Jojiya: The yanki na ƙasa ba tare da Abkhazia da kuma Kudancin Ossetia

Daya daga cikin Kudu Caucasus kasashen Georgia. A fannin karkarar cewa Jihar ga labarin ba sau daya canza. Kuma yanzu wannan kasa ne sarrafawa ba faufau duk ƙasar da'awar da. Duk da haka, a da yawa kundayen da data ne a zahiri uncontrolled yankuna bayyana a matsayin Georgia. Yankin ƙasa ba tare da Abkhazia da kuma Kudancin Ossetia ne har yanzu mafi m tare da ainihin halin da ake ciki. Bari mu san abin da yanki na kasar ba tare da wadannan jamhuriyoyin da kuma yadda da karkararta aka kafa.

A tarihin ƙasar Georgia

Daya daga cikin tsofaffin jihohi a Transcaucasia ne Georgia. A fannin wannan kasa ya samo asali kan daruruwan shekaru, har ma da millennia.

A farko jihohi a Georgia bayyana a cikin tsufa. Yana da aka Colchis (rufe da Black Sea Coast) da kuma Iberia (a tsakiya). Kwanan nan, jihar da aka kafa a cikin III karni BC Yana da aka located a tsakiyar kasar da kuma shi ne tsakiya daga wanda Georgia kafa a nan gaba.

A fannin wannan jiha ya kusan rabin na Jojiyanci ƙasa. A baya kafofin Iberia fara da za a kira a matsayin mulkin Kartli. A I. BC Sarakunan Iberia da Colchis gane su dogara a kan Roma. A farkon rabin karni na IV BC a Kartli (Iberia), Kiristanci ya zama addinin jihar.

A baya ƙarni, da yankin Jojiya da aka yadda ya kamata kasu kashi bangarori na da tasiri na Rum (Colchis) da na Farisa (Iberia). Wani lokacin ma wadannan yankunan gaba daya rasa 'yancin kansu, kuma sun kasance wani ɓangare na sama da aka ambata jihohi. A tsakiyar karni na VII Larabawa ci Farisa da mafi Georgia. Gaba daya rabu da Larabawa Georgians gudanar kawai a cikin X karni.

Amma bayan da kwato daga Larabawa Georgia ya mai yawa m jihohi. Hada su a cikin daya ikon ya iya shugabanni na Bagratuni daular, wanda ya asali da dokoki a Mulkin Tao Klarjeti. Sarakuna wannan daular ya iya fitar da Larabawa daga Tbilisi da kuma yin wannan birni kamar yadda su babban birnin kasar. Bayan haka, da suka shiga tare da kasarta ba-rana Georgia, da kuma ko da acceded zuwa ga ƙasa, ba a cikin zamani Jojiyanci jihar.

A mafi girma ikon Georgia samu a karkashin sarki Dawuda da Builder kuma Sarauniya Tamara (XII-XIII karni), a zamanin mulkin wata talakansa furuci ko da sarakuna na Empire of Trebizond. A da zinariya shekaru na siyasa ikon da al'adu ya taba dandana Georgia. A fannin ta yankuna tafi da nisa fiye da iyakokin yau da kan iyakoki.

Amma kome yana har abada. Bayan Golden Age fara Mutuwa jayayya tsakanin kusoshin Mulki gidan. Jojiyanci jihar ikon Ya girgiza da Mongol mamayewa a cikin 20-ies na XIII karni. A karshen, da Jojiyanci sarakuna gane talakansa na mangolawa kuma amince da su biya haraji. Bisani aka da united Jojiyanci jihar jerin nasarar da tsakiyar Asiya m Tamerlane. Wadannan tafiye-tafiye kai ga cikakken sha na Jojiyanci tattalin arzikin da ta rarrabuwa a cikin da dama yardatayya m jihohi. A tsawon lokaci, mafi yawan wadannan mulkoki ya gane talakansa na Ottoman Empire ko da Persian daular Safavid. A kan ƙasa na Jojiya gudanar da gwagwarmaya tsakanin wadannan biyu mai girma monarchies. A karshen, da yarjejeniya da aka sanya hannu a tsakiyar XVI karni, da sarauta daga Kakheti da Kartli yankin da aka bai wa Farisa, da kuma Imereti - Ottoman.

A XVII karni a cikin Caucasus suna ganin wani sabon iko jihar - da Rasha Empire. A jerin wars da Ottoman Empire da na Farisa da shi tabbatar da iko a kan da yawa daga cikin Caucasus. A halin yanzu, Kartli da Kakheti sarauta sõyayya a cikin guda jihar. A mulkin united mulkin Kartli-Kakheti Hiraqla II na'am a 1783 da Rasha dan kasa. Kuma a 1801, bayan mutuwar Jojiya ta gaba, Sarkin Kartli-Kakheti jihar karshe ɓangare na Rasha Empire.

