Larabci haruffa da kuma su ma'anar

Arab (Alifbo a Larabci) baƙi (wato, kawai da baƙaƙe an rubuta) harafi rubuce-rubuce, used for harshen larabci da kuma wasu daga cikinsu, yana daya daga cikin mafi hadaddun rubuce-rubuce tsarin a wannan lokacin. Modern rubutun Larabci - Multi-vector sabon abu. Duk da haka, da Larabci haruffa an rayayye gudun hijira daga yankin na sadarwa, inda a can ne sauran hukuma harshe.

Jigon da rubutun Larabci

Halayyar fasali na rubutun Larabci:

1. Hagu shugabanci - wata wasika ga al'ada ke daga dama zuwa hagu.
2. A yawa na superscripts da subscripts maki - diacritics, wanda aka halitta su gane talauci rarrabe haruffa da kuma haifar da sabon haruffa.
3. Italic irin rubuce-rubuce, da rashin "guzuri" da kuma babban haruffa. Kuma italics (fe) Larabci rubuce-rubuce ba m: wasu Larabci haruffa ana riskar da sauran ko dai na musamman a kan hagu ko dama gefe kawai.
4. Allographs - canji na haruffa. Yana dogara a kan matsayin su, a cikin kalmar - a karshen, tsakiyar, farkon, kõ dabam- dabam.

Modern Larabci haruffa kunshi ashirin da takwas baƙaƙe da kuma Semi-wasali haruffa, kazalika da lafazi alamomi a matsayin superscript ko subscript dige, da'irori, dashes saka a cikin alphabetic tsarin bayan musulunta, ko su gane wasu daga cikin baƙaƙe da kuma sauti, ko don nuna vowels tare da view mafi m watsa daga cikin rubutu na Kur'ani mai tsarki.

Tarihi da rubutun Larabci.

A kimiyya, an yi imani da cewa akwai Larabci rubuce-rubuce a kan tushen da Nabataean haruffa (karni na hudu BC. - arni na farko AD.), Amma ba ka bukatar ka sauke kashe da kuma zamanin d hadisin na Syria wasika, kazalika da stylistic kusanci da haruffa na alfarma "Avesta" littafin.

Saboda haka, arabitsa tashi kafin zuwan a duniya addini kamar Musulunci. A cikin Tarayyar Soviet a rubutun bisa rubutun Larabci da aka dakatar a 1928 da umurnin da Jamhuriyar kwamitin zartarwa da kuma na jam'iyyar kwaminis ta Sin, da kuma marubuta daga cikin sabunta hanyoyin arabitsy repressed. An ban sha'awa Gaskiyar ita ce, da cewa babu inda fãce Tatar SSR, da sauyawa daga rubutun Larabci (Alifbo) Latin haruffa (Yanalif) bai sa yawa juriya. Bisa kididdigar da, game da bakwai bisa dari na yawan mutanen duniya yana amfani da Larabci haruffa.

Da harshe na Larabci: ta duniya muhimmancin

Larabci (Larabci version اللغة العربية, karanta kamar "al-luġa al-'arabiya") shi ne da harshen da Semitic reshe na Afro-Asiatic harshen iyali. Yawan masu magana da harshen ba, kuma ta yaruka ne kamar a kusa da ɗari uku da miliyan (a matsayin na farko da harshen), har ma da wasu hamsin da mutane miliyan yana amfani da Larabci matsayin harshe na biyu don sadarwa. Gargajiya Arabic - da harshen kur'ani mai tsarki - ne kullum used a addini processions da salla mabiya addinin Musulunci a duniya (jimlar yawan Musulmi a kusa da rabin biliyan). Tun zamanin da shi ya tsaya da wani gwaji harshe fadada da bambance bambancen.

Yaruka na harshe na Larabci

Modern salon magana Larabci yare ne zuwa kashi biyar subgroups, a ainihi, masu raba harsuna daga philological ra'ayi:

• Maghreb yare bambance-bambancen karatu.
• Sudan-Masar yaruka.
• Iraqi-Mesopotamian yaruka.
• Arabian Group yaruka.
• Jamhuriyar dumama Asian yare kungiyoyin.

Maghreb yare nasa ne da yammacin kungiyar, da sauran - to gabashin kungiyar yaruka na da harshen larabci. Larabci yaruka suna jama'a a cikin ashirin da biyu Eastern kasashen, wanda ya ba shi matsayi na wani jami'in da kuma amfani da administrative hukumomin da kuma kotu.

