Hemostasis - abin da yake da shi? take hakkin hemostasis

Yawa daga cikin mu yana zuwa da za a gwada wa hemostasis. Mẽne ne, kuma me ya sa ka bukatar ka duba shi? Amsar wannan tambaya dole ne a fara da wani bayani na abin da mu jijiyoyi da kuma abin da sunadaran ake aiki da shi.

A farko aiki na hemostasis

'Yan mutane san cewa mu jini - shi ne ma da masana'anta, kawai ruwa. Ya kunshi jini, shi ne dukiya da ruwa kashi, kazalika da ja da maikacin jini, da fari da maikacin jini, da platelets, wanda aka located a cikin jini kamar yadda aka dakatar. Duk da wannan ci gaba da motsa tare da manyan da kananan jijiyoyi, jijiyoyinmu da capillaries kawo oxygen zuwa Kwayoyin, ikon da yin wani rundunar sauran ayyuka. Irin wannan Saukake model na mu jijiyoyi. Yana da muhimmanci cewa jini ya dama daidaito. Idan shi ne ma lokacin farin ciki, da jini clots suna kafa. Conversely, idan ma na bakin ciki, da mutum yake shan wahala daga matsananciyar zub da jini. Yana rike mu jini a ganiya yanayin halitta da yanayi na tsarin, da aka sani da hemostasis. Abin da irin tsarin da kuma abin da yake ginshikai na ta aikin?

Na biyu aiki na hemostasis

hemostatic tsarin ne sosai hadaddun. Bugu da kari ya rike wani so jini danko da kuma fluidity, shi na samar da wani mĩki waraka (tsayawa na jini) na cuts da sauran jijiyoyin bugun gini rauni. Ganuwar da karshen an kafa ta uku yadudduka da nama, kowanne daga abin da ya aikata wani rawa don tabbatar da santsi da nassi daga cikin jini ta cikin jiki. Idan ga wani dalili, mutunci da jirgin ruwa bango ne karye, kuma jini rushes cikin rata, da wani mutum yana buɗewa da zub da jini. Don hana shi triggers jiki tsarin na jini coagulation, ko hemostasis. Shi ne na biyu iri - firamare da kuma sakandare.

Primary hemostasis: shi

Wannan irin lõkacin fatara daga zub da jini da ake kira jijiyoyin bugun gini-platelet hemostasis. The inji ta aikin kunshi a haddasa spasm na lalace jirgin ruwa, ta takaita da blockage na "gibba" platelets. A lalace rabo ne kafa ɓawon burodi, zubar jininta ta tsaya. Mutane ce, "da jini clotted." Ga waɗanda ba su da matsaloli tare da hemostasis, aiwatar daukan up to 3 minutes. Its inji na mataki ne kamar haka. A kan garun da jirgin ruwa a kusa da rauni fara mannewa, watau shaida, mannewa na platelets. Su siffar zama mafi taso, kuma a kan surface na da zangarniya bayyana da kuma matakai da cewa samar da wani karfi bond tare da sauran platelets. A sakamakon haka ne a hade su tare (tari), kuma an kafa na platelet toshe. A 1 ml na jini ya zama daga 150 zuwa 300 dubu lafiya platelet tsari daidai. In ba haka ba clotting tsari zai lalace.

Mene ne secondary hemostasis

Gam platelets fara zuwa asirce a cikin jini aiki nazarin halittu da kuma sinadaran abubuwa haddasa constriction da jirgin ruwa ganuwar da kuma samuwar sakandare komowar bonding. Lokaci guda tare da platelet factor tsaye a waje mafi muhimmanci ga clotting enzyme thrombin, wanda a nuna rinjayar da samuwar fibrin gina jiki. A zaruruwa na gina jiki su ne tushen wani jini gudan jini. Sun haifar da wani irin cibiyar sadarwa a cikin abin da garwaya ja jini Kwayoyin da farin jini Kwayoyin. Fibrin samu daga wani gina jiki - fibrinogen. Don ƙayyade yawan jini, bada gudumawar jini hemostasis. Mẽne ne - fibrinogen - da kuma abin da yake da muhimmancin? Wannan gina jiki taka wata muhimmiyar rawa a cikin jini clotting. Its haddi sa thrombosis, da kuma rasa - hemorrhage. Na kullum ne daga 1.5 zuwa 3.0 g / l fibrinogen. Idan shi ne fiye da 4.5 g / l, akwai iya zama wani mutum cututtuka irin tarin fuka, bugun jini, ciwon zuciya, ciwon daji, ciwon huhu, mura, da kuma da dama daga wasu yanayi, gami da tsananin konewa, tiyata, da yin amfani da wasu magunguna. The adadin furotin a kalla 1.5 g / l jawo cututtukan hanta, DIC, hepatitis, myeloid cutar sankarar bargo, toxemia, cesarean sashe a delivery, polycythemia, cizon maciji, B12 rashi da kuma bitamin C.

The uku aiki na hemostasis

A mataki na karshe na rauni warkar - fibrinolysis, wanda shi ne ma alhakin hemostasis. Mene ne wannan? Fibrinolysis ne halakar da plugging jini gudan jini da kuma mayar da jini ya kwarara zuwa lalace jini. Daga farko seconds na rauni waraka tsari da kuma farkon jini clotting a jini kunna enzyme plasminogen. Yana samar da wani sunadari plasmin lazimta a kansu fibrin, kuma tare da shi, da kuma jini gudan jini. Tsakanin thrombus samuwar kuma rushe ya zama wani ma'auni, wanda ya samar da hemostasis. Kamar yadda ka gani, wannan tsarin ne sosai rikitarwa. Rashin ko da a da ta fi ƙanƙanta ta mahada take kaiwa zuwa rushewa daga dukan sarkar da tsanani cututtuka.

Take hakkin hemostasis. Mẽne ne da kuma yadda za a gane

Akwai da wadannan take hakki:

- ƙara jini clotting (hypercoagulable) wadda take kaiwa zuwa kwatsam samuwar thrombi a jijiyoyi, veins, da kuma kayan ciki. Shi ne fraught tare da tsanani da yanayi kamar bugun jini a wani wuri shekaru, m rashin in mata, kwakwalwa cuta (lalacewa ta hanyar thrombosis a cikin jijiyoyi na kwakwalwa), da sauransu.

- Rage jini clotting (hypocoagulation), wadda take kaiwa zuwa maras wata-wata zub da jini. Yana auku a hemophilia, von Willebrand cuta, jini platelet kasawa ko pathological canje-canje, cutar hanta, kasa clotting dalilai thrombocytopathia.

- DIC, a cikin abin da akwai da iri coagulation.

Don gano dalilin munanan a jini clotting, ciyar hemostasiogram (coagulation), ko hemostasis analysis. Mene ne wannan? Wannan bincike da aka yi ga mata masu ciki, marasa lafiya kafin tiyata, mutanen da fama da cututtuka na zuciya da jini, kazalika da marasa lafiya da munanan na jini clotting. Coagulation ne tushe, wanda kayyade hematocrit, haemoglobin, yawan duk jini dalilai da dama sauran Manuniya. Nau'i na biyu na coagulation - mika, ya nada yafi mutane da jini munanan da ciki.

Hormonal hemostasis matsayin Hanyar magani

Wasu mata suna da hailar magudi, kai ga nauyi shafe tsawon zub da jini. Don warware wannan matsala, yin amfani da wani hormonal hemostasis. Mene ne wannan? A Hanyar ne amfani domin lura da mata matasa, wanda aka cire cututtuka irin fibroids, ovarian marurai, endometriosis. Akwai uku da hanyoyin da hormonal hemostasis - estrogen, progestin da kuma gauraye. Estrogen ne estrogen injections intramuscularly. A farko kwanaki biyu ko uku da suka yi a kowace 2.5-3 hours. A cikin wadannan kwanaki, da kashi da aka rage. Bayan da tsayawa da zub da jini da aka maye gurbinsu da estrogens da progestins su gudanar far da hormonal jamiái. Progestogen Hanyar da aka yi amfani da lokacin da marasa lafiya basu da tsanani anemia, decompensated cirrhosis. Its manufa - samar da wani mataki na ba ji ba gani a cikin abin da karfi yana qaryata endotherm carpeted igiyar ciki rami. Shi ne daidai da wannan hanya za a iya amfani da hCG hemostasis amfani gonadotropin.

Hemostasis a lokacin daukar ciki

Pregnancy sa mutane da yawa canje-canje a cikin mace ta jiki. Daya daga cikinsu - karuwa a yawan platelets kuma, a sakamakon, da danko na jini. Wannan shi ne wata al'ada physiological tsari, ya sa ta hanyar shirye-shiryen da mai zuwa gabar danginsu. Duk da haka, idan da yawa da aka kafa platelets, wanda zai iya magana na thrombophilia, a yanayin wadda take kaiwa ga samuwar clots a jini. Thrombophilia ne ƙarshe na ciki, fetal girma retardation, toxemia da kuma sauran rikitarwa. Saboda haka tilas a yi gwaje-gwaje domin hemostasis a lokacin daukar ciki. Menene ma'anar wannan kuma a lokacin da muke bukatar mu yi? Fi dacewa, idan wannan bincike riƙe kafin ganewa to hana rikitarwa na dauke da jariri. Wannan bincike ne da za'ayi zuwa 14 maki, da kuma bada wani cikakken hoto na jihar na jini. Idan gano abnormality, likita zai iya rubũta magani. Amma wannan ba ya cancanta. Wani lokaci yana da isasshen kallo na ƙarfafa muhimmancin karkacewa.