Panjshir Valley, Afghanistan: labarin kasa, dabarun muhimmancin

Panjshir Valley - mai zurfi dutsen kwarin, located in arewa-maso-gabashin Afghanistan. Daga 1980 zuwa 1984, akwai da dama da ayyukan soji da aka za'ayi tare da sa hannu na Soviet sojojin a lokacin yaki a Afghanistan daga 1979-1989.

Tarihi da sunan

Panjshir Valley da aka sani tun farkon XI karni. A zahiri translation daga Afghanistan da sunan da nufin "biyar zakoki." Saboda haka a kwanakin da shi aka kira da gwamnonin na iko Sultan Mahmud na Ghazni, wanda ya yi mulki a wadannan wurare. Ya kasance padishah da kuma mai martaba Sarkin jihar na Ghaznavids a nuna na X-XI ƙarni. A cewar labari, wadannan gwamnonin na dare gina dam a fadin Panjshir River, wanda har yanzu wanzu a yau. Local yi imani da cewa wannan ya taimaka musu zurfi da kuma karfi da bangaskiya.

Panjshir - shi ne babban kogi, wanda shi ne daya daga cikin manyan aikin gandu na Kabul River. Kunshe a cikin Indus River tasa. Panjshir kwarin located tare sananne dutsen kewayon Hindukush. Its yanki ne game da 3.5 dubu murabba'in kilomita. A talakawan tsawo na fiye da 2200 mita saman teku matakin. A ganiya batu ne a kusa da 6000 mita saman teku matakin. Cibiyar Pandzhershskogo kwazazzabo kauyen dauke Rukh. Ga dattawa kuma suna tushen lardin.

Ma'ana kwazazzabo

Gorge ne na dabarun muhimmancin. Musamman karfi da ya nuna a lokacin da Afghanistan yaki. Gaskiyar cewa kwarin kogin, wanda gudana ta hanyar gefen kwarin raba Afghanistan a cikin arewacin da kuma kudancin sassa.

A nan ne mafi nasara da kuma dace kafa daga daya bangare na kasar zuwa wani. A ƙasa a cikin wannan harka ta ƙunshi wani hadadden tsarin da kõguna da aikin gandu cewa gudu ta hanyar gefen kwarin. Saboda haka, su ne mai kyau na halitta tsari a lokacin yaki. Kwarin da aka canza kama zuwa wani sansanin soja, organically shige domin fama guerrillas.

Panjsher da dabarun muhimmanci a yaki da kwaminisanci tsarin mulki a shekarar 1975, sa'an nan a lokacin da adawa da Soviet sojojin a lokacin 10-shekara yaki.

A lokacin dukan lokaci da Tarayyar Soviet su ci gaba da sojojin a cikin Asia kasar, kwazazzabo, wanda aka sadaukar domin wannan labarin ya kasance sosai zafi tabo cikin Afghanistan taswira. Wannan shi ne inda tsananin yãƙi ya faru, shi ne a nan cewa Soviet sojojin sha wahala ne mafiya hasãra na ma'aikata. Domin da yawa Soviet da sojoji da jami'an Panjshir wani mummunan mafarki na rayuwa.

m yãƙi

Resistance a cikin wannan yanki ya jagoranci iko Afghanistan yaki Ahmad Shah Massoud. Da yawa da hankali da aka biya zuwa Salang Pass, wanda aka colloquially kira "Kabul ta makogwaro." An nan ya sheƙa da hanya daga Hairatan zuwa Kabul. Ta aka dauke a key hanya ga ginshikan manyan motoci da aka tsĩrar zuwa Afghanistan daga Soviet yakin da kuma soja kaya.

Kusa da kauyen na Rukh a cikin farkon shekaru na yaki sa ake kira na biyu Musulmi bataliya, tushen a cikin 177th raba musamman sojojin. A cikin duka, shi ya hada da dubban mutane.

