Kaz-4540: fasaha halaye, photos. Babban Motoci Kutaisi Automotive Shuka

A ci gaba da aikin injiniyan inji a cikin Tarayyar Soviet da aka bai kulawa ta musamman. Kowace shuka ne kokarin haifar da tech mota, wanda zai dauki da wuri a cikin kasar ababen more rayuwa sarkar. Shuka a birnin Kutaisi, ba su rabu da janar trends kuma yi bukatun su da manufofin. Designers ya halicci wani truck, wanda ya zama almara - Kaz-4540.

Tarihi na halitta

A shekarar 1975, a request na Tarayyar Soviet Gosselhoztehniki mana da GKB birni Balashov, wanda ya} ware a samar Trailers to motoci da kuma tractors, kazalika da Yaroslavl factory fara cin gaban sabuwar fasahar. The aiki ya haifar da wani sabon tsarin jiragen kasa domin aikin noma. A truck ya kamata ya zama wani irin bace mahada, wanda ya hada da tarin albarkatu a cikin filin, su kara loading da sauri sufuri da kuma saukewa.

A farkon 80s a kan tushen da Kutaisi shuka da aka kaddamar da samar da sabon hudu-dabaran drive manyan motoci. Dalili na sabon model zama samfur na 0215 US-halitta daga talakawa Kaz-608B, tare da kyautata kayan aiki da kuma guje drive a kan biyu axles.

Kafin ka fara jerin samar da kaddamar da wani sabon truck a kan expanses na tsohon Tarayyar Soviet, cikakken sikelin gwaji na samfurori da aka za'ayi. A saboda wannan dalili aka asali halitta 20 motoci, wanda aka za'ayi da kuma duk hanya, da kuma benci gwaji. A shekarar 1981, a shafin Mun samu nasarar kammala gwaji na sabon jiragen kasa. A zanen kaya ba su daina akwai kuma Ya sanya wani yawan gyara da kuma canje-canje ga mutum majalisai da kuma sassa na tsarin. Wannan ya biyo ta sabon abubuwan da na yau da kullum gwaji. New Kaz-4540 yana da abun da na kowa tare da baya model daga cikin iri "Colchis".

Tuni a watan Janairu, da 84th, a lokacin da kammala interdepartmental gwaje-gwaje, da truck aka shawarar kaddamar a cikin samarwa. A watan daga baya halitta na farko tsari na 500 inji.

Bisa ga wannan truck da aka tsara da kuma tarakta. Ya samu wani sabon alama - Kaz-4440.

"Colchis"

Wannan sunan da aka bai wa jeri na tractors samar shuka a Kutaisi. A farko truck bar riga a watan Agusta 1951. Mafi yawa daga cikin aka gyara an kawo daga shuka mai suna bayan Stalin. Godiya ga rundunõninsa, daga Moscow Enterprises da kuma tattara juji manyan motoci, kananan tractors, kazalika da sufurin kaya motoci a karkashin iri sunan "Colchis". wani sabon misali na photo ba kama wani daga cikin data kasance a wancan lokacin.

"4540" - wani model tsara su don saduwa da bukatun na noma. Production ci gaba daga shekara ta 1985 da kuma 1998. A wannan lokacin, mun halitta da dama daban-daban versions na truck "Colchis". A rarrabe Kaz-4540 yana da wani haske orange cubicle tare da manya-manyan Gilashin motan.

ganawa

Sufurin kaya Kaz-4540, wanda ya daban-daban daga dukan sauran model na biyu tuki axles, sau da yawa amfani a tare da wani trailer daga cikin iri GKB-8535. Wannan cuta wakilta wani trailer amfani ga safarar kayan amfanin gona.

Tipper Kaz-4540 - wani m inji tare da ikon sauke on uku bangarorin. Dangane da takamaiman kayan amfani da yankin ne daya wasu hanya. A truck aka sanye take da duk-dabaran drive da tilas bambanci kulle raya aksali.

Yankan-baki zane damar amfani da na'ura a jummai da harvesters da kuma auduga amfanin gona. "Kolkhida" - a mota da ciwon isa permeability ake bukata domin kayan aiki amfani da aikin noma, da kuma damar 11 tons.

A shekarar 1990, designers da shirye takardun wanda zai ba da damar zuwa ba da mota firiji, amfani a tare da wani kaya dandali, kazalika don ƙirƙirar wani abin hawa ga wuta. Abin baƙin ciki, ci gaban bai sami kara ci gaba da kuma kasance ne kawai a kan takarda. "Colchis", wani photo na wanda aka gabatar a kasa - da aka fi nema a kwafin a lokacin da inji.

gida

Cab - cabover, located sama da engine. Wannan layout ya inganta sirri da kuma kara yin amfani da dukan dandali. "Colchis" - a mota tare da wani gajeren wheelbase da kyau kwarai ganuwa ga direba. Manyan-gida yana mai raba wurin zama yankin, a fan da wani kuka-hita. Duk wannan a cikin adadin da aka bayar da isasshen darajar da ta'aziyya ga dogon lokacin da kuma dogon zango flights. A shekarar 1985, shi kuwa mai kyau nuna alama.

A shekarar 1990 ya fara samar da wani kyautata version. Yana sanye take da wani na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa tsarin sarrafa da bude daga cikin allon. Lokacin da Ana saukewa da wani daga cikin aiki jam'iyyar kwamitin rufe ta atomatik.

ikon bangaren

The inji aka saka a kan wani dizal engine da iri YaMZ-Kaz-642. Engine Kaz-4540 aka kafa domin wheelbase da aka guda biyu tare da wani takwas na'urar don canjawa giya (4 samuwa watsa da kuma wani na zaɓi divider).

Da ikon shuka da aka located kai tsaye sama da gaban aksali, da kuma duk jikin da samar da iko, da aka tura a gaba kamar yadda zai yiwu. A tuki matsayi ne sama da mota. A yanke shawarar kirkiro da irin wannan tsari ya kasance saboda bukatar ƙara da mai amfani yanki a kan abin da hawa kayan da aka located. By kara fita kwana ƙãra permeability. Wannan makirci tabbatar uniform kaya rarraba a ranar biyu da gatura. A gaban na asusun 6,12 ton na nauyi, da kuma a kan mayar - 6,14 m.

Uniform loading yarda da yin amfani da guda ƙafafun da fadi da tayoyin, kazalika ƙwarai simplifying kula da tsarin matsa lamba a cikin iska da bẽnãye.

Mutane da yawa sababbin abubuwa da aka gabatar a lokacin da samar Kaz-4540. Wata irin wannan Disc da aka CV hadin gwiwa, halin mafi dogara fiye da siffar zobe m. Iyakar gudu ya 80 km / h, amma aza iya aiki ne daidai a total na 6 m.

shasi

Running da kayan aiki da damar da na'ura don matsawa nauyi datti hanyoyi da kuma ta hanyar da filayen bayan plowing. A Kaz-4540 truck watsa aka saita zuwa 8 matsayi, da a gaba motsi da kuma biyu - da suka wuce. Shi ne mai hadaddun tsarin kunsha na 4-gudun gearbox da splitter 2 halaye.

Dry kama shigar da gogayya woje da pneumatic. Juyawa daga cikin mota da aka amfani da su duka biyu gadoji. Canja wurin akwatin shigar for interaxle bambanci kulle. Sarrafawa ta amfani da mai raba button a gaban mota.

Front aksali dakatar harhada daga tsaye marẽmari da telescopic damper. Rear saka Semi-elliptical leaf marẽmari biyu.

girma

Drivers wanda ya yi aiki a kan m daga cikin iri "Colchis", ya lura da cewa mafi nasara model ne Kaz-4540. Reviews ba quite unambiguous, amma converge a mutunta mutane da yawa. Babban abũbuwan amfãni cewa an lura:

- "4540" - na farko a cikin Tarayyar Soviet juji, halitta na musamman ga bukatun na noma.

- Easy goyon baya da kuma gyara godiya ga sauƙi damar zuwa kusan duk shafukan da sunadaran.

- Excellent giciye-jiragen kasa da matsakaicin load.

- loading dandamali tare da uku zabin Ana saukewa.

- Full-sized cabover gida, wanda aka sanye take da latest fasahar.

shortcomings

Low cancantar da shuka ma'aikata suna ba a yarda ya haifar da samar da ingancin motocin. A Kaz-4540 ya quite babban yawan drawbacks:

- Sau da yawa da gazawar na inji alhakin Yunƙurin na taksi.

- akai-akai na zuba na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa ruwaye da kuma mai a jamsin na watsa da kuma mota shirye-shirye.

- high matsa lamba famfo bai iya sadar da ake bukata sigogi.

- The rauni aya su ne rivets ake alhakin kayyade da gaban marẽmari a cikin firam.

Wasu abũbuwan amfãni daga rashin amfani da kuma rashin iya tuki juya a cikin disadvantages. A wannan kaya a ranar biyu axles damar kara kayan da aka samar, amma m tuki yana da babban alama na majũya da na'ura. Kaz-4540, da halaye na wanda aka gabatar a cikin labarin, an har yanzu amfani da a wasu yankuna na biyu Rasha da Ukraine da kuma sauran kasashe na tsohon Tarayyar Soviet.