Helicopter mai saukewa EMERCOM na Rasha: nazari, bayanin da hoto

A cikin Rasha, ana ba da jagorancin ma'aikatar tarayya ta hanyar ma'aikatar tarayya, wadda aka rage a matsayin ma'aikatar gaggawa. Wannan shi ne mafi muhimmanci a kasar ta gaggawa ceto sabis. Yana aiki tare da wasu manyan hukumomin amsawa. Ya haɗa da ayyukan wutar wuta da kuma ceto. Ma'aikatar Harkokin Harkokin gaggawa tana aiki tare da hukumomin gaggawa na biranen, yankuna da kuma kasar baki daya. A} alla, ma'aikatar ta gudanar da bincike fiye da 25% na bincikar hukumar tarayya.

Ayyukan Ma'aikatar Harkokin gaggawa

Gwamnatin Tarayya tana ba da iko akan dukkanin hukumomin ceto na kasar. Da farko dai, an tura sassan gundumomi a kalubale. Idan dakarun gida ba su kula da gano mawuyacin haɗari ba, ayyukan yanki sun shiga cikin shari'ar. Yankunan Republican suna haɗe ne kawai tare da matukar muhimmanci.

Ma'aikatan Ma'aikatar Harkokin gaggawa sun zo ne a karo na hudu kawai. Na farko da za a mayar da martani ga halin da ake ciki na gaggawa ya kamata hukumomi na gida, irin su 'yan sanda, motar motsa jiki da masu kashe gobara. Kuma bayan bayan wadannan ayyukan sun kafa bukatar yin jawo hankalin karin dakarun don kawar da haɗari, ma'aikatan ma'aikatar gaggawa sun zo. Lokacin lokaci yana kimanin awa 4.

Idan akwai wani mummunan lamari, ana amfani da jiragen sama na tarayya tare da saka shi. Duk da haka, kafin a kira MES mai saukar jirgin sama, dole ne a tantance yanayin haɗari. Zai yiwu, haɗari zai iya kawar da ayyukan birni. Ma'aikata na Ma'aikatar Harkokin gaggawa suna kiran su ne kawai a lokuta masu yawa idan yanayin ba shi da iko.

Ma'aikatar ta yi amfani da mutanen da suka sami horon soja a sojojin, da kuma masu kashe gobara. Yayinda yake yin jarrabawa, ana jarraba masu ceto ba kawai ƙwarewar jiki da halayyar tunani ba, har ma da kwanciyar hankali. A cikin duka, jikunan ma'aikatar gaggawa sun yi amfani da mutane fiye da 7,200, a cikin aikin wuta - kimanin ma'aikata 150,000.

Tsarin jirgin sama

Rundunar soji na Ma'aikatar Harkokin gaggawa ita ce girman kai ga dukkanin ƙasar. An kafa jirgin sama na aikin tarayya a watan Mayu 1995. Mai gabatarwa shine Gwamnatin Rasha. A lokacin da yake zama, jirgin sama ya tsauta wa kansa sau da yawa. Ta shiga cikin dubban ayyukan ceto a ƙasashen Rasha da baya.

Babban tushe na Ma'aikatar Harkokin gaggawa shine filin jirgin saman "Ramenskoye". Duk da haka, ana rarraba runduna jiragen sama a ko'ina cikin yankuna na kasar. Har yanzu, ma'aikatar tana da sama da 50. Jakadan jiragen sama suna wakiltar su kamar Il-62M, An-74, Yak-42D, Be-200BC da sauran tsarin da aka tsara. Har ila yau, a kan ma'auni ne masu saukar jiragen sama masu ceto EMERCOM na Rasha BK-117, Mi-8 da Bo-105. Don bukatun likita, an sabunta Ka-32. Daga cikin manufofi masu yawa, yana da daraja a nuna Mi-26T.

Mahaifin jirgin sama na Rasha shi ne matukin jirgin soja da injiniya Rafail Zakirov. Shi ne wanda ya samo asali na ci gaba da fasaha na wutan lantarki ga irin waɗannan masu saukar jirgin sama kamar Mi-26 da Ka-32. Domin yadda ya dace, ana amfani da na'urorin magudi na APU-15 jerin. Har ila yau, Zakirov ta kirkiro manufofin magance man fetur. Domin wannan, an tsara na'urar VOP-3. Daga bisani, injiniyan ya samu nasarar samun sakamako mai ban mamaki a cikin kashe gobarar mutane. An samu nasarar yin amfani da fasaha na Zakirov - na'urar da ake kira VAP-2.

Mi-8 helikafta

Wannan multipurpose jirgin sama da aka ɓullo da a farkon shekarun 1960s. Dangane da ƙaddamarwa na ƙasashen duniya, waɗannan helikopta na EMERCOM suna da lakabi Hip ko B-8. Yau sune mafi yawan motocin ceto guda biyu na duniya a duniya.

Sau da yawa ana amfani da waɗannan helikopta don dalilan soja. An fara amfani da su ne a shekarar 1967 a cikin tashe-tashen jiragen sama na Masar da Isra'ila. Sa'an nan Mi-8 ya shiga cikin yaƙe-yaƙe a Somaliya, Habasha, Afghanistan, Abkhazia, Iraki, Chechnya, Yugoslavia, Ossetia, Siriya, Ukraine. A kan ma'auni na Ƙasar Rasha akwai fiye da 500 raka'a, ciki har da gyare-gyare.

Harkokin Helicopters na Ma'aikatar Harkokin gaggawa na tsarin Mi-8 zasu iya karɓar 'yan wasa 3 da kimanin fasinjoji 20. Matsakaicin iyakar (la'akari da darajar maras muhimmanci) tana da fiye da 12 ton. Gwargwadon ikon injunan yana da kimanin lita 4200. Tare da. Gudun gudunmawa har zuwa 250 km / h.

Haɓaka Mi-26

Daya daga cikin shahararren bambancin da Halo helicopter (codification na Amurka) shine Mi-26T. Wannan samfurin sufurin fasinja mai hawa, wanda ke da wuri na musamman a cikin VS na Ma'aikatar Harkokin gaggawa. Mijir na Mi-26 an sauke shi sau da dama, amma shi ne sakon da harafin "T" wanda ya zama mahimmanci kuma ya fi tasiri a aikin. A yau, sakin samfurin ya ci gaba.

Miqin 26T helikopta jiