Helmut Schmidt: biography, ra'ayin siyasa,

A watan Nuwamba bara, kafofin watsa labarai ya ruwaito mutuwar Helmut Schmidt, Jamus ex-kansila (daga 1974 zuwa 1982-th). A labarin mutuwarsa na wani shahararren dan siyasa wakilta wani mutum wanda ya dauki da ragamar kasar a wuya lokacin da taimakawa sun fi mayar da ita ga cewa gaba shekaru for Jamus da kuma duk na Turai sun zama fiye da rayuwa-tsantsan.

Helmut Schmidt - shahararren duniya yan siyasa wanda darajar ne sau da yawa underestimated. Duk da haka, dole ne ka zama sane da muhimmiyar rawa da ayyukanta a cikin na zamani tsarin dangantakar kasa da kasa.

"Character da kuma lamiri na al'umma"

A watan Disamba, ya je bikin 97th ranar tunawa. Chancellor, don rabawa tare da kasarsa, ta post-yaki tarihi da kuma ayyana turakun ga ta nan gaba da bunkasa. Ya aka daukarsa kusan m. Ya kasance mai rai labari, "da kuma wata alama ce da lamiri na al'umma", wanda dalĩli ya gida da bude kofa.

Manema labarai kira shi "a metronome, a cikin abin da Jamus ... wani gwargwado na matakai."

A hanya cewa ya Helmut Schmidt - shi ne hanya a cikin abin da Chancellor shekaru da yawa ya jagoranci Jamus mutane daga kurakurai da kuma kura-kuran da na fansa da gaskiya nasara.

ikonsa an riga dogon tafi. Amma da Jamus har yanzu amfani da cheap gas a Siberia, wata babbar Rasha kasuwa da kuma sauran amfani abubuwa - m da kuma ilimi al'adunmu, wanda ya bar Jamus Chancellor Jihar Helmut Schmidt.

Game da halin yanzu rikicin

A lokaci daya, Schmidt riƙe matsayin ministan tsaron kasar, tattalin arziki da kudi, shi ne shugaban na Jamus ma'aikatar harkokin wajen kasar. Ya aka dauki daya daga cikin mafi shahararren duniya yan siyasa na karni na ashirin, wanda ya taba yaudaruwa siyasa hankali.

"A halin yanzu, ... Turai ne a rikicin, halin da ake ciki shi ne ba da hanya mafi kyau" - don haka ya yaba da manufofin na Turai matsaloli hade tare da 'yan sa mamaki juyin mulki a Ukraine, a cikin wata hirar. Ukrainian aikin evroassotsiatsii tsohon kansila, wanda ya kasance kullum domin ta shahara bluntness, da ake kira "maganar banza" da kuma "geopolitical yaro", wanda sakamakon Turai da kuma duniya suna kimanta ba hanya mafi kyau. Dalilin wannan shi ne, ya yi tunani Gelmut Shmidt, a hankali a hankali ƙi a cikin "quality na Turai shugabannin." A cewar siyasa, kamar yadda aka bayyana ta da shi a lokacin da wani 'yan chat tare da' yan jarida, ayyuka na zamani majalisar Turai, kazalika da mutum duniya na 'yan siyasa da dangantaka da' yan tarihi da ke tsakanin kungiyar EU da Ukraine, "bar yawa da za a so." Wannan shi ne ra'ayi na wani mutum wanda ya samu nasarar jagoranci kasar ta hanyar kalubale da dama, fadi zuwa da rabo.

Magana da kuma aiki da ya saba wa al'ada fashion yammacin duniya da siyasa ya hana shi da matakai uncompromising da sararin kwarewa.

Helmut Schmidt: A Biography

Future tarayya kansila aka haife shi a shekarar 1918 a wani iyalin Jamus malamai. Its asalin ya dade da aka tana tattare a cikin asiri, kuma shi ne kawai ta bakwai shekaru goma, Gelmut Genrih Waldemar Schmidt yarda cewa shi zuriyar na shege Yahudawa - Blood, soma da Jamusanci Protestant biyu. Rike asirin yahudawa asalin, tabbas ajiye rayuwar matasa a cikin Nazi zamanin.

A kan dangane da Nazism

Wannan tambaya - game da hali na Chancellor zuwa fi sani da Naziyanci - an tashe shi fiye da sau daya. A cikin biography, kazalika a cikin tarihin rayuwa da yawa Jamus a zamaninsa, shi ne ba a cikin wannan topic.

Mun sani cewa a cikin samartaka Schmidt aka hannu a cikin Hitler Matasa amma membobinsu a cikin Nazi jam'iyyar da kuma tsere yayin da hidima a cikin yakin duniya na II a matsayin jami'in a cikin iska rundunar sojojin tsaron kasar, saboda da "defeatist kalamai" da aka akai-akai ladabtar.

A shekarar 1945 ya mika wuya ga majiɓinta.

Nazarin, manufofin

Bayan saki, ya ba matasa shiga jami'a, inda ya yi karatu a fannin kimiyyar siyasa da kuma doka, kuma a cikin layi daya fara zuwa kai da dalibi cell na jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party.

Yana aiki a Hamburg birnin tattalin arziki na sashen tun farkon na 50 ta ne memba na Bundestags.

A lokacin da ya zama ministan harkokin cikin gida na Hamburg (tsakiyar 60s) ya shahara ga tun gudanar da cin nasara da sakamakon na bala'i - sanannen ambaliyar ruwa a shekarar 1962. Don bunkasa tasiri na ceto ayyukan Schmidt a circumvention na dokar hannu na sojoji suna da hannu.

takeoff

A da farkon m Yunƙurin daga cikin aiki: Schmidt ya zama mataimakin shugaban SPD, sa'an nan da ministan tsaron kasar a cikin gwamnati na Willy Willy Brandt da muƙarrabai. Bayan da ƙarya da suke ƙirƙirãwa murabus na Tarayya Chancellery, ciki har da tawagar wanda aka gano bincike na Jamus Democratic Republic, a shekara ta 1974 Schmidt ya ɗauki post.

kansila

A post na Chancellor, ya gana da yawa kalubale, Gelmut Shmidt Willy Brandt ninka nasarori a cikin Sphere na waje da manufofin da tattalin arzikin raya dangantakar abokantaka tare da Tarayyar Soviet, Gabashin Jamus, cinikayya tare da Gabas. A shekarar 1975, a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan kasashen yammaci da shugabannin siyasa da hannu a cikin Helsinki Conference on Tsaro da kuma hadin kai tsakaninsu.

Taimako Policy a cikin hali na Turai hadewa ba za a iya overestimated.

Ciki da manufofin saba wa juna

SPD an tsãge ta akida da bambance-bambance tsakanin hagu da dama, na bukatar wani m garambawul. Duk da wannan, a lokacin shekaru takwas na kansila sarrafa su ci gaba da jam'iyyar a mulki.

tattalin arziki da gwajin

Godiya ga kere ayyuka na kasar jagoranci, a cikin 70 tarayyar Jamus ta tafi, ta hanyar wuya sau ga tattalin arzikin duniya samu nasarar gwada sauran jihohi. Chancellor Helmut Schmidt hada moderately m kasafin kudi siyasa tare da taimakon talakawa talauci kare: a cikin shekaru na mulkinsa ya karu da girma na pensions, zamantakewa amfanin, bayar da zama dole ihisani.

"Jamus Autumn"

A cikin 70s Schmidt ya dauki wani sosai tsanani ciki siyasa mafita: levoekstremistskaya tsananta kungiyar 'yan ta'adda Sojan Sama ( "Red Army") a cikin kasar, alhakin sama da dozin uku high-profile kisan kai, sace-sacen jama'ar, boma-bomai, fashi a bankuna.

A 1977, 'yan ta'adda yunkurin kwacewa wani jirgin saman fasinja. A Chancellor bai cika bukatun sa a gaba ta hanyar su. Na aika da su musamman sojojin hadari jirgin saki.

Wasu sojojin a majalisar dokokin kasar ta bukata don bunkasa tasiri na yaki da 'yan ta'adda soke wasu mulkin demokra dokokin.

Schmidt amsa a matsayin gaskiya da bindiga, "Muna ba za a kawo 'yanci don hadayar lafiya." Matakai, m shugaban jihar ta hali wajen extremists kara zuwa da shahararsa, da kuma Jamus mutane kõma amincewa.

murabus

A 80 martani Schmidt goyon NATO nufi don ƙarfafa makamai tseren a cikin Tarayyar Soviet sanya linzami a kan ƙasa na tarayyar Jamus "Pershing". Ya kasashen waje da manufofin ra'ayi, kazalika da Kanmu a rage kasafin kudin ciyarwarsu ya kai ga cewa Chancellor na masõya juya, ya aka bai wata kuri'a da amincewa. A cikin dukan tarihin Jamus Schmidt - kadai Chancellor, wanda ya yi ritaya ba a sakamakon shan kashi a zaben, amma saboda asarar majiɓinta.

"Die Zeit"

Ritaya Helmut Schmidt ya marubucin littattafai da dama game da shekaru ransa, da kuma game da manufofin, ya zama daya daga cikin co-edita na Jamus mujallar "Die Zeit", kafa da dama na duniya forums a kan harkokin siyasa da kuma tattalin arziki. Ya ne sau da yawa kiran su zuwa ga kafofin watsa labarai, suna kawo su cikin jama'a da ra'ayoyi na Jamus Chancellor tsohon kan wani m kewayon batutuwa.

Ukrainian tambaya

Game da na kasa da kasa da manufofin, tsohon kansila ci gaba da kare matsayinsu bin noninterference a cikin harkokin sarki jihohi.

Har kwanan nan, Schmidt ya ci gaba da zama gaskiya ga manufa don bayyana ra'ayoyinsu kai tsaye da kuma mummunan, ba tare da game da m rauni.

A 2014, dangane da sanannun events a Ukraine 95-shekara tsohon Chancellor Labarai Turai shugabannin siyasa ba su maimaita ban tausayi kuskure na baya, Magana game da biyu da duniya yaƙe-yaƙe, da kuma yin kokari don motsa daga hatsari ga duniya siffofin .

Asiri mana soki ayyuka na EU da kuma Amurka a kan shugabannin Ukraine, da kuma Brussels ya bayyana siyasa a matsayin "megalomania". A wata hira da wani Jamus jarida Schmidt ya jaddada cewa initiators daga cikin shakka a Ukrainian Turai hadewa ba la'akari da gagarumin bambance-bambance a cikin al'adu da tarihi na yamma da kuma gabashin kasar.

A cikin watan Yuni 2014, ya sanya wani manufofin yanke shawara kada su kira zargi da taron a Bavaria, wanda ya samu halartar shugabanni da ministocin harkokin waje na Jamus, kazalika da yawan kasashen Turai, shugaban kasar Rasha Vladimir Putin.

Takunkumi a kan Rasha siyasa kira wawa kuma ce cewa ya fahimci Rasha ta ayyuka a cikin Crimea.

Asiri barnatar kiyasta sakamakon da tarurruka, wanda aka samu halartar shugabannin da kuma ministocin harkokin wajen Jamus, kazalika da kasashen Turai, lamenting cewa, kasarsa a tsakanin sauran ƙasashen EU da Amurka ya zama daya daga cikin mahalarta a take hakkin dokokin kasa da kasa. Irin wannan take hakkin da Jamusanci ex-kansila yi ĩmãni da niyyar "fadada EU a kudi na Ukraine" da kuma sauran tsohon Soviet jihohi, da marmarin raba CIS.

A lokacin da wani talk show a kan daya daga cikin tashoshin Helmut Schmidt ya sanya girmamawa a kan siyasa tsakanin kungiyar tarayyar Turai da kuma Rasha Federation. A ra'ayinsa, "wani musamman barazana ne ba Rasha a duniya, da kuma Amurka."

A tsakiyar Ukrainian rikicin, shahararren Jamus siyasa da goyan bayan da shugaban na Rasha Federation Vladimir Putin, haddasa shi ziyara da sada zuwa Moscow.

masu zaman kansu

Schmidt ya ko da yaushe ƙaunar art, da kyau buga piano da sashin jiki, kamar yadda evidenced da tsira records da mai son kide. Sha'awar falsafa da kuma zanen, tsufa nasarar ci gaba da fenti.

Helmut Schmidt: Family

Ga su ne a kan allo: Schmidt da matarsa Hannelore - Loki matsayin lifelong shi ne kira cikin auna, ba kawai abokai, amma kuma duk da Jamusawan. Biyu sosai tsofaffi mutum, kowane tare da taba a hannunsa - ya da wani kara da wani taimakon ji, shi ne na musamman na'urar ga yawo. Ga su zauna da kuma rike hannun. Yana da wuya ba to sha'awan su a cikin shekaru azumi saki da kuma permissiveness.

Sun kasance abokai tun makaranta. Sun yi aure a cikin 1942. Mun samu da yawa tare, ciki har da yaki da kuma mutuwa daga meningitis a cikin 45th da farko yaro.

Independent da kuma karfi Loki kamar yadda yaro kiyaye da kare kananan da kuma puny Helmut. Sai na yi rai, uchitelstvuya, yayin da mijinta yake a jami'a da kuma sanya wani aiki, har ya zuwa 74th, a lokacin da ya ɗauki post na Chancery. Yanzu ya zama kare da tsare mijinta abokan aiki daga kaifi da kuma categorical yanayi, an yi Kwafa da "Sisters na Charity".

'Yar Suzanne, da' yan jarida, wanda yake zaune da kuma aiki a London.

Loki bai rayu har zuwa shekaru 70 na aure, ta mutu a 91 shekara.

A '93 Helmut Schmidt shiga a cikin wani ƙungiyoyin aure tare da Rut Loah (matasa, fiye da shekaru 14).

fitarwa

Game da shi rubuta littattafai da articles, haifar da wani shirin fim. Fiye da sau daya shi aka zaba mutum na shekara, da 95th tunawa da Westphalian Peace Prize bayar da.

Schmidt dukan rayuwarsa ta wani nauyi smoker. A Jamus, inda doka a kan shan taba a wuraren da jama'a da aka haramta, ga tsofaffi a ko'ina cikin tsohon kansila sanya wani togiya: Schmidt yarda hayaki ko a lokacin live watsa shirye-shirye na talabijin shirye-shirye. Reporters sun akai-akai tambaye shi game da illar da shan taba, a wata siyasa ce a'a cewa ya yi latti domin damu game da shi. Daya jagorancin gayyace shi don canzawa zuwa lantarki taba. Schmidt ce: "Don me zan yi wani abu wawa?"

Wawa a ko'ina cikin dogon rai da kuma harkar siyasa, ya ya samu nasarar gudanar da kauce wa.