Jiki Properties na acetic acid, da dabara

Talakawa edible vinegar kwalban, wanda za a iya samu a kitchen na kowane uwargida ya hada da dama sauran acid da kuma bitamin. Ƙara wani biyu daga samfurin saukad cikin dafa abinci, salads Yanã halitta dandano kayan haɓaka aiki. Amma 'yan daga mu tsanani tunani game da kaddarorin da real har na yin amfani da babban bangaren - acetic acid.

Menene wannan kaya?

Formula acetic acid _CH3COOH cewa dangantaka da shi da adadin carboxylic m acid. A gaban wani carboxyl kungiyar (COOH) Ya sanya shi wani monobasic acid. The abu samu a kan ƙasa da Organic tsari da kuma an samu synthetically a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje. Acid shi ne mafi sauki, amma ba kasa muhimmanci wakilin ta kewayo. Saukake narkewa a cikin ruwa, hygroscopic.

Jiki Properties na acetic acid da yawa bambanta da zazzabi. A dakin da zazzabi da 20 ° ^C acid ne a cikin wani ruwa jihar, yana mai yawa na 1.05 g / cm ^3. Yana yana da wani takamaiman wari da kuma m iyawa. A bayani na abu ba tare da Additives taurare da kuma zama lu'ulu'u a zazzabi da ke ƙasa 17 ° ^C. The aiwatar fara ruwan acetic acid a zazzabi sama 117 ° ^C. methyl kungiyar (CH ₃₎ acetic acid na dabara aka samu ta hanyar maida martani da alcohols tare da oxygen: abubuwa da giya fermentation na carbohydrates, souring ruwan inabi.

A kadan tarihi

Opening na vinegar da aka daya daga cikin na farko a cikin jerin acid da aka yi, a cikin hãlãye. Da farko, acetic acid fara cire ta barasan Arab malamai na 8th karni. Duk da haka, a zamanin d Roma a abu samu daga ruwan tsami da aka yi amfani da matsayin duniya miya. A sosai sunan daga Girkanci nufin "m". A 17th karni a Turai, masana kimiyya sun iya cire m abu abu. A wannan lokacin, da suka dauki da dabara da kuma samu wani sabon abu ikon - acetic acid a cikin tururi jihar kunna blue harshen wuta.

Up har cikin karni na 19th, masana kimiyya sun samu gaban acetic acid a cikin wani kwayoyin form kawai - a matsayin wani ɓangare na mahadi da kuma salts na esters. Kamar yadda wani ɓangare na shuke-shuke da 'ya'yan itatuwa: apples, inabi. A mutane da dabbobi, gumi tukar tumbi, bile. A farkon karni na 20th, Rasha da masana kimiyya da ka fitar da acetaldehyde daga dauki na acetylene da Mercury oxide. A halin yanzu, acetic acid amfani don haka babban abin da ta farko hakar faruwa kawai synthetically a kan wata babbar sikelin.

samar da hanyoyin

Ko nau'i na m acetic acid ko gaban impurities a cikin bayani Ya dogara da hakar Hanyar. Abinci acetic acid da aka samu biochemically a lokacin ethanol fermentation. A masana'antu, da dama hanyoyin asirce acid hakar. Yawancin lokaci, halayen suna tare da high yanayin zafi da kuma gaban catalysts:

• Methanol a dauki tare da carbon (carbonylation).
• Oxygen hadawan abu da iskar shaka na man fetur kasarun adadi.
• Pyrolysis na itace.
• Oxygen hadawan abu da iskar shaka na acetaldehyde.

Industrial tsari ga tasiri da kuma tattali biochemical. Saboda masana'antu tsari, da adadin acetic acid samar a 20 ga watan da kuma 21 karni har zuwa daruruwan sau idan aka kwatanta da 19th karni. A halin yanzu, acetic acid da carbonylation na methanol kira bayar da fiye da 50% na samar girma.

Jiki Properties na acetic acid da kuma tasirin da take da kan nuna alama

A acetic acid ruwa ne colorless. acidity PH 2,4 ne sauƙi tabbatar da litmus takarda. Acetic acid a lamba tare da Paints shi a kan nuna alama a ja. Jiki Properties na acetic acid canza gani. Lokacin da yawan zafin jiki saukad da kasa 16 ^{° C,} da abu daukan wani m tsari da kuma kama da kananan kankara lu'ulu'u ne. Shi ne readily mai narkewa a cikin ruwa da kuma reacts tare da mai fadi da kewayon kaushi wasu fiye da hydrogen sulfide. Acetic acid rage total girma na ruwa a kan dilution da ruwa. Da kansa ya kwatanta jiki Properties na acetic acid, da launi da kuma irin zane, wanda ka gani a cikin wadannan image.

The abu ne kunna a zazzabi na 455 ^{° C} da saki zafi zuwa 876 KJ / mol. A matauni nauyi ne 60,05 g / mol. Jiki Properties na acetic acid a matsayin electrolyte a cikin halayen ne mai rauni. A dielectric akai shi ne 6,15 a dakin da zazzabi. Matsa lamba a matsayin yawa, - wani m jiki da dukiya acetic acid. A wani matsin lamba na 40 mm. Hg. Art. da zazzabi na 42 ^{° C} don fara tafasar tsari. Amma riga a matsa lamba na 100 mm. Hg. Art. tafasar ya auku ne kawai a 62 ^° C

sinadaran Properties

Reacts tare da karafa da kuma oxides abu farfado da acidic Properties. Excellent rushe wani hadadden mahadi, acid siffofin salts wanda ake kira acetates :. Magnesium, gubar, potassium, da dai sauransu Pk darajar da acid ne 4,75.

A lokacin da hulda da gas zo a cikin vinegar canzawa dauki , ya bi ta hanyar kawar da kuma samar da wata karin hadaddun acid: chloroacetic, iodoacetic. Narkewa a cikin ruwa, acid dissociates da a saki acetate ions da hydrogen protons. A mataki na dissociation ne 0.4 bisa dari.

Jiki da kuma sinadaran Properties na acetic acid kwayoyin a cikin crystalline form Diamer don ƙirƙirar hydrogen shaidu. Har ila yau, da kaddarorin ne zama dole don ƙirƙirar mafi hadaddun m acid, biosynthesis na steroids da kuma sterols.

awon gwajin

Gane acetic acid a cikin bayani za a iya samu ta hanyar ganowa ta jiki Properties, kamar wari. Isasshen bayani da aka kara wa mai karfi acid, wanda za'a fara a kau da vinegar gishiri da rabuwa ta tururi. By awon barasan COONa CH ₃ da H ₂ SO ₄ ne mai yiwuwa a samu acetic acid a bushe siffan.

Mun zana kwarewa daga makaranta manhaja a cikin sunadarai aji 8. The jiki Properties a fili acetic acid rasstvoreniya sunadarai dauki. Yana isa don ƙara wani abu a cikin bayani, da jan karfe oxide da kuma dan kadan dimi shi. A oxide ne gaba daya narkar da, yin bluish bayani.

Kalam jamiái

Ingantaccen dauki abu da yawa mafita form: esters, amides kuma salts. Duk da haka, a lokacin da samar da wasu abubuwa, da bukatun ga jiki Properties na acetic acid ne high. Yana dole ne ko da yaushe suna da wani babban mataki na rushe kuma, saboda haka, kada da ɓangare na uku impurities.

Dangane da taro na ruwa-ruwa bayani na acetic acid ware wani yawan Kalam. abu maida hankali fiye da 96% na da sunan - glacial acetic acid. Acetic acid a 70-80% za a iya saya a rumfarsa ta saida Stores, inda za a kira - vinegar ainihi. Vinegar yana da wani taro na 3-9%.

Acetic acid da kuma rayuwar yau da kullum

Bugu da kari ga abinci fasali, acetic acid yana da dama jiki Properties wanda mutãne ya samu da aikace-aikace a rayuwa. A bayani na wani low maida hankali abu saukin kawar da plaque daga karfe articles, surface madubai da windows. Da ikon zuwa sha danshi kuma taka amfani. Vinegar ne mai kyau gusar musty kamshi a dakuna, ta kawar da stains daga 'ya'yan itace da kayan lambu don tufafi.

Kamar yadda ya juya waje, da jiki da dukiyar da acetic acid - don cire kitsen daga surface - za a iya yi amfani da jama'a magani da kuma cosmetology. A rauni bayani na vinegar bi da gashi yi su haskaka. The abu ne yadu amfani domin lura da colds, da kau da warts, da kuma cutaneous fungi. Samun lokacinta da yin amfani da vinegar a cikin abun da ke ciki na kwaskwarima shigar domin yaki da cellulite.

A amfani a yi na

A salts na mahadi, da sauran hadaddun abubuwa acetic acid abubuwa a matsayin wani makawa kashi:

• Pharmaceutical masana'antu. Don ƙirƙirar: asfirin, antiseptic da antibacterial man shafawa, phenacetin.
• Production na roba zaruruwa. Incombustible film, cellulose acetate.
• Masana'antun sarrafa kayayyakin abinci. Domin nasara adana, yin pickles, da biredi, kamar yadda wani abinci ƙari E260.
• Yadi masana'antu. Kawota tare da dyes.
• kayan shafawa da kuma na sirri kula kayayyakin masana'antu. Aromatic mai, creams inganta fata sautin.
• Production mordants. Amfani da wani magani da kuma mai mordant na weeds.
• Tsirar da varnishes. Fasaha kaushi acetone samar.

A shekara acetic acid yi ta ƙara. A halin yanzu, ta girma a duniya ne fiye da 400 dubu ton a kowace wata. acid da aka hawa da wani karfi karfe tankuna. Storage a wani filastik ganga a mutane da yawa masana'antu saboda high jiki da kuma sinadaran aiki na acetic acid da aka haramta ko iyakance zuwa wani lokaci na watanni da dama.

aminci

Acetic acid na babban taro na da uku mataki na ƙonewa da kuma fitarda mai guba tururi. An shawarar sa musamman masks da sauran sirri m kayan aiki a lõkacin da aiki tare da acid. Kashi na mutuwa a jikin mutum ta 20 ml. A lokacin da ya saki da abu a cikin acid da farko konewa da mucosa, sa'an nan rinjayar sauran gabobin. A irin haka ne bukatar nan da nan asibiti.

Bayan lamba tare da acid a cikin fallasa fata Nagari nan da nan rinsed da ruwan famfo. Na waje ƙona acid zai iya haifar da nama necrosis, wanda kuma bukatar arin.

ban sha'awa facts

Masana kimiyya Physiology gano cewa wani mutum ba a bukatar liyafar acetic acid - iya yi ba tare da abinci Additives. Amma mutane da rashin ha} uri ga acid, kazalika da ciki matsaloli, abu contraindicated.

Acetic acid da aka yi amfani da typography.

Abu a cikin wani karamin adadin da aka samu a cikin zuma, da ayaba da alkama.

Bayan da sanyaya, acetic acid, da kuma cika fuska girgiza up damar da shi, za ka iya duba ta ban mamaki hardening.

A kananan taro na acetic acid na iya rage zafi alama na cizon kwari da kuma qananan konewa.

Yanayin aiki a kayayyakin abinci tare da low abun ciki na acetic acid rage matakin cholesterol a cikin jiki. The abu ne da stabilizes da jini sugar matakan da masu ciwon sukari.

A amfani da furotin da kuma carbohydrate abinci tare da karamin adadin acetic acid ƙara musu digestibility kwayoyin.

Idan abinci ne ma m, kawai ƙara 'yan saukad da na vinegar zuwa santsi saltiness.

a karshe

Millennium amfani da acetic acid kai ga cewa ta jiki da kuma sinadaran Properties nemi hanya a kowane bi da bi. Daruruwan yiwu halayen, dubban amfani da abubuwa, saboda abin da mutãne ke faruwa. Muhimmanci ga sani duk siffofin na acetic acid, ta tabbatacce kuma korau fasali.

Kada ka manta game da amfanin, amma ya kamata mu tuna da yaushe abin da lalacewar zai iya sa wani m amfani da wani babban taro na acetic acid. A ta da hadari, ta yana tsaye kusa da hydrochloric acid da kuma sulfuric acid. Koyaushe tuna aminci a lokacin da yin amfani da acid. Yadda ya kamata, kuma a hankali tsarma jigon ruwa.