data kasance fern rai sake zagayowar, wanda makirci ne da aka nuna a kasa:

1. Adult shuka, iya bada sabon rai.

2. fern ganye bayyana rigima.

3. nunarsa spore sacs.

4. A 'yar jakar bursts, da spores fada.

5. A cikin tati na muhawara da aka karfafa da kuma tsiro.

6. Kafa zarostok cewa via-rhizoid strands a haɗe zuwa ga ƙasa.

7. A halin yanzu da jam sel na namiji da mace: archegonium da antheridia:

• Al'aurar mata dauke da kwai.
• Male genitalia dauke da maniyyi.
• Hadi mai yiwuwa ne kawai a wani digo na ruwa.
• The maniyyi iyo da qwai da kuma samun ciki, hadi faruwa.

8. Ka sami kwan da ya hadu - a zygote. Daga cikin zygote kafa sporophyte - matasa ganye.

9. Fara your cin wani sabon matasa shuke-shuke.

A cikin zane a fili yana nuna rai sake zagayowar daga kadaici.

tattalin arziki muhimmanci

Fern rawa a rayuwar mutum ne ba ma manyan. Siffofin daban-daban na Nephrolepis - al'ada dakin ornamentals. Fronds Dryopteris wasu yadu amfani a matsayin kore bangaren na fure qagaggun. Cikin kututturan itacen ferns ne a yammacin sahara, kayan gini, kuma a Hawaii, da starchy core ci abinci.

ƙarshe

Saboda haka muka yi karatu da rai sake zagayowar da shuka. Za ku zama a san, misali, a abin da mataki na rayuwa sake zagayowar ferns a cikin tayi bayyana. Wannan danshi-m shuke-shuke, ba tare da ruwa da haifuwa ba zai yiwu ba. Suka yada a ko'ina cikin duniya, a lokaci guda ga rayuwarsa zuwa zabi wurin da high zafi.

Akwai game da 10,000 jinsunan ferns. Su ne magani, ado, potted.

A haihuwa na wani sabon matasa shuka fara wani rai sake zagayowar cewa ya hada da jima'i da kuma asexual zamaninsu. Jima'i tsara - shi zarostok, yana da matukar kananan da kuma short-rayu, kuma ya bayyana matasa da karfi dogon-rayu shuka - shi ne asexual tsara. A rayuwa ta sake zagayowar predominates fern sporophyte lokaci.

Saboda haka, babban ƙarni na fern - asexual, ta haka ne propagate, bypassing da jima'i tsara ba zai yiwu.