Iri Concepts: dabaru domin duk

Muna kullum tsayar da dokokin dabaru a rayuwar yau da kullum. Amma, abin takaici, da nazarin wannan kimiyya zuwa cikakken wuce a kawai 'yan ikon tunani a jami'o'i.

Akwai daban-daban iri Concepts, dabaru wanda za a iya gano daga zamanin da. Yana fara da "Organon" na Aristotle (wannan shi ne gargajiya sunan ga shida tractates tunanin samarwa Andronnik Rhodes - m da ayyukan Falsafa).

Daga bisani modified da Aristotelian ideas na Renaissance Falsafa Frensis Bekon, daya daga cikin na farko empirical lokacinsa. Hadishi ya ba da rubutun da ake kira "New Organon". By tunanin Aristotle, ya mayar da martani tare da shakka, la'akari da cewa aiki na kimiyya - to yi wani sabon Hanyar na ilimi da kuma amfana dukan mutane. Bacon soki tsohon dabaru cewa, a cikin ra'ayi, da ke sa wani rikici a general tsarin ilmi game da tunani. Ya sanya, a sama da dukan da kwarewa da kuma cikin inductive Hanyar.

Ya kamata a lura da cewa dabaru a cikin karni na 20th, ɓullo musamman maida, zama a probabilistic, ilmin lissafi, daidai da jiwuwa tsarin. Amma har yanzu, da m ma'ana dokoki ne na girma methodological muhimmanci ga duk kimiyyar.

m dabaru

By ta dokokin ne da kuma iri na kyama. A dabaru kewaye gina gabatar, wanda shi ne wani jerin "ra'ayi - shari'a (ko sanarwa) - hasashe." A sauki, amma a lokaci guda shi ne na asali ra'ayi. Kafin ka gina wata sanarwa da yin yanke hukunci akan shi (cire), dole ne ka yi wani ra'ayi na magana, to fahimta ta da muhimmanci fasali. Wannan ba ware images of azanci shine fahimta, wanda gina mafi m tunani. Magana, daga ãyõyin mu'ujizõji, da tuna da takamaiman fasali na bambance-bambance ko kamance. A hallmark na ayyukan wannan dukiya, wanda shi ne muhimmi ne kawai ga wannan musamman batun.

Concept - wannan tunanin gani a cikin wani nau'i na sauran yawan jama'a (ko hadin kai) da kuma gagarumin kowa halayen wani abu.

Idan akai la'akari da dabaru iri Concepts, misalai na wanda duba sosai sauki. Sabawa da kalmar "cat", mun yi zaton na wani takamaiman sa na fasali: fika, Jawo, ke tsaye bakin ramin, meow, kamawa beraye. Wannan tarin ne a kanta raba ra'ayi, saboda haka muna iya cewa manufar "cat" hadaddun. Yana hada da sauran Concepts, wanda aka riga aka ambata a sama.

iri Concepts

Concepts ne kamar haka:

1. rajista (ya amsa wannan tambaya "Wane irin mutum?", "Lokacin da?", "A ina?"). Misalan wadannan Concepts: "mutanen da suka rayu a yau a Ivanovo," "Madagascar", "Fyodor Dostoevsky". Su, bi da bi, ya kasu kashi mutum (waɗanda suke wakiltar wani takamaiman batu - "Dzhek London") da kuma janar ( "marubuci", "Jihar").

2. ba zai iya gane ( "kalma", "dabbobi", "mutum"). Suna iya zama wasu kawai qualitatively da wani m adadin kunshe a wadannan Concepts, sakamakon da dama da suka abubuwa ba za a iya kidaya. Wadannan irin matsalolin da dabaru wani lokacin ya raba ma bude (ba zai iya gane) da rufaffiyar (rikodi).

3. The ba komai da komai a kan yarda ko noncompliance tare da takamaiman Concepts zuwa wani abu a cikin real duniya.

4. The m da kankare. A farko shi ne ra'ayi game da dangantakar da ko Properties daga cikin abu ( "girma", "girma", "ƙarfin hali"), yayin da karshen ce game da takamaiman batutuwa ( "post", "gidan kudan zuma").

5. Korau (magana game da rashi na da kaddarorin wani takamaiman batu, kamar "ba mutum", "a cat") da kuma m ( "cat", "mutane").

6. correlative da abin da. Wadannan irin matsalolin da dabaru characterizes matsayin mai zaman kanta da juna da kuma m. Wannan ne, misali, manufar " 'ya'yan inabi" da "kafar" a wata hanya dogara a kan juna, saboda za su iya a yi la'akari da abin da.

ƙarshe

M dabaru na da yawan shortcomings da aka gano da dama ƙarni mafi gogaggen gabascin. Saboda zamani dabaru, ko a yarda da ka'idodinta m, amma har yanzu daban-daban, daga karshe more cikakken tsarin. Har ila yau, wannan kimiyya ne yadu amfani da dama lissafi lissafin. Amma da irin ma'anar dabaru ba ya rasa ta munasaba a yau. Saboda haka, kowace tunanin mutum kawai bukatar samun matsahi na saba da tsarin irin wannan lokaci kamar yadda 'ra'ayi'.