Ilimi: koyon raga, manufofin, akida,

Ilimi ne sarrafawa ta musamman shirya aiwatar da hulda tsakanin malami da dalibai, da nufin a assimilation na ilimi da kuma tsarin basira, kazalika da samuwar zama na gaba na dalibai, da ci gaban karfin da basira na kai-da bunqasar daidai da nufin manufofin.

Makasudin. matakin m

Dalilin da horo - shi ne sakamakon mai shirya ilmantarwa tsari, a gaskiya, shi ne abin da wannan tsari ne directed. IP Podlas yayi bambancin makasudin a uku matakan:

1. Siyasa: manufar aiki a matsayin abu na jihar siyasa a fagen ilimi.

2. Gudanarwa: makasudin ne dabarun magance duniya matsaloli na ilimi (a yankin matakin ko hukumomi matakin).

3. Ayyuka: haƙiƙa an dauki matsayin aiki manufarsu a aiwatar da horo a cikin wani musamman aji na ƴan tare da da wani abun da ke ciki.

Matsalar bambantawa na makasudin

Dalili na da rarrabuwa na manufar makasudin aiwatar suna da wadannan sharudda:

1. Auna da al'umma: general / masu zaman kansu, a duniya.

2. A rabo daga cikin Tsarin ilimi, shi ne alhakin kafa da kuma cimma su: jihar (wajabta a jihar ilimi nagartacce) a raga obschevuzovskie, baiwa, babban coci da sauransu.

3. Mayar da hankali a kan ci gaban wasu gine na hali: da bukatar-motivational substructure, wani tunanin, fahimi, kuma volitional.

4. Description Harshe manufofin: batu-na ra'ayi form, batu-dejatelnostnaja.

Taxonomic m B. Bloom

Bi da bi, B. Blum yayi da kansa manufa rarrabuwa, tabbatas horo. Makasudin ya kyan gani, cikin sharuddan takamaiman taxonomies (taxonomies). A farko ne da nufin samar da wani taxonomy na fahimi yankin. Yana hada shida Categories kwallaye:

- ilmi category (dangane da takamaiman abu da terminology sharudda, facts, ma'anar et al.).

- fahimtar da category (fassarar, bayani, extrapolation).

- category aikace-aikace.

- kira category (shiri na raya / mataki tsarin m dangantakar).

- analysis category (musayar da ka'idodinta yi).

- kimantawa (hukuncin dangane da samuwa data, da kuma na waje sharudda).

Na biyu ya mayar da hankali a kan taxonomy affective Sphere.

Principles of yi horo ayyuka

NF Talyzina ta gabatar da wani tsarin mika mulki selection da kuma bayanin hankula matsaloli a cikin tsarin ilmantarwa. Wadannan ayyuka suna nuna a wani matsayi, kasancewa biyu a matsayi na mafi girma ilimi dalilai. Kowane matakin na da mayar da hankali, dangane da ikon yinsa, daga nan gaba kwararru basira.

farko matakin

Matakin qarshe na da matsayi ne shagaltar da ayyuka da cewa bukatar su iya warware duk da masana, ko na musamman sana'a bada horo manufofin ko yanayin wuri. Duk da haka, da suka iya zama saboda da halin da tarihi epoch. Game da mu lokaci a cikin yawan irin ayyuka ne:

- muhalli (don rage mummunan tasirin a kan yanayin da masana'antu ko wasu ayyukan mutane, da dai sauransu).

- ci gaba da matsala a post-samuwar tsarin (tasiri aiki tare da bayanai - search, ajiya, yi amfani da kuma amfani da al.).

- ayyuka alaka da na gama hali na da rinjaye siffofin zamani ayyuka (samuwar lambobi a cikin tawagar, shiryawa da kuma shirya hadin gwiwa, da bincike na da bayani dalla-dalla na mutum factor a kan aiwatar da kiyasin sakamakon, da sauransu.).

mataki na biyu

A na biyu matakin da aka kasaftawa a sa na ayyuka da cewa su ne musamman don a} asa. Game da kasa tsarin ilimi, mafi gaggawa ne matsalar hade tare da samuwar da kuma ci gaban kasuwar dangantakar (kasuwar bincike, yiwuwa karatu, da search for dace abokan da kuma kudade kafofin, da gabatarwa da kaya a cikin gida da kuma kasashen waje kasuwanni, da dai sauransu).

Har ila yau, a wannan matakin alama a raga da kuma manufofin da horo alaka da matsaloli a cikin Sphere na dangantakar kasa da kasa (kasa hadisai da kuma al'adu, ci gaban da wani m hali zuwa kasa ji, da kin amincewa da kasa da kuma chauvinist matsayi, da dai sauransu). A karshe, manufar bunkasa horo ga zamani masu sana'a ne kuma a cikin samuwar masana'antu-warwarewa basira, kociya da kuma matsalolin tattalin a cikin zamantakewa da siyasa, yanayi na zamani al'umma (demokra] iyya da harkokin siyasa, talla, addini haƙuri, da dai sauransu).

uku matakin

The uku matakin ne mafi voluminous da kunshi da masu sana'a ayyuka. A general sharuddan, wadannan ayyuka suna zuwa kashi uku main iri:

- nazari (basira shiryawa da kuma dauke da fitar da bincike aikin a cikin wannan filin).

- m (samun wani musamman sakamakon - da shiri na shuka, da littafin edition, da kuma haƙuri dawo da al.).

- pedagogical (koyar da wani takamaiman batu a makaranta ko a aiki da horo - misali, a lokacin da akwai wata manufa na waje harshen koyarwa).

Ka yi la'akari da burin da ka'idodinta koyo daga pre-makaranta shekaru yara.

Ka'idodi na makarantan nasare da ilimi da kuma horo tsarin

Common ayyuka da cewa ayyana makasudin horo da kuma ilimi na makarantan nasare yara za a iya bambanta kamar haka.

1. A shekarar farko ta rayuwa:

- don kula da karfafa kiwon lafiya na yara, don tabbatar da su da cikakken jiki ci gaba, kula da m wani tunanin jihar na yaro. tabbatar da yanayin da rana m zuwa shekaru da yanayin jiki na yaro.

- kafa na gani-aural fuskantarwa. fadada da kuma wadãtar da azanci shine kwarewa na yara. ci gaba da ikon fahimtar magana adult da aiwatar da shiri matakai don Mastering da aiki magana. inganta hada a kai-aiwatar kafa abubuwa halayyar gudanar, wani tunanin responsiveness kula da ƙauna da kuma yara.

- ulla Fage ado ji - janye sha'awa a cikin hotuna, music, tsarkakewa, da dai sauransu, to tsare bincika sakamakon ..

- taimakawa wajen ci gaba da basira da yaro, ya dace a cikin shekaru Manuniya.

2. A shekara ta biyu ta rayuwa:

- karfafa da kuma hardening na jiki; ci gaba na farko motsi tsarin.

- da samuwar na farko basira na neatness da kuma kai-da sabis.

- ƙamus da kuma kunna bukatar sadarwa; stimulating da fahimi matakai (ji, da hankali, memory, da dai sauransu).

- samuwar magudi basira da abubuwa;

- ulla hali al'ada basira (gaishe, bar, na gode, da dai sauransu ...).

- Development of ado ji (girmamawa a kan launi, siffar, wari, da dai sauransu ...).

- ci gaban da m iyawa.

3. A shekara ta uku ta rayuwa:

- karfafa jiki kiwon lafiya; al'adu da kiwon lafiya da ayyuka

- samuwar da abubuwa na gani-alama da tunani; ci gaban da fahimi matakai.

- ci gaban da azanci shine kwarewa;

- ulla wani asali ilmi game da na'urar da na halitta dokokin.

- da ci gaban jawabin, ƙamus.

- karfafa yara don sadarwa tare da juna; gudanar da rawar-wasa wasanni.

- ci gaban da m ji.

4. A shekara ta huɗu ta rayuwa:

- kiwon lafiya gabatarwa, hardening na jiki; fitarwa daidai hali. samuwar aiki motor aiki;

- haramta motsa sha'awa cikin adult rayuwa, mayar da hankali a kan abubuwa da mamaki na zaman jama'a da kuma al'adu yanayi.

- ci gaban da ikon elemental bincike, da ikon kafa sauki alaka tsakanin mamaki da kuma abubuwa da muhalli;

- da ci gaban jawabin, da ikon hankali shirya sentences.

- ci gaban da sauraron basira, da ikon saka idanu aukuwa aiki (littattafai, majigin yara, da dai sauransu ...).

- ci gaban da na farko ilmin lissafi wakilci (daya / a jam'i na, mafi / kasa et al.).

- siffata wani tabbatacce hali zuwa ga aikin.

- ci gaban da ban sha'awa a cikin daban-daban na wasanni, tawagar gasa.

- ci gaban da ado da kuma damar iya yin komai m.

Ilimin motsa jiki a cikin yaro ta koyo tsarin

Ƙarfafa da kiwon lafiya na yaro ne babban muhimman hakkokin bangaren na ilimi tsari a duk shekaru da matakan, wanda ƙayyade da ci gaba da kuma horo. Makasudin kai tsaye a cikin ilimi tsari iya bambanta. Kamar yadda wani mai rarrabẽwa zai yi shekaru iyaka, kazalika da ƙayyadaddu da wani ilimi batu. Tare da takamaiman game da ilimin motsa jiki, babu wani takamaiman bambancin. A wannan yanayin, manufar da horo - shi ne da farko samuwar Na'urar sunadaran (m-Na'urar sojojin - sinadaran, ta jiki, da dai sauransu) Kuma da tabbatarwa daga cikin yaro ta rigakafi.

Abubuwan da rage jiki ta kariya daga yaro hada da: yunwa, sha, ji, take hakkin da tsarin mulki na rana. Abubuwan da kara jiki ta defenses: tafiya a kan iska, tempering, gaisuwa yanayi.

Haka kuma, aikin da malama a cikin wannan filin zai kasance, a hannu daya, to neutralize da kuma rage tasiri a kan jiki da ci gaban da yaro abubuwan da raunana jiki ta rigakafi da tsarin. da kuma a kan sauran - a cikin ci gaba da kuma kara kuzari na m da kuma Na'urar ikon jiki na yaro a kudi na yadda ya kamata shirya rage cin abinci, jiki tsarin hardening, wani m m sauyin yanayi, da dai sauransu, rigakafin cututtuka da kuma kullum cututtuka, kazalika da rauni rigakafi da arziki na farko pre-likita .. taimaka. Yana da muhimmanci a yi la'akari da peculiarities na yanayi, wanda ke da yaro, da yarda da kiwon lafiya nagartacce a cikin tsarin, da nufin samun horo.

Makasudin, akida, da kuma manufofin, saboda haka, shi ne wani hadadden socio-pedagogical hadaddun saboda kai tsaye zuwa ƙayyadaddu na Sphere na ilimi, ana tsammanin sakamakon, kazalika da zamantakewa da tarihi mahallin.