Wane ne Levitan Ishaku Ilich?

Isaak Ilich Levitan - mai Rasha wuri mai faɗi zane-zane, wanda shi ne Yahudawa. Amma wanda yake Levitan.

farkon rayuwa

A 1860, da iyali kafa Yahudawa tradesman Ili Levitana aka haife na biyu dansa, Ishaku. Poor iyali a kan gab da wani bakin cikin kasancewar zaune a wannan lokacin a Lithuania a garin Khirbat. Ilya Levitan shi ne mai fassara, sai harsuna sanar. A search na rayuwa, su duka ya koma Moscow. A zama na iyali bai zama mafi alhẽri. Suka zauna a gefen na huɗu bene na wani karamin Apartment. Babu wani kudi a duk. Yara zai iya ba ko da zuwa makaranta, saboda babu wani abin da biya. Uba kansa aka tsunduma tare da su.

A shekaru 13, da Ishaku shiga Moscow School of zanen da sassaka. Ya nan da nan ba su yi shakka yanke shawarar zai zama wuri mai faɗi zane-zane. Ko su tir flatlet yana da kyau, saboda daga shi na dogon lokaci iya ji dadin saitin rana.

Lokacin da Ishaku ya shekara goma sha biyar da haihuwa, da uwarsa mutu. Kuma bayan shekaru biyu, m da typhus, da kuma mahaifin mutu. A lokaci guda ta fadi rashin lafiya tare da typhus shi da Ishaku, amma da ya farka, amma sakamakon sun shafi dukan rai - ya kasance a matalauta kiwon lafiya. Kamar yadda tsira, yunwa ta fara addabar, hudu kananan yara ba tare da taimakon kudi, da aka sani kawai kansu. Babu Ishaku kuma ɗan'uwansa, har abada, kuma bai gaya wa kowa kome game da yara da kuma samartaka. Kila don haka m da kuma damuwa su ne tunaninnika munana.

A makaranta

Da farko Levitan karatu a karkashin Vasily Perov, amma a karo na hudu sa shi a cikin wuri mai faɗi aji gayyace Alexei Savrasov. Levitan karatu da sauƙi, amma har yanzu ya yi aiki dogon da wuya. Zane-zane ta hanyar da shi a cikin shekaru 16, "Autumn. A hanya zuwa kauyen "da kuma" Night "ne yanzu a cikin Tretyakov Gallery. Kuma a sa'an nan su makaranta bikin samu lambar azurfa , da tsabar kudi taimako.

Fitar da Yahudawa daga Moscow

A 1879, wani hukuncin da aka bayar hani Yahudawa su zauna a cikin zamanin da babban birnin kasar Rasha. Wane ne Levitan? Fashi, wanda shi ne ba da wuri inda cike da rai. A 'yan'uwa zaunar kusa Moscow a wani biki wuri a Saltykovka. Places akwai kyau. Abin da kuma ya kamata wuri mai faɗi zane-zane? Fenti da zane, da kuma watakila kawai fensir da takarda, watercolor, tawada, alkalami. Wani abu da za su iya zama a matsayin horo abu ga matsayi na hoto na yanayi, ta yanayi. Amma Levitan kowace rana ke Moscow. Kuma ba mamaki. A nuni a 1879 ya gabatar da zanen "Autumn rana. Sokolniki ". Yana rubuta wa mace adadi wa Nicholas Chekhov. Hoto-elegy nan da nan ta nuna godiya da kuma sayi P. Tretyakov. A Levitan ne ba "yawo-ta hanyar" na ayyuka. Ya ke har yanzu koyo, amma abin da Marinjãyi kewayon launuka a kan zane, "Oak", sunlit! Fenta ne musamman m ga kananan canje-canje detectable a yanayi da ke iya wuce su. Amma ba iyawa kuma fasaha Levitan aka ba a yarda ya samu a karshen makaranta a 1885 da take da artist. Wane ne Levitan bayan makaranta? Malamin rubutun.

Saba da Chekhov

Bayan kammala karatu daga kwalejin ko diploma, babu kudi da Ishaku Levitan ya ba. Ya zaunar kusa Moscow kusa Babkino inda baƙi iyali Chekhov. Ga karo na farko saduwa Anton Chekhov, da Ishaku, Ilich. By m Levitan abokinsa Michael Chekhov kai da ɗan'uwansa ta likita. Tun da su gabatarwar zai faru. An Rufe kuma m Levitan zahiri fure, shirkin da marabtar da kuma na gaisuwa iyali na Chekhov, inda duk abin da yake shirye domin m barkwanci da kuma kirkire-kirkire, da kuma shi ne jagoransu Anton Pavlovich. Murna da wani murmushi na rayuwa zai gudãna daga cikin zane "Birch Garka", wadda ta fara nan don rubuta Isaak Ilich Levitan. Tarihinsa da kuma Chekhov sukan lauye. A nan sai ya ci gaba da bayyana wa soyayya ga Rasha yanayi, kamar yadda sauki da kuma inconspicuous, amma wani lokacin da mãmãki gaisuwa da kuma upbeat. Chekhov Moscow yanayi don wani lokaci a yanzu fara da za a kira "levitanistoy". A kadan daga baya ya bada A. P. Chehovu Isaak Ilich Levitan photo tare da wani rubutu. The kusanci na biyu artists ce da biyu kananan zane-zane, wanda da artist ya zuwa marubuci. Daya ne ake kira "The River Istra" da kuma na biyu - "The oak kuma Birch." A da shi a kan bango na gandun daji kurmi, kunkuntar hanya, kusa da wanda yake shi ne mai iko oak, da kuma jingina shi tenderly bakin ciki da farin kadan Birch. Dukansu shimfidar ne a sama tebur da Anton Pavlovich tare da wani photo na artist.

"Birch Garka"

Duk abin da wannan igiyar su ne cika da haske. Ya zuba, ya taka a cikin kututturan, yin su haske da kuma whiter. A rana ta ratsa cikin ganye, kowane itacen da kai daga gare shi, kuma basked karkashin ta haskoki. Kawai ban mamaki da yawa, inuwõyinta suna kusa, kore samu da artist for aikinsa. Kawai wani nagartaccen master colorist iya aiki kusan biyu launuka ba tare da haifar da kallo da alama na monotony da talauci na launi palette. A akasin - shi ne mai arziki da kuma ba ya ci a daya taro. A bluish bluebells a cikin foreground ƙarfafa ra'ayi m matasa ciyawa da ya cika Lawn.

Crimea a cikin artist ta rayuwa

A wannan lokaci, a cikin tsakiyar 80s, inganta da kudi halin da ake ciki na artist, bayan ya yi aiki a Santa, amma ya kiwon lafiya da aka tabarbarewa, kuma ta gyara, ya tafi zuwa ga Crimea. Akwai farko ya yi farin ciki, rubuta romantic aiki, sa'an nan, kamar yadda ya yarda a haruffa zuwa Chekhov, gundura a Arewa. Ya zo da baya da kuma sa Crimean shimfidar ( "The Tatar hurumi. Crimea", "gaɓar teku. Crimea", "Ai-Petri", "The Crimean wuri mai faɗi", "A cikin Crimean Mountains") a kan Moscow nuni. Sai duk aka sayar fitar a farkon kwanaki. A rayuwa da ya kai Ishaku Ilich Levitan, biography da kuma hotuna na artist mataki-mataki da aka bayyana a cikin labarin.

a kan tafiyar jirgin ruwa

Da farko tafiya a kan Volga, kaddamar a cikin bazara na 1887, ya m. Ya yi dan m, ruwa da sanyi weather. A cikin Volga tsananin iska. Dadin ya koma. Volga amma ba daya daga cikin wadanda koguna da cewa za a iya manta. A shekara, ya sake ya tafi zuwa ga Volga. A nan sai ya tarar da garin Ples, a unguwar wanda ba impetus ga halittar fiye da shekara guda. The "Maraice a kan Volga" sannu a hankali da kuma majestically gudãna kogin m nisa. Babu akwai wani karshen ko baki. A wani gefen na gandun daji, ko da sosai a bayyane. Ya aka tsaye a kan kishiyar bakin bluish m tsiri a cikin taro magariba, da kuma narke, juya cikin bakin ciki tsiri. Volga zare jiki. Its ruwa nuna yamma girgije. Kawai high-high haske zinariya haske da saitin rana, wanda aka located a baya da zane-zane.

"Bayan da Rain. Ples ", 1889

Just m kogin. Amma duk abin da a kan shi wanke da ruwan sama da kuma hasken halayyar silvery haske. Wannan tsarkakuwa, kuma ripples a kan kogin tunãtar da su da ruwan sama, wanda ya kawo sabuntawa yanayi. Mutane gabatar a kaikaice. Sadarwa tare da su ne ta hanyar da cityscape a nesa, da kuma jiragen da kuma Bartmann-Wulf a kan tudu. Poetical da spiritualized wanda aka nuna a duniya. To, wãne ne Levitan? Ã'a, shi mawãƙi, wanda ya dauki sama da buroshi da kuma ba a magana, amma launuka da juna shawara jituwa, wanda shi ne wani lokacin zai yiwu.

Yi tafiya zuwa Yammacin Turai

A 1889-1890 gg. Levitan aka aika zuwa samun Masana zamani zanen a Faransa da kuma Italiya. Bugu da kari, ya ga ayyukan da artists na Barbizon School da Impressionists, Levitan da kansa ya rubuta da yawa shimfidar. Duk da haka, nan da karshen na tafiya da shi ya tunku? Ãwa kõma da baya gida, dukan iyali da cewa san kuma ya ji dukan zuciyata.

Period kololuwa samar ruhaniya dabi'u

Nineties - heyday art Levitan. Eh, da artist kansa. Ya ya kasance kullum kyau, amma yanzu ya zama gaye m mutum wanda, a Bugu da kari, ya janyo hankalin mutanen da ta ji na ƙwarai da delicacy. Idanunsa haskaka, bisa ga Chaliapin, "a rare poetic rai." A 1890, Levitan rubuta "Silent makõmarsu", wanda aka yi wa ciri daidai da jerin artist ta kwaikwayo na Ples da kuma Moscow gidajen ibada, gani Rasha mutumin akai-akai, da kuma yi wa, da Chekhov ta view, da so ka ci gaba da kuma kara shiga cikin faduwar rana a cikin teku na m ni'ima. Levitan, kamar kowa, ta buɗe asirin Rasha yanayi, ta m kyakkyawa.

Personal matsaloli

A Volga Levitan bai je shi kadai. Daga cikin sauran tare artist C. Kuvshinnikova. Wannan lady dauke da amorous kuma m Isaak Ilich Levitan. Biography of littafinsa a bayansa da tare da bayyana, amma m kuma na fasaha lady wanda ya zama m da shekaru 12. Game da su fara magana. Bayan Kuvshinnikova aka aure zuwa wani likita. A. P. Chehov rubuta labarin "The fara", a cikin abin da suka ga ma'aurata. A Levitan dauki laifi kuma m kashe dangantakar da Chekhov. Su sulhunta TL-Shchepkina Kupernik. Amma da Levitan shi ne mai m sulhu, domin yana fushi da cewa yana so ya duel. Saboda haka a nan ya mai hypochondriac Isaak Ilich Levitan. Ban sha'awa facts ransa ma dangantawa da Chekhov. Charming Levitan shi ne entree cikin gidan Sanata Turchaninova. Ya aka kwashe da matarsa, Sanata mai 'yar fadi cikin soyayya da Levitan. A wannan lokaci, fiye da kullum, Levitan fentin har yanzu lifes tare da furanni. Sa'an nan suka ɗebo a daya daga cikin ziyarar film "Maris", siffanta Estate Turchaninova. Wannan shi ne wani haske marigayi hunturu, wanda a baya babu wanda ya taba gani. Yana Snow White, da tsanin blue sama, blue inuwa a kan dusar ƙanƙara. Bayan Levitan zama muradi ake maimaita a cikin zane-zane Juon da Grabar. Back a Turchaninova gidan. A wannan labari ya sa hannu quite m yarinya, kuma shi nuna Levitan daga balance, kuma ko da harbe artist. Chekhov ya ji wannan irin theatricality a matsayin rauni ba tsanani ga rayuwa. Bugu da kari, a wannan lokaci Levitan kashe wani tsuntsun seagull, wanda ya kawo a cikin gidan da kuma jefa shi a ƙafa na mata. Shi ne mai tragicomic faru a cikin abin da ya Isaak Ilich Levitan. Facts na rayuwa da artist fara A. P. Chehova m turu da aka nuna a cikin play "The tsuntsun seagull."

"A pool" (1892)

A wannan lokaci, Levitan damu game da su gaza romance da Kuvshinnikova da Turchaninova da kuma kimanta a kan yanayin da ciki ji. Ƙararrawa - wannan shi ne babban muradi na wannan aiki, wanda yake rufe kallo. A cikin wadannan guda wuraren da Pushkin ya rubuta "aljannar ruwa".

"Vladimirka" (1892)

M hanya laifin a Siberia. Abin da yanayin mutane da aka yankewa hukuncin naƙudarta a cikin marũruwa a sararin expanses kuma karkashin iskar rãnã da zuba sanyi kaka ruwan sama. Wannan kufai fili Levitan zumudi sosai cewa shi ga 'yan zaman a wannan numfashi fentin da ya Pavel Tretyakov.

"Madawwami Allahi" (1894)

Cape dilapidated ɗakin sujada hurumi. Wind bends itatuwa bakin ciki, kuma ga alama cewa a little more kuma ya zai gudanar da hurumi, da kuma kadan coci. Bezbrezhen sararin da lake a karkashin wani sama da gizagizai overhanging gubar. yanayi ne sha'aninsu dabam to mutum ne madawwami. Yana kawo bakin ciki da melancholy tunani a kan madawwami - wani mutum shi kadai, ya smallness a grand al'arshi. Man ji kura talikai. hoto na wani m da kuma bayyana a fili. Biyu daga uku na zane daukan sama. Kawai Dome na ɗakin sujada, directed a sama, an yi tsayayya da ikon da abubuwa. Bangaskiya, da kuma bangaskiya kadai zai taimaka mutum tsira.

"Spring. High Ruwa "(1897)

A karshe shekaru na zane-zane - shi ne shi mai babbar Yunƙurin. Babu hanyar don bayyana abin da ya yi a lokacin Isaak Ilich Levitan, wanda aikin ne musamman bambance bambancen. Lyric shayari kuma haske - shi ne aikinsa "Spring. Big ruwa ". Tun suna yara, da spring ne ya fi so lokaci na shekara. Saboda haka unworldly mutumin waka yabon Allah to da kyau na da wani resurgent kodadde blue sama, Azure ruwa, bakin ciki haske bishiya. A nan, a cikin wannan sihirce ƙasar, fi zaman lafiya da shiru, wanda dissolves duk wanda aka kawo wa dubi zanen. Saboda haka, wanda yake Levitan? The artist-Falsafa, artist da kuma Lyricist wanda mafi iya bayyana kyau na Rasha low-key yanayi da ta m fara'a.

Cututtukan zuciya ya ɗauki rai na mahalicci ba a lokacin da ya shekara talatin da shekaru tara. Ya mutu a cikin 1900. Too farkon ya mutu Isaak Ilich Levitan. Kerawa, duk da zane-zane, mafi fice, mu yi kokari mu tantance, ba tare da rasa babban - da ikon cika da numfashin rai ayyukansa. Yanzu ya toka ne a cikin Novodevichy hurumi a Moscow.