Lalata Kariya

Metal kayayyakin a kan lokacin hankali rufe tare da m patina. Yi hallaka kusan juya a cikin ƙura. Don kauce wa irin wannan m sakamakon, dole ne ka san abin da lalata da karafa da kuma yadda za a kare da shi. Metal ne hõre wulakanci saboda daukan hotuna da waje yanayi, wanda shi ne electrochemically ko chemically. Chemical lalata bayyana a kafofin watsa labarai ba su iya gudanar da wani lantarki halin yanzu (mai, iskar gas, alcohols). Ta aka fallasa zuwa cikakken duk karafa. Electrochemical lalata auku saboda abin da ya faru na electrolytic karfe film saboda muhalli da tasirinsa. A musamman, da tasiri-fasaha iyali gishiri amfani a kan hanyoyi a cikin hunturu, da kuma kau- igiyoyin. Hanyoyin da zasu ta ne da ake yi daga lalata, akwai da yawa.

A mafi rare da tartsatsi ne amfani da coatings. Sun zo a cikin karfe da ba na ƙarfe ba ma'adinai. Greater inganci samar da coatings tushen samar da ƙarya roba polymers. Inorganic ba na ƙarfe ba shafi ne mai girma iri-iri. Wadannan sun hada da Paints (mai, alkyd da enamel) da kuma varnishes (itace kwalta, roba bitumen). Lokacin da ake ji da irin wannan lalata kariya Halicci bakin ciki fim kwasfa da karfe daga danshi da kuma muhalli sakamako. Paints da varnishes ne mai sauqi ka nema, araha. A farkon aikin shi wajibi ne don tsananin bi fasahar na aikace-aikace. Cover na karfe surface zama dole a dama yadudduka ga mafi alhẽri kare gininsu daga yanayi tasiri.

Ƙarfe coatings hanawa rarrabe iri biyu. A farko hadaya shafi hada da cadmium, tutiya, aluminum. Na biyu - lalata-resistant shafi na jan karfe, da azurfa, da darma, nickel da chromium.

Dangane da yadda inji mataki ya lalata kariya, shi ne ake kira da cathode ko anode. Akwai karfe coatings, hanawa da mafi electronegativity, kuma coatings da ciwon high electropositive. Anode coatings kasance a cikin ta farko irin, da cathode - zuwa biyu. A amfani da aluminum da kuma tutiya, kamar yadda cathode a matsayin anode coatings - nickel, jan, tin.

Hanyoyi daban-daban na kare karfe da lalata da kuma unsa da dama shafi embodiments. Alal misali, domin aikace-aikace na sinadaran hanawa da ake amfani da wata hanya domin shafi ƙarfe Tsarin sauran karafa: aluminum, tutiya.

Idan da karfe tsari ya corroded, sa'an nan taimaka rage halakar passivating Additives da hanawa. Taimakawa wajen hanawa na lalata matakai a alkaline da kuma tsaka tsaki yanayin irin wannan karfi da oxidants kamar yadda alkaline ƙasa, kuma Alkali karafa. Don kare ƙarfafa a karfafa kankare, amfani da alli nitrate-nitrite.

Lokacin da ka bukatar kariya daga lalata, abin da ke faruwa a ƙarƙashin rinjayar da waje muhalli, da kuma na yanayi hazo, amfani da maras tabbas hanawa, waxanda suke da kayan wadda adsorb uwa da karfe surface daga iska ko takaice kanta ta samar da wata bakin ciki Layer.