Kiyasta kudin - menene wannan?

Ga kowane mataki na gine-gine lasafta ta zuba jari aikin. Yana bayyana a cikin daki-daki, duk da zama dole kayan gini domin gina, aiki da lissafin kuɗi. Wannan cikakken lissafi na da sunan - da kudin da aka kiyasta yi.

definition

A kiyasta kudin - ne adadin kudi da ake bukata domin gina ginin. Yana hada da kudin da] a] e da yi, biyan bashin da kwangila aikin, da kudin sayen kayan aiki, da kuma isar da kafuwa. Bisa kiyasin generated rahoton da kimantawa ayyukan yi kungiyoyi.

A kiyasta kudin - shi ne dalilin da lissafi na littafin darajar da izini wurare. Yana da aka lasafta bisa ga:

1. Aiki takardun, zane, takardar kudi na yi, da gina fifiko, da Bayani rubutu da kayan.
2. Yanzu dokoki, sayar da farashin kayan aiki da kuma kaya.
3. Shawarwarin na jihar jikin Game da ginin.

lissafi da hanyoyin

Tabbatar da dalilin da kudin da aka kiyasta na hanya da aka yi, an index ko wani tushe-index Hanyar. A cikin farko idan ta yi lissafi da rabo daga yanzu farashin albarkatun da dokoki na su kudi. A daidai wannan lokaci da index Hanyar unshi da hada lissafi. Resources for wanda akwai kasuwar farashin, an yarda a mai nauyi talakawan rates. Gama dukan sauran kayan ana kafa index na kudin da aka kiyasta na dan kwangila. Idan bai samu ba, abubuwan da za a amince da hukumar da ke mulki. Fihirisa hira darajar kimomi an sabunta kowane kwata. A asali Hanyar unshi da yiwuwa nazari yin lissafi da wani index of kudin abubuwa.

tsarin

The kudin da aka kiyasta yi an kafa daga cikin kudin na:

• gina gine-gine.
• saya da shigarwa na kayan aiki;
• sauran halin kaka.

La'akari da kowane daga cikin abubuwa a cikin mafi daki-daki. Gine-gine sun hada da yakin da ayyuka (na dutse, da duniya, plaster) a kan ginin da shigarwa na Tsarin. Ga kuma sun hada da na ciki da kuma na waje injiniya tsari (aikin famfo, samun iska da kuma muhalli da kuma sauransu.).

Na biyu kungiyar hada shigarwa na kayan aiki, dangane da fasahar wayoyi, da samar da lantarki. The kudin da aka kiyasta yi da kafuwa aikin ya hada da saya da kuma harkokin sufuri halin kaka na kayan, alama-up na samar da sashi, lasafta a asali farashin. A rukuni na sauran kudi hada da halin kaka na zane, da horo, tabbatarwa da yi tawagar, da kungiyar da kuma hali na cinikai da sauransu.

iri kimomi

Jimlar kudin da aikin kafa daga gida kasafin kudi, costing wurare, mutum ayyukansu, summary lissafin. Local kimomi - shi ne ainihin daftarin aiki, wanda aka sanya a kan tushen da aiki obscheploschadochnye kundin rajista a cikin zane-zane. Wannan ya hada kai tsaye, sama da kuma shiryawa halin kaka.

Lissafi na da abubuwa da aka generated dogara ne a kan na gida. Yana hada irin abubuwan da adadin Hakkin, da kudin aiki na kayan, kayan aiki da kuma yi ta halin kaka, sufuri, overheads. Idan daya kawai irin aiki, da bukatar wani cikakken kudin kimanta ba samuwa.

Object kiyasta sun hada da karfafa rahotanni a kan shiri na yi site, ma'aikata, na asali da wurin, gine-gine, karin, sabis da wuraren, makamashi da wuraren. da wuraren da ruwa, zafi da gas wadata, Sewerage. gyara shimfidar wuri. fasaha dubawa ga abu. sauran ayyuka. A raba line fitarwa da adadin unforeseen kudi. A lissafi na kiyasta darajar a kan tushen da wadannan lissafin.

kudi Manuniya

Canza kiyasta kudin zai iya zama saboda da unforeseen kudi da kuma zuwa ga canji a farashin albarkatun. Saboda haka, a cikin zane mataki aka lasafta jimlar jarin da ake bukata: Q = Ref + + Ssmr sob + Ref.

A wannan dabara, Ref - wani lissafi na zane da kuma binciken da aiki, Ssmr - farashin da ginin da kuma gine-gine, sob - kimomi ga shigarwa na kayan aiki, Ref - da adadin sauran kudi. Saboda haka kudin da aka ƙaddara da ginin.

A hannu na yi kamfanonin gani Ssmr factor. Ya dogara ne a kan janar dabara ga farashin: Ssmr = Cost na ayyukan + Riba = Materials + albashin da ake + Depreciation + Riba kayan aiki

iri na farashin

A kiyasta kudin - shi ne shirya kudin. An lasafta a kan tushen da fihirisa, da category ko ta hanyar sayen farashin masana'antun. samfurin farashin suna kafa dangane da wurin da dukiya ne a lokacin da ta isarwa ga mabukaci:

• sito bada.
• abin hawa (FCS).
• Tashi tashar (SVR).
• manufa tashar (BCH).
• a-site ajiya.
• yi site.

Kowace daga cikin wadannan jinsunan ya hada da kudin da suka gabata jinsunan, kazalika da ƙarin tsada abubuwa. Farashin na maroki ta sito ya hada da halin kaka na masana'antu da kuma kayan ajiya. FCS daukan la'akari da halin kaka na loading da kayan cikin wani truck, VSO - feed wagon, BCH - isar da kayan da ginshiƙin gada. A karshe iri biyu farashin nufa bayar da kudi ga harkokin sufuri na raw kayan da a kan-site sito ko yi site.

lissafi na farashin

A farashin da aka kafa da naúrar na albarkatun kasa. Yana da aka lasafta ta da dabara: UCM = OP + T + Tsaro + TM + TP + C. Ga OP - ne wholesale farashin kayan, T - marufi halin kaka, SC - marketing ribace-ribace, TM - kwastan aikinsu, TP - kudin shipping, C - ajiya halin kaka.

Wholesale farashin albarkatun kasa da kuma kwantena ake dauka daga collections ko listings na masana'antun. Marketing ribace-ribace aka ɗauke shi zuwa lissafi a matsayin yawan farashin. shipping halin kaka suna ɗauke shi zuwa asusu tare da wani babban taro. warehousing halin kaka wadannan nagartacce: Construction Products - 2%, karfe Tsarin - 0.75%, kayan aiki - 1.2%.

Kiyasta farashin ga karusa daga kayan da ake gabatar a cikin wannan tarin. Yana kunshi sassa biyu: a dogo, hanya da kuma teku sufuri. Kowane daga cikinsu, bi da bi, ya ƙunshi tariffs for loading da Ana saukewa na dukiya, dangane da irin marufi da kuma sufuri. Recalculation kudin da aka kiyasta na sufuri (da 1 ton) ne da za'ayi a kan wannan algorithm:

1. Yana da kayyade irin na sayar da farashin da tarin.
2. Tantance yanayin sufuri.
3. Idan w / d sufuri, shi ne niyya aika da tsari, saka da kudi, kudi na loading.
4. A lasafta ware Naira Miliyan Xari da aka yawaita da mika mulki coefficient zuwa cikakken nauyi, babban taro.
5. A hanya kai bayyana kudin tafiya aji kaya da kuma alawus.
6. Lasafta gyara factor for handling.
7. An ƙaddara da kudin sufuri.
8. Lissafi da jimlar kudin da 1 ton.

Shigo da kayan kasu kashi (sumunti, karfe, bututu, gilashin da sauransu. N.) Kuma gida (tubalin, kankare Tsarin, mafita, juji al.). Shipping kudin na farko rukuni na kayayyakin ne mafi girma fiye da na biyu.

Labor ta halin kaka

A kiyasta kudin - costing ba kawai da halin kaka na kayan, amma kuma mutum albarkatun. Albashin da ake m daga cikin jadawalin kuɗin fito-cancantar tunani. Yana gabatar da kudi na sallama. Alawus ga aikin a wuya da kuma m yanayi ne daga 12% zuwa 24%. A algorithm for kirga da aiki cost kashe kudi ne kamar haka:

1. Resource Hanyar: albashi = (Actual s / n gwama talakawa ..) / (Average Quantity watanni hours.).
2. A wani kiyasta darajar: 3arplata = (C + M) ∙ I. nan C da M - da adadin kashe kudi a kan aikin don biyan bashin da gine ma'aikata da na'ura aiki, da kuma - Index of matakin na kashe kudi.
3. Rasperedelenie halin kaka: albashin da ake = T * ((C1 * KD * K * K * Kr + P) / yawan hours of aiki). A wannan dabara T - aiki halin kaka su yi wani takamaiman aiki, a C1 - jadawalin kuɗin fito rates na 1st sa, K - jadawalin kuɗin fito coefficient KD - surcharges coefficient Kr - shiyya coefficient Kn - premium rate, P - sauran biya sanya a kudi na albashi.

A irin wannan jerin ƙaddara da aiki halin kaka.