Sangarski matsatsiyar (Tsugaru) tsakanin Japan da kuma Honshu, Hokkaido. Seikan Railway rami

Tsugaru mashigar, kuma aka sani da Tsugaru, located tsakanin Japan tsibirin na Honshu da Hokkaido. Ta haɗa Tekun Japan da kuma Pacific Ocean, yayin da wajen ƙasa ne Seikan - Railway rami mikewa daga Aomori Hakodate.

Bayani a kan mashigar

Tsugaru nisa jeri daga 18 zuwa 110 km, dangane da ji site, tsawon na 96 km. A zurfin na navigable ~ angare ke dogara da lokaci na tides, don haka shi za a iya bambanta daga 110 zuwa kusan mita 500.

Sunansa ya girmama na mashigar Tsugaru Larabawa, located a arewacin tip na Honshu. A wannan da aka matsayin mai suna ta ethnonym kabilar, da suka rayu a yankin.

Har tsakiyar karni na ashirin. hukuma sunan Tsugaru mashigar aka dauke a matsayin na farko da ya kama da taswirar da aka kõma da Admiral Kruzenshtern, wanda ya ba da shi kawai irin wannan wuri-sunan.

Duk da yawan anchorages, Tsugaru da iska saboda da rashin rufaffiyar wurare. Dukansu bankuna dab da matsatsiyar da sababbu topography (zai fi dacewa dutsen) ya rufe da lokacin farin ciki gandun daji.

Mafi kusa zuwa Aomori Tsugaru birane suna located a gefen kudu, da kuma Hakodate a tsibirin Hokkaido (Japan). Har ila yau a cikin zumunta kusanci zuwa Sapporo Yubari.

Babban Trend a cikin Tsugaru ne directed zuwa gabas, amma yana da ikon reshe fita da canza hanya na da motsi, kai gudun kimanin 6 km / h, yayin da tidal kalaman zo tare da gudun 2 m / sec.

Tsugaru mashigar yanayin

Kafin nassi na duniya na biyu cinikayya da kuma soja jiragen ruwa ta hanyar da Tsugaru mashigar ya free. Saboda har zuwa wannan lokaci ba a kammala wani yarjejeniyar tsara da Tsugaru yanayin, Land of mafitar rãnã da aka rayayye yi amfani da wannan tsallake da Tarayyar Soviet. Saboda haka, tare da zuwan yakin duniya na II, Japan yana da rufaffiyar damar zuwa Straits to duk kasashen waje tasoshi, furta shi da jihar ta tsaron gida zone.

Domin shekaru masu yawa nan gaba da kuma Soviet jiragen ruwa sun kasa wuce wani gajeren hanya zuwa tekun Pacific. Yana da aka bayar da muhimmanci, t. Don. A Tekun Japan (a kan taswira shi ne mai sauki gano) ne a rufe, kuma shi ne kawai Tsugaru mashigar, wadda ta haɗu da shi tare da bude ruwaye.

Saboda bayan da yaki, tare da shan kashi na mallaka a Japan, da batun, daga jirgi wuce yanayin da aka kafa daban. A sakamakon haka, a wani taro a shekarar 1951 a San Francisco yarjejeniya da Japan, da Tarayyar Soviet, shi aka nuna mashigar demilitarization da kuma bude ta m jiragen ruwa na dukan al'ummai da soja sufuri bakin teku jihohi. Duk da haka, Tarayyar Soviet ƙaryata himma, duk da m daga ra'ayi na tabbatar da 'yanci da lafiyar kewayawa.

Yau Tsugaru mashigar ne mai free zone ga nassi na duk jiragen ruwa, amma shi sun fi mayar dogara a kan yanayin da Japan hankali kuma a kowane lokaci za su iya canza.

Tsugaru da kuma Tekun Japan

Map wannan jiki na ruwa da aka located a cikin Pacific Ocean, suka rabu da shi ta hanyar da tsibirin na Japan da kuma Sakhalin. Its yanki ne 1,062 miliyan sq. km.

Northern hunturu kankara ruwa tilasta, da kuma kawai kankara teku rabo a wannan gefe ne Tsugaru mashigar. Wannan ya sa shi sosai m domin sayar da kayayyakinsa jihar bakin teku wuraren Rasha a matsayin hanya mafi guntu zuwa tekun Pacific. Bugu da kari, yanzu soja siyasa na Japan ya ƙwarai rage da yankin ruwan - har zuwa 3 mil (maimakon na 20) daga cikin bakin tekun, da Amurka Navy iya wuce da yardar kaina ta hanyar da Tsugaru mashigar, ba tare da karya doka da ta haramta, da makaman nukiliya a kan ƙasa na Japan.

Tekun Japan, in ba haka ba da aka sani da Eastern, wanke gaba na Rasha, Korea da Japan - da soja kotu na wadannan kasashe, bisa ga USSR, sun kasance sãdu zuwa Tsugaru.

Har ila yau Tsugaru mashigar da ake amfani da kamawa kifi, crabs da tsiren ruwan teku samar.

Seikan

Railway Rami Seikan 53,85 km dogon tare da wani ɓaɓɓake daga 23,3 km, da fita ruwa a zurfin mita 100 a kasa da seabed, to tushe daga cikin rami yi Gotthard dauke da mafi tsawo a duniya. Saboda low cost iska tafiya a cikin Japan ne ba rare daga cikin yan unguwa, kamar yadda ƙwarai baya zuwa tsawon lokaci a kan hanya.

Wannan tonel gudanar karkashin Tsugaru mashigar, forming dogo connection tsakanin Honshu da Hokkaido, kasancewa wani bangare Kaikyō line (Kaikyo). Its sunan zo daga rage tsawon sunan birnin, tsakanin wanda shi ne yada fita - Aomori da Hakodate.

Bugu da kari, da Seikan - a karo na biyu bayan da shiri na karkashin ruwa rami Kammon a haɗa ostorova Honshu (Japan) da kuma Kyushu.

A tarihin rami

Zanawa Seikan dauki 9 shekaru. Ya ake gina shekaru 24 tsakanin shekarar 1964 da kuma shekarar 1988. A yi da hannu fiye da mutane miliyan 14, jointless paved hanya.

Wannan musamman irin shiri na Railway, wanda yana amfani da welded dogo mai gudu, wanda shi ne da yawa mafi girma fiye da misali. Saboda wannan fasahar jointless hanya mafi m ne kuma abin dogara a aiki, duk da haka, na bukatar kulawa ta musamman da kuma kula, domin irin sakamakon gazawar ne sau da yawa m.

A impetus ga gina rami ya da taron a 1954: a cikin Tsugaru mashigar ya halartar m Maritime bala'i, wadda ta dauki fiye da 1,000 rayuwarsu. Duk wadannan mutane suna da fasinjoji na biyar ferries plying tsakanin Honshu da Hokkaido. Japan ta gwamnatin mayar da martani kan lamarin kusan nan da nan - a cikin shekara ta gaba kammala binciken aiki a kan tushen da wanda aka yanke shawarar gina Seikan. A halin kaka na ta yi a farashin da cewa lokaci zambar game $ 4 biliyan.

Maris 13, 1988, da rami da aka bude ga sufurin kaya da kuma zirga-zirgar fasinja.

wayewar

high-gudun jiragen kasa, wucewa a nesa na game da 900 km tsakanin Tokyo da kuma Hakodate (Hokkaido ostorov) 4 hours - Maris 26 motsi Shinkansen aka kaddamar a Seikan rami.

Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, a yanzu da rami ci gaba da zama in mun gwada free, tun ma da sauyawa daga cikin jirgin fito da Railway rami bai iya dakatar da raguwar zirga-zirgar fasinja, a wannan yanki. A cikin shekaru goma sha daya tun farkon aiki na Seikan shi ya fadi da fiye da mutane miliyan 1. A baya can, juz'i na kwarara daga fi miliyan 3 da fasinjoji, amma ya fadi a 1999 shekara zuwa kasa da 2 Mill.