Krubera kõgon a Abkhazia

Duniya tamu ne fraught da yawa m da kuma ban sha'awa wurare. Wasu daga cikin su suna cike da bil'adama ya ƙware, da kuma wasu ko da bayan wani yawa bincike har yanzu yana bukatar da za a bincika da kara. Wasu asiri, kuma yana dauke da mafi zurfi a duniya Krubera kõgon, located in Abkhazia. A karshe shekaru, masana kimiyya a duk faɗin duniya na kokarin warware ta zamanin da ta asĩri.

A tarihin kogon sunayen

Krubera kõgon Abkhazia zubar a wani tsararru Arabica duwãtsu. Ya kunshi mahara rijiyoyin, interconnected via galleries da stile. Ruwa kogwanni rãyar da guntu kogin a duniya Reprua River, wanda gudana a cikin Black Sea. Its tsawon ba fiye da goma sha takwas mita.

Kogon kai zurfin game da 2,200 mita. An farko bincika ta speleologists daga Georgia (1960) da kuma asali aka mai suna a cikin girmamawa ga masanin kimiyya Alexander Krubera. Duk da yake ta zurfin an ƙware kawai zuwa casa'in da biyar mita.

Na biyu binciken ya faru ne kawai a cikin 1968, godiya ga cavers daga Krasnoyarsk Abuja. A cikin nazarin da shi zuwa ga zurfin da sunan da aka yi amfani da Siberian ɗari biyu da goma mita.

A gaba nazarin kogon da aka tsunduma a cikin eighties Kiev cavers. Sai suka ba shi wani sunan - da hankakai. A wannan yanayin, masana kimiyya sun yi aiki zuwa zurfin ɗari uku da arba'in da mita.

records cavers

Saboda da tashin cewa cike da ƙasa na Abkhazia, cavers kuma bai zama m Krubera kõgon. A kan taswirar duniya na gudanar da bincike, ta zauna a m wuri zuwa wani lõkaci.

Duk da haka, a karshen na 90 cavers daga Kiev aiki a kan binciken da aka koma, da kuma band ƙarshe kai zurfin daya dubu ɗari huɗu da goma mita. A Janairu 2001, alama wani sabon lamba - 1710 m, wanda ya duniya rikodin sakamakon masana kimiyya suke a cikin Ukrainian Speleological Association.

Bugu da ari,} o} arin alama wani nasara Cavex tawagar cewa, a watan Agusta 2003, duk da babban matsaloli, kai zurfin 1680 mita. A shekara daga baya ya zo da wadannan records. Members na balaguro kuma kai alamar 1775 mita, da kuma mahalarta daga cikin Ukrainian Speleological Association - to 1840 mita. Kuma a watan Oktoba 2004, da tarihin duniya a karon farko wadãtar caving shawo biyu-kilometer iyaka.

Har kwanan nan, da rikodin ga zurfin at 2,191 mita Number of bincike G. Samokhin (Agusta 2007). Daya ya kamata kuma lura da kyau kwarai sakamakon cimma ta mata. Saboda haka, Lithuanian S. Pankene kai zurfin dubu biyu mita daya ɗari da arba'in da santimita.

A kan ƙofar kogon

Login, wanda yana da Krubera kõgon, located a 2250 mita saman teku matakin. Amma akwai biyu damar. Ya zo a cikin irin wannan kogwanni kamar yadda Genrihova Abyss da Kuibyshev. Su kara a kan dutse. A ɗari mita ƙananan fiye da ƙofar hankaka, akwai dama, ta hanyar Berchilskuyu kogon. A total tsawon irin wannan cuta ya na da fiye da dubu biyu da zurfin mita.

A gaban yawa manyan kogwanni cikin dutsen tsarin Arabica masana kimiyya zaci na dogon lokaci. Ko da a cikin farkon karni na ashirin jagorancin karstology Martel na Faransa, jawabin a cikin wadannan yankunan na gudanar da bincike, ƙarasa da cewa akwai a duwãtsu babbar karkashin kasa cavities.

Duk da haka, damar yin amfani da deepest kogo aka gano kawai a cikin 60s. Amma saboda mun gwada kunkuntar nassi Jojiyanci speleologists (ko da bayan da aka gano na da kyau) ya koma baya daga da ake so aiki. Shi ne kawai a 2002, sun yi hidimar majagaba mafi zurfi kogwanni na duniya da aka gane da mambobi ne na Rasha-Ukrainian tawagar.