Yanzu, a matsayin wani ɓangare na Empire, na zamani Jojiyanci yankuna kasance wani ɓangare na Tiflis da Kutaisi larduna, wajen dace da yankin Kartli-Kakheti da Imereti mulkoki, kazalika da Batumi yankin.

Formation na Jojiyanci jihar a zamani iyakokin

Jojiya yankin, wajen zo daidai da halin yanzu da iyaka, fara da za a kafa bayan faduwar daular mulkinsu a Rasha Empire a 1917. Tuni a cikin Nuwamba 1917 a Tiflis (zamani Tbilisi) da aka tattara Transcaucasian Commissariat, wanda shi ne kungiyar hadin daga lardunan Transcaucasia gwamnatin (Jojiya, Armenia da Azerbaijan).

A watan Afrilu na shekarar 1918, Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Jamhuriyar aka kafa a kan harsashin daga gare ta. Amma a watan Mayu, a karkashin matsin lamba daga cikin Turkish gwamnati ne zuwa kashi uku m jamhuriyoyin, daya daga wanda ya Jamhuriyar Demokradiyar Georgia. A yankin na ƙasa a jihar maida hankali ne akan ba kawai na zamani Jojiya da kuma Abkhazia da kuma Kudancin Ossetia, kazalika da sassa na Armenia da kuma Turkey. Shi ne daga wannan ikon ne statehood na zamani Georgia.

Duk da haka, shi dade wani gajeren lokaci. Tuni a 1921, Bolshevik sojojin sun shagaltar da Georgia. Akwai aka kafa Jojiyanci Soviet Socialist Jamhuriyar tare da babban birnin kasar a Tbilisi. A wannan shekara Adjara SSR aka gano a matsayin batun da GSPC. Bisa ga cikar kungiyar tarayyar yarjejeniyar, da Abkhazian SSR ne wani ɓangare daga Georgia, da kuma a shekara daga baya kafa wata Hukuma - ta Kudu Ossetian mai cin gashin kanta. Har ila yau, a shekara ta 1922, da Jojiyanci SSR, da Armenian SSR da Azerbaijan SSR kafa Tarayya - TSFSR. A karshen shekara ta 1922, a karshe na Tarayyar Soviet. Duk da haka, a shekarar 1936, TSFSR aka wargaza kuma duk uku jamhuriyoyin cewa kasance wani ɓangare na wannan Kungiya, ciki har da Georgia, su ne kai tsaye batutuwa da Tarayyar Soviet.

A marigayi 80-ies karni na karshe, Jojiya shi ne daya daga cikin na farko jamhuriyoyin gangarawa ballewa daga Tarayyar Soviet. Wannan ya bayyana ta Majalisar Koli na jamhuriyar a shekarar 1989, a lokacin da Soviet sojojin m up da wani taron gangami, nema Jojiya ta ballewa daga tarayyar Soviet. A watan Afrilu na shekarar 1991, Georgia ayyana ta da cikakken rabuwa daga Tarayyar Soviet.

Amma da m ƙasa na Jojiyanci SSR - Abkhaz ASSR da Kudu Ossetian cin gashin kanta District, so ya ci gaba da Tarayyar Soviet. Wannan ya kai ga wani rikici tsakanin Georgia da kuma dakarun wadannan jamhuriyoyin. War a iya tsaya kawai, a 1993, ta hanyar da shiga tsakani na Rasha da kuma kirkirar na wanzar da zaman lafiya contingent. A gaskiya ma, ta Kudu Ossetia da Abkhazia ya zama m jihohi, ko da yake bin doka da wannan hujja ba a gane ta kowace ƙasa a duniya. Jojiya ta ci gaba da karanta data for da karkararta.

A zamani mataki

A 2008, wani sabon makamai rikici ya barke tsakanin Georgia a hannu daya, da kuma Abkhazia da kuma Kudancin Ossetia, da kuma Rasha - a kan sauran. Bisa ga sakamakon da rikici, Jojiya ya gaba daya rasa iko a kan ta Kudu Ossetia da Abkhazia, wanda shine na aikin hukuma jihar gane ta Rasha.

A wannan samuwar da yankin Jojiya a cikin irin wannan tsari a matsayin shi akwai yanzu, an kammala. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa a yau ake dauki la'akari lokacin kirga fannin Georgia ba tare da Abkhazia da kuma Kudancin Ossetia.

A yankin na yankin Georgia

Yanzu yana da lokaci tukuna su san abin da Georgia yanki a murabba'in mita. km ba tare da Abkhazia da kuma Kudancin Ossetia. Saboda haka, gano amsar wannan tambaya.