Quran a matsayin tushen arabitsy

A cikin Larabawa camfin Allah Madaukaki Ya halitta haruffa da kuma mika su zuwa Adam, ta ɓuya daga mala'iku. Mahalicci Larabci rubuce-rubuce ne, wani lokacin dauke ba su iya karatu da rubutu Annabi Muhammad ko ya na sirri mataimaki.

Bisa ga Larabci da ilimin harsuna ya hadisin, a gaskiya da Larabci harafi siffofin a Hira, babban birnin Dahmidskogo jihar, kuma ta wãyi kara raya a tsakiyar ƙarni na bakwai, a lokacin da primary rikodi na cikin Alqur'ani (651).

Kur'ani (daga Larabci fassara a matsayin قرآن - karanta) kuma za a iya buga a karkashin lakabi The tsarki littafi ko m kalma. Yana ba da ɗaya da ɗari da goma sha huɗu da alaka da cikin ma'anar surori (Surori a Larabci). Sura, bi da bi, an hada da ayahs (ayoyi) da kuma shirya a saukowa domin na yawan ayoyi.

A 631 AD Yana da aka kafa ta soja-addini jihar Arab Khalifanci, da kuma Larabci rubuce-rubuce ta samu duniya muhimmancin, kuma a wannan lokacin shi mamaye yankin Gabas ta Tsakiya. Babban birnin kasar Larabawa Masana harshe ya Iraq (Basra da Kufa).

A cikin ƙarni na bakwai Basra mazaunin Abul-Asuad al-duals gabatar a cikin Larabawa haruffa mafi haruffa rubuta cikin gajeren vowels. A kusan lokaci daya lokaci Nasr ibn Asym da Yahya ibn Yamara ƙirƙira tsarin na lafazi alamomi na rarrabe lamba kama da harafin grapheme.

A ƙarni na takwas, wani mazaunin birnin Basra al-Khalil bn Ahmad inganta rubutu short vowels. Ya tsarin ya kai ba, kuma an yafi amfani a cikin rubuce-rubuce na Kur'ani texts, lyrical da kuma ilimi texts.

Larabci haruffa da kuma su ma'anar

Wadannan kalmomi ne mafi shahararren misalai arabitsy:

• الحب - soyayya.
• راحة - ta'aziyya.
• السعادة - farin ciki.
• الازدهار - wellbeing.
• فرح - farin ciki (m yanayi).
• الأسرة - iyali.

Arab haruffa da fassarar a cikin Rasha ne mai sauki samu a cikin ilimi sana'a kamus. A cikin Larabci, da yawa na asali da rubutun hannu (daga harshen larabci خط hatṭ «Line"), overriding na wanda su ne:

• Nash (نسخ «up") shi ne mai classic Larabci rubuce-rubuce da kuma amfani da typesetting.
• nasta'liq musamman girmamawa a Iran, inda a can ne Shi'a Musulunci.
• Maghribi (ƙasashe irin su Morocco, Algeria, Libya, Tunisia).
• Kufi (Larabci كوفي, a kan geogr gari sunayen Kufa ..) - Masana kimiyya yi imani da tsoho rubutun hannu, ya siffofin su ne suna fadin, kuma mai ladabi.

Larabci haruffa don canja wurin

Ga wasu misalai na Larabci kalmomi. Larabci haruffa da kuma su ma'anar a Rasha ne ko da yaushe ba su bauta a matsayin pronunciation.

Iri-iri na Larabci rubutun hannu

Ga mutane da yawa ƙarni haihuwa stereotypes na Arab-shugabanci rubuce-rubuce haruffa zuwa layi up a cikin wani layi, a kan biyu daga cikin wanda sassa aka rubuta disproportionately batu. An yi imani da cewa rubutun Larabci rinjayi fitowan na zamani da tsarin da shorthand rubuce-rubuce da kuma coding.

A yawa na rubutun hannu na Larabci harshen iya bayyana ta musamman peculiarities da yare bambancin. A karkara na Maghreb rubutu wasu masana kimiyya ya gano Berber-Libya tasiri a cikin diagonal "nasta'liq" - a Legacy da Avesta rubutun.

Very pronounced square shaci da rubutun Larabci samun mafi yawa a Asiya ta tsakiya, inda shi yiwuwa an matsahi na saba da Sin rubutun hannu shanfan square-dachzhuan, kazalika da Tibet rubuce-rubuce tsarin pakba. Mutane da yawa rubuce-rubuce tsarin rinjayi Larabawa haruffa. Photo arabitsy za a iya samu a cikin talifin da kuma na adabi.