Cin Nasara rikodin sakamakon

In mun gwada kwanan nan, a shekarar 2012, masana kimiyya a Hebrew University da aka za'ayi wani nazari na duniya shahara kogwanni. Shirye-shirye ga taron sun mambobi daga cikin tawagar da shekaru da yawa. Babban burin kungiyar masana kimiyya ya kasance don gano kogon, ta zurfin da karkashin kasa da ruwa kafofin, kazalika da fahimtar ci gaban da zarar wanzu a kan Duniya ta sauyin yanayi. Duk da haka, baya ga wannan, daya daga cikin ban mamaki sakamakon aikinsu ya gano unexplored jinsunan kifaye masu rai a ruwa mai tsabta a zurfin fiye da dubu biyu mita.

Krubera kõgon janyo hankalin masana kimiyya da dama. Nazari ta zurfafa akai-akai zama irin abu na gasar cimma sabon sakamako. Saboda haka, wannan lokaci Ukrainian binciken a cikin balaguro aka kai rikodin zurfin - 2 mita 196 santimita kasa tabbata. Domin samun cikin matsananci rabo cavers kogo ya yi amfani da igiyoyi, kuma nutse a cikin sosai da ruwan sanyi. Abin baƙin ciki, daya daga cikin mambobi na balaguro mutu takaici, a lokacin da gwaje-gwajen.

Bugu da kari, ya aka dukan tsiya da kuma wani rikodin sakamakon. Isra'ila masanin kimiyya Feigin kasance a cikin kogon da ashirin da hudu kwana, wanda shi ne mafi tsawo lokaci ciyar a karkashin kasa.

harbi kogo

Hakika, ba kawai don speleologists, amma kuma saboda mutane da yawa masu daukan hoto ne na babban sha'awa Krubera kõgon. Hoton da aka ɗauka a babban zurfin, suna wani abu sabon abu da kuma m. Mashahuri daukar hoto S. Alvarez sanya wani babba yawan girma Shots a kan aiki cavers. Kafin wannan, ya yi aiki a kan hotuna na addini, al'adu da kuma gudanar da bincike batutuwa, aiki tare da littattafai kamar Lokaci, National Geographic Magazine, Travel Holiday, Adventure, Delta Sky. Amma don wani lokaci sha'awa ya zama wani tsanani binciken da kogwanni.

Wani sabon jinsunan beetles

Ba wai kawai ga speleologists shi buɗe sama sabon yiwuwa Krubera kõgon. Yawon shakatawa a cikin tsarin na gudanar da bincike, shirya da Spanish da masana halittu ba tilasta jira dogon ga sabon sakamako. Aka samu sun ba tukuna karatu nau'i na ƙasa beetles. Suna daga cikin mafi glubokoobitayuschim karkashin kasa da kwari ciyar a kan rubabben kwayoyin halitta da kuma fungi. Duvalius mambobi ne na nau'in da idanu da suke a bigire mai duhu kusa da duniya ta surface. Masana kimiyyar halitta yi imani da cewa wannan karst kogo za ka iya samun dama mafi daban-daban na beetles cewa rayuwa a cikin iyaka yanki, kamar wani kogo ko wani tsibirin.

Nasara da kogwanni

Rasha-Ukrainian kungiyar na cavers Cavex ya yi ta kokarin fallasa sabon asirin mafi zurfi kogwanni na duniya. Bayan duk na daredevils daga cikin tawagar shi ne na farko sauka dukan tsawon na rijiyoyin qasa zuwa zurfin 1710 mita.

A wannan lokaci da binciken da aka fallasa Krubera kõgon. Cavex sau da yawa zo fadin matattu-karshen galleries ko kananan windows a cikin ganuwar da rijiyoyin, amma sun zai babu makawa kai zuwa farkon wani sabon hanya. Tuni a cikin shekara ta 2001, masana kimiyya sun kai sabon zurfin, wanda ya zama tarihi a duniya sakamakon. Bude kogo sarari ƙare a harshen daki mai lake da ake kira "Hall na Soviet speleologists." Saboda haka, an jaddada cewa, wannan nasara da aka sanya yiwu godiya ga aikin da dama da al'ummomi daga masana kimiyya.

Ana sa da yawa na gudanar da bincike

A 2001, da shekara Krubera kõgon hukumance samu title of mafi zurfi a duniya, mafificin baya rikodin kambun - Austria kogo Lamprechtsofen da kuma Faransa Per Sen Martin, da kuma Zhan Bernar.

Don gane da gaskiya zurfin ta, dole ne a sallama a kalla bakwai Eiffel Towers, suna fuskantar juna. Me ya sa da yawa cavers iya ba sai anjima don tsayar da gaskiya size daga kogon? Dalili mafi muhimmanci da ya kasance kullum da rashin fasaha wajen. Bugu da kari, da karaya da sosai kunkuntar aisles amai da m kalubale ga da yawa masu bincike.

Duk da haka, m kogo har yanzu janyo hankalin masana harkokin kimiyya na da m karkashin kasa waterfalls, Tunnels da rijiyoyin, haddasa aikatãwa ne duk sabon binciken.