A total yanki na Jojiya da duk yankuna wanda shi ikirarin ne 69,7 thous. Km ^2. A cewar wannan nuna alama kasar bautar da 119th wuri a duniya. Amma mu su ne da farko sha'awar a Georgia yanki a murabba'in mita. km. ba tare da ta Kudu Ossetia da Abkhazia.

Ganin cewa da yankin Abkhazia ne 8.6 dubu km ^2, da kuma yankin ƙasar ta Kudu Ossetia - .. 3.9 dubu km ^2, shi ne mai sauki yin lissafi da duka yanki - 12.5 dubu km ^{2 ..} Saboda haka, Jojiya yanki ba tare da data yankuna na 57,2 dubu. ^Km2. Wannan ne 122 th wuri cikin dukan al'ummai na duniya.

yawan

Mun samu Jojiya located a site na kowane size. A yankin na ƙasa da yawan jama'a na kasar - yana da matukar m sigogi. Saboda haka, to suna da cikakken hoto, mun koyi wani yawan mazauna a cikin wannan Transcaucasian kasar.

A halin yanzu sanaki jihar a 3729,5 dubu. Mazauna. Daya ɗari da talatin wuri a kan wannan nuna alama bautarka daga cikin sauran kasashe na duniya, Georgia. Yankin da kuma jama'ar na Transcaucasian jihohin da aka ba ba tare game da Abkhazia da kuma Kudancin Ossetia.

yawa daga alƙarya

Sanin wadannan Manuniya a yawan jama'a da kuma ƙasar yankin, shi ne mai sauki yin lissafi, da kuma da yawa daga cikin jama'ar na Georgia. A lokacin shi ne mutane 68. 1 sq. km.

Don kwatanta, da yawa daga alƙarya, a cikin kasashe makwabta Azerbaijan da Armenia ne, bi da bi, 111 da kuma 101,5 persons / sq. M. km. Saboda haka, kudi a Jojiya shi ne kasa da cewa daga kasashe makwabta.

A abun da ke ciki na yawan

Yanzu bari mu dubi kabilanci da addini, abun da ke ciki na yawan zaune a yankin Georgia, wato, mutane mamaye wani yanki na kasar.

Shin kabilanci Georgians. Su dokoki ne 83,4% na jimlar yawan Georgia ban da Abkhazia da kuma Kudancin Ossetia. Wannan characterizes shi a matsayin kasar da wani gagarumin predominance na daya kabila. Na biyu wuri a kan yawan shagaltar Azerbaijanis - 6.7%, bi da Armenian - 5.7%. Amma da Rasha da aka riga lagging a yawan kabilu da aka jera a sama. Rabonsu ne kawai 1.9%. Ossetians a kasar na game da 1%.

All sauran kabilun cewa zauna Georgia, kasa da 1% na jimlar yawan. Wadannan sun hada da Yezidis (Kurdawa), Ukrainians, Helenawa, Chechens, Avars, Kistinians, Abkhaz, Assuriyawa, kuma wasu sauran al'ummai.

Mafiya yawa na Georgians da'awar Orthodox Kiristanci - 83,4%. Quite 'yan ma Musulmi, yafi a Adjara - 10.7%. Daga cikin sauran addinai kamata ware da parishioners na Armenian Apostolic, Katolika, Protestant, Yezidis, Shaidun Jehobah, Yahudawa.

administrative division

Yanzu bari mu ga abin da yankin raka'a raba zamani Georgia. Wannan jiha zahiri kunshi 9 gefuna (mhare), daya m jamhuriyar (Adjara) da kuma daya birni na kasa muhimmancin (Tbilisi). Bugu da ƙari kuma, da bin doka na Jojiya daidai da ta zartas da doka, da AP ya hada da Abkhazia, amma a gaskiya da yankin Jojiya da ba ya mallakar.

List of tara gefuna kamar haka: Samtskhe-Javakheti, Racha-Lechkhumi da kuma Lower Svaneti, Imereti, Guria, Samegrelo-Upper Svaneti, Kakheti, Mtskheta-Mtianeti, Shida Kartli, Kvemo Kartli.

Bugu da kari, da administrative raka'a hakan domin (gefuna da kuma m jamhuriyoyin), an rarraba su zuwa administrative raka'a ƙananan domin (municipalities da birane na Republican (yanki) darajar). A lokacin, da dokokin a Georgia kulla gaban 67 municipalities da Birane goma sha huɗu na yankin muhimmancin. Amma a gaskiya karkashin iko da Jojiya ne kawai 59 municipalities da 11 m ƙauyuka.

Ya kamata a lura cewa administrative abokai, wanda yanzu ake magana a kai a matsayin municipalities, aka kira, kamar yadda a cikin Tarayyar Soviet, yankunan har 2006.

A fannin da mutum yankuna na Georgia

Yanzu bari mu ga abin da ƙasa ne shagaltar liyãfa yankunan, wanda wani bangare ne na jama'a da ilimi kamar yadda Georgia. A yankin na cin gashin kanta Jamhuriyar Adjara, tare da babban birnin kasar a Batumi, wanda aka located a cikin matsananci kudu maso yammacin Georgia, shi ne 2.9 dubu. Km ^2.

Edge na Samegrelo-Upper Svaneti aka located a arewa-yammacin ɓangare na Georgia, a kan iyakar kasar da Abkhazia a kan ƙasa na 7.4 dubu. Km ^2. Babban birnin na yankin na Zugdidi.

A administrative cibiyar ne birni na gefen Guria Ozurgeti. Wannan yankin naúrar yana da wani yanki na 2.0 dubu. Km ² da aka located a kudu maso yammacin kasar.

Edge na Racha-Lechkhumi da kuma Lower Svaneti aka located a arewacin kasar a kan ƙasa na 4.6 dubu. Km ^2. Babban garin can ne birni na Ambrolauri.

Edge, sunansa yayi dace da sunan tsohuwar daular mulkin Imereti, yana da wani yanki na 6.6 dubu. Km ² da aka located a cikin tsakiyar ɓangare na Georgia tare da wani motsi zuwa yamma. A administrative cibiyar na yankin, da birnin Kutaisi.

Yankin tare da wani hadadden kira Samtskhe-Javakheti yana da wani yanki daidai 6.4 thous. Km ^2. Located a gefen kudu na kasar. Babban garin Akhaltsikhe nan.

Edge Shida Kartli yana da wani yanki na 4.8 dubu. ^Km2. Babban gari a cikin yankin - Gori. Yana da wani yankin a arewa-tsakiyar Georgia a kan iyakar kasar da ta Kudu Ossetia. A karkashin dokokin na Georgia, game da rabi daga cikin ƙasa na yankin ne kawai kudu Ossetian ƙasar, kuma mafi yawansu Kudu Ossetia ne wani ɓangare na shi ne gefen Shida Kartli. Amma da lissafi na yanki na wannan yankin, za mu dauki la'akari kawai da ƙasa, wanda aka zahiri sarrafawa da Jojiyanci hukumomi.

A yankin da poetic sunan Mtskheta-Mtianeti a ƙasa girman 6.8 dubu. Km ^2, dake a cikin arewa-maso-gabas Georgia, amma a zahiri iko da 5.8 thous. Km ^2, kamar yadda yake cikin sauran yankin Kudu Ossetia. Babban garin na yankin - Mtskheta.

Edge Kvemo Kartli aka located a kudu-maso-gabashin Jojiya. Shi yana da wani yanki daidai 6.5 dubu. ^Km2. A administrative cibiyar - Rustavi.

Kakheti Region aka located a cikin mafi gabashin kasar. Ya na da girman daidai 11,3 thous. Km ^2. A administrative cibiyar ne birni na Telavi nan.

City na kasa muhimmancin Tbilisi kuma yana da kansa ƙasa. Ta, ba shakka, da yawa karami yanki gefuna da shi ne kawai 720 km ^2. A total number of mazauna a babban birnin kasar Georgia ne miliyon 1.1. Mutane. A birni ne located a cikin tsakiyar ɓangare na jihar tare da wani biya diyya ga kudu maso gabashin.

Saboda haka, kamar yadda gani a kan mafi girma a yankin ne baki yankuna na Jojiya Kahetija (11.3 dubu. Km ²⁾ da kuma sama-baki Samegrelo Svanetiya (7.4 th. ² km). Da ta fi ƙanƙanta da ƙasa daga cikin yankuna na Georgia, ba tare da game da birnin Tbilisi jihar dabi'u, Guria Region (2.0 thous. Km ²⁾ kuma Adjara cin gashin kanta Jamhuriyar (2.9 thous. Km ^2).

A] aukacin ƙarshe

Mun san abin da Georgia yanki a dubu. Km2. A kayyade wannan nuna alama bukatar sani daya sosai muhimmanci. Akwai wuraren da aka jera a matsayin Tbilisi gwamnati zuwa Jojiyanci, amma wannan ba ya zahiri iko da Georgia. A yankin na kasar, daidai da, a cikin Jojiyanci kafofin ne da muni a kwatanta da real Jihar abubuwa.

Saboda haka, mun gano cewa, a lokacin da yanki na kasar, ba tare da game da zahiri wanda ba a iya lura da shi ba ta Kudu Ossetia da Abkhazia, shi ne 57,2 dubu. Km ^2.