Irony, satire, mutumci a cikin adabi - shi ... parse irin comic

Da farko, wajibi ne a ayyana comic. Wannan shi ne na musamman kayan aiki da damar bude, domin kauda rayuwa ta saba wa juna, kuma da saba dariya. Humor a cikin adabi, wannan, sãɓã wa jũnamai iya lura kawai a kan fi'ili matakin, mãkirci motsa (lokacin da gwarzo, misali, da dama a cikin wasu funny yanayi) ko a cikin yanayi (rashin kai girma da kansa wani hali saba wa kowa hankali).

Hakika, dariya dariya jayayya. Satire da kuma mutumci, a wallafe-wallafen - ne biyu daban-daban Concepts. Idan na farko ya shafi alheri dariya a haruffan da labari ko gajeren labarin, da karshen fi son la'anta da tabbaci da haruffa da kuma munanan ayyuka. Kuma shi ne nisa daga funny labaru Shukshin farkon Chekhov - kazalika daga wasu 'yan takardu Swift - grotesque da phantasmagoric unjoinable plexus. Wannan irin dariya yana da ba na gaisuwa.

Humor a adabi - yana da ...

Wannan jinsin aka dauke su mafi m na comic. A bambanci, shi ne mai kyau satire, bezzloben, ko da yake ba bã tãre da wani mai tsanani. Its Babban burin - don taimaka da hali to rabu da su bad halaye. Humor a cikin adabi - shi ne jerin comic yanayi, m kuskure. Duk da haka, da gwarzo, domin ba su rasa kyawawa, wanda shi ne ba zai yiwu ba a "Matattu Rayukan" da "Tarihin wani Town". Wallafe-wallafe ya tabbatar da shi. Sancho Panza ne rungumi irin wannan hali. Shĩ ne da nisa daga manufa: matsoraci, ko da yaushe shiryar da ya baƙauye Prudence, wanda shi ne dalilin da ya sa ta ba da damar da shi su ji masa rauni kansa.

A key alama na ci mutumci - a lokacin da kirki dariya a wani, ba ka lura da kamar yadda ka fara kula da su shortcomings, kokarin gyara su. Amfani da wannan version na comic ba ka damar samun a wani mahaukaci mai hikima, bai isa a kula - da daukaka, da kuma gano na gaskiya yanayin da mugun. Ba tare da mutumci ba zai iya rayuwa da wani al'ada mutum, ko ya ciki jinsin ne a wurin. Remarque da zarar ya ce, mun dariya da wargi a duk saboda bai wa wani cikin walwala da annashuwa. Kuma saboda ba tare da shi, mun ɓace.

Aiki embodying abubuwa na ci mutumci, a da yawa daga Rasha wallafe-wallafe. Wannan shine labarin litattafan Gogol, kuma zuwa abin da har cikin play Ostrovsky, Chekhov. Soviet adabi ya ba mu Zoshchenko, Bulgakov, Shukshin da yawa wasu. Bugu da kari, akwai ci mutumci a cikin yara adabi (sanannen "The Kasadar Tom Sawyer").

irony

Irony bambanta musamman maraba a lokacin da, a gaskiya, da korau da ma'anar maganar da aka boye a baya ta waje tabbatacce gefen. A wannan m dariya riga ta samu launi. Kwatanta sama misalai na ci mutumci a cikin adabi da kuma yin amfani da irony a wasu daga cikin waqoqi na Nekrasov. Alal misali, a cikin "KALISTRATOV" comic sakamako dogara ne a kan 'yan adawa ya yi alkawarin uwa cewa ta yaro zai rayu rayuwa na farin ciki, da kuma gaskiyar da baƙauye ta dan a wannan al'umma.

Domin gane irony, ya kamata ka ko da yaushe la'akari da mahallin. Alal misali, a Chichikov "Matattu Rayukan," shugaban 'yan sandan ya kira wani da-karanta mutumin. Da alama cewa a cikin wannan sanarwa babu wani abu da damar zuwa shakka ya fallibility. Duk da haka, daga baya da ya riwaito ci gaba: "Mun yi (cewa shi ne, shugaban 'yan sanda) duk dare rasa a whist." A irony, kazalika da ci mutumci a cikin adabi - mai haduwa da biyu da tsare-tsaren, conventionally ake magana a kai a matsayin ba da su ba. Duk da haka, a cikin hali na "Matattu Rayukan" shi ne mataki na raunana, izgili a abu a sama. A daidai wannan lokaci da wannan rabo da za'ayi a cikin ka'idar, ba zai iya ko da yaushe a shiryar da a yi.

satire

Idan mutumci a cikin adabi - shi ne saba izgili da mutum, da satire ne da nufin a fannoni na rayuwar zamantakewa cewa cancanci zargi. Cimma karshe, yawanci da okarikaturivaniya, a zahiri, hoton a wani m hanya. Don sa shi a alamance, da satire executes wannan ajizai duniya, an yi kome don sake gina shi tare da su manufa shirin. Yana ba ku nẽmi auku a lifelike hali, ya wasa, exaggerates shi, shi ya kawo ga m.

A daukan hankali misali na satire - "The Master kuma Margarita" by Bulgakov. Special cancanta izgili "Griboyedov House", wanda daga adabi kome aka bari, da kuma duk kofofin a "al'adu" ma'aikata sun rataye ãyõyi "kifi-rani mazauni sashe."

Bayani dalla-dalla satire bayyana dalilin mafi shi aiwatuwa a wani labari form. Yana da wani labari iya rufe kamar yadda zai yiwu duniyoyin na gaskiya. A wannan satire ne ko da yaushe dace. Hakika, idan satirist fara bijirar da ba da muhimmanci (ko ƙarancin) laifuffuka, sa'an nan ya fuskantar zama dariya stock.

sarcasm

Tare da sarcasm Greek da fassara - "azãba." Wannan irin comic irony ne kusa, amma fushi aka bayyana mafi bayyane tsauta mafi fili. Alal misali, a cikin "Duma," mawãƙi ce sarcastically cewa Sahaban ne wadãtattu shimfiɗar jariri, "kurakurai daga ubanninsu da daga baya su tuna." Sarcasm ne yadu amfani a cikin wasu 'yan takardu da kuma sauran irin wannan nau'o'i.

grotesque

A cikin karni na 15th, Raphael tare da almajiransa a lokacin archaeological tono samu m zane, wanda ya zama sananne a matsayin grotesque (daga kalmar "wakiltar"). Its bayani dalla-dalla ne da cewa comic sakamako dogara ne a kan tare da na real da dama, ko da m. Isar da shi a lõkacin da m hanci Manjo Kovalev litattafan Gogol magajin gari ko kuma wani cushe kai a Saltykov-Shchedrin ta labari.