Tun shekarar 1984, ya dogara ne a 682 motorized dakaru rajimanti, lambobi game da dubu sojoji. Total anti-yaƙin raka'a Ahmad Shah Massoud da aka gudanar tara manyan-sikelin ayyukan. Mutane da yawa shaidu na events tuna, cewa shi ne mafi wuya halin da ake ciki a Pandzhurshskom gefen kwarin. A guerrillas gudanar a kai a kai daidai da Soviet m.

Da tashin hankali a wannan bangare na kasar da aka kiyaye su da kuma bayan karbo daga cikin Soviet sojojin a 1989. Da farko adawa da shugaban kasar Afghanistan ta gwamnatin daga shekarar 1987 zuwa 1992, Mohammad Najibullah, kuma daga baya da Taliban. Islama motsi da cewa an haife shi a Afghanistan a shekara ta 1994 a matsayin Pashtuns yanayi.

A jama'ar na kwazazzabo

The yawan wannan kwarin, wanda shi ne tushen Panjshir lardin, kiyasta a game da 100 mutane dubu. Wadannan data aka gabatar a cikin tsakiyar 80s, a lokacin da Soviet sojojin sun akwai aiki tashin.

Duk wadannan mutane da aka tarwatsa 200 ƙauyuka. A halin yanzu babu cikakken bayanai a kan yawan can. A cewar daban-daban kimomi, a cikin kwari rayu daga 150 zuwa 300 da mutane dubu. M shi ne Afghan Tajiks. Kullum, da Tajiks a Afghanistan sosai. A cewar wasu kimomi, 11 to 13 da mutane miliyan, lissafin kudi don daya bisa uku na jimlar yawan. Shi ne na biyu mafi girma mutanen Afghanistan.

Panjshir - tarihi yanki mazauninsu Afghanistan Tajiks. Sa'an nan su na zaune 99%. A gefen kwarin ɓullo da hakar lithium da emeralds. Babban janye ne kabarin na Ahmad Shah Massoud.

The adawa da sojojin na Massoud

By 1979, lokacin da yaki a Afghanistan, daga gefen kwarin sun karshe buga daga dukkan raka'a Afghanistan gwamnatin sojojin. Yana yana ƙarƙashin cikakken iko da Rabshake Ahmad Shah Massoud. Daga baya, ya ma aikata da sunan barkwanci Pandzhshursky zaki.

A 1979, da ikon a kasar zo zuwa wani sabon shugaba, babban sakatare na jam'iyyar PDP na Afghanistan Babrak Karmal. Ya na so ya nan da nan mayar da jihar iko a duk larduna. A wannan hasashe, da dakarun gwamnati tare da goyon bayan wata iyaka contingent na Soviet sojojin a Afghanistan tsunduma a fama ayyukan 'yanto ƙauyuka zo karkashin' yan tawayen iko.

Gundumar Panjshir Valley tabbatar da daya daga cikin mafi matsala a cikin wannan girmamawa. Labarin kasa na Afghanistan shi ne cewa hanya a nan a cikin hanya kai an mai tsanani iyakance saboda da hadaddun mountainous ƙasa. The kawai hanya jagoranci ta hanyar birnin Gulbahor. Duk da haka, shi ya kasance ba da sauki amfani da matsayin ra'ayoyi Masuda yana da wani tsanani juriya. Bugu da kari, ya kasance Masood yan unguwa. Wannan yarda da shi ga mafi alhẽri kewaya ƙasa da kuma samun goyon baya daga da mazauni.

Bugu da kari, wannan kwazazzabo shi ne mafi kyau kai corridor ga samar da makamai daga Pakistan da kuma kungiyar na horo sansanonin 'yan tawayen.

A rabo Massoud

Saboda haka, a gaskiya, Ahmad Shah Massoud ya kasance daya daga cikin manyan abokan adawar na Soviet sojojin a lokacin da gaba dayan 10-shekara yawa. A Afghanistan. Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa da aka haife shi a Tajik iyali.

A 1973, bayan juyin mulkin, ya tilasta gudun hijira a Pakistan. Akwai ya shiga cikin Islama 'yan adawa, karkashin jagorancin Burhanuddin Rabbani.

A shekarar 1975, ya halarci a cikin kasa tawaye da da fir'auna Mohammed Daoud. Sa'an nan, ya yi yaƙi da Soviet sojojin da Karmal a matsayin shugaban kasa.

Bayan da aka karbo daga cikin sojojin Tarayyar Soviet a zahiri da na zama mai mulkin Masudistana. Wannan kai-shelar jihar, wanda ya hada da lardin a arewa maso gabashin Afghanistan. Shirya a tsakiyar babban birnin kasar na Takhar lardin - Taloqan. Masudistan da kansa gwamnati, game da miliyan 2.5 mutane, mafi yawa sun kasance Tajiks, da kansa kudin da 60000th sojojin.

A shekarar 1992, Massoud rundunarsa suka shiga Kabul. Bayan haka, shugaban kasar na Afghanistan ya zama Rabbani da kuma Massoud samu cikin fayil na Ministan Tsaro. Duk da haka, bayan faduwar Soviet gwamnatin, Massoud ya yi adawa Gulbuddin Hekmatyar. A shekarar 1994, a sakamakon yaƙin domin iko da Kabul kashe wajen dubu huɗu na fararen hula, da kuma birnin da aka gaske hallaka.

Amma duk da haka, a shekarar 1996, da Taliban kwace mulki a Afghanistan, da kuma Masudistan zama memba na Arewa Alliance, wanda yana gangarawa zuwa Massoud.

An sani cewa tun 1999, Massoud yi aiki tare da American m. A sakamakon haka, a 2001, an kashe shi ne a lokacin da wani yunkurin da wani dan kunar bakin wake. Ya gabatar da kansa a matsayin 'yar jarida, da kuma wani bam a ɓõye, a wani video kamara. A cewar wasu rahotanni, Massoud aka kashe a kan umarni na bin Laden saboda dangantaka tare da Amirkawa.

Panjshir kaddamawar

Da farko Panjshir kaddamawar ya faru a 1980. Tashin fara ranar 9 ga watan Afrilu. Massoud hedkwatar aka hallaka, amma shi ba zai yiwu su bi da mãsu bãyar da bãya 'yan tawayen. Saboda da topography nauyi kayan aiki ba zai wuce. Yana daya daga cikin na farko nasarorin da Soviet sojojin a Afghanistan. Panjshir Valley ba ze haka unassailable.

Sakamako na ayyukan dauke nasara. Ra'ayoyi Masud aka ci, ya gudu, sun samu mummunan rauni.

Duk da haka, domin unexplained dalilai, da Soviet sojojin yanke shawarar ba su bar kauyuka a shagaltar battalions. A sakamakon haka, sũ, sun kasance nan da sannu baya a cikin hannãyenku daga cikin guerrillas mayar da Massoud.

Fahimtar juna tare da Massoud

Massoud ya daya daga cikin Afghanistan warlords, da suke son su a tsagaita wuta tare da Soviet raka'a. A farko tsagaita wuta da aka kammala nan da nan bayan da sojoji aiki a 1980.

Masood Ya yi wa'adi ba su kai farmaki da Soviet da kuma dakarun gwamnati, bi da bi, su yi muku wa'adi ba su samar da iska da kuma manyan bindigogi goyon bayan a taron na collisions Massoud raka'a tare da Musulunci Party of Afghanistan, jagorancin Hekmatyar.

Wani tsagaita wuta da aka kai a nuna na 1982-1983 ta.

A sakamakon ayyukan da Panjshir

Gaba daya a lokacin zaman na Soviet sojojin a Afghanistan da aka gudanar 9 manyan-sikelin ayyukan a gefen kwarin. A sakamakon kowane daga cikinsu ya ta wucin gadi da kuma m iko da Panjshir Valley, wadda daga ƙarshe ta rasa.

M data a kan asarar da ta Soviet Army da kuma Afghanistan mujahedeen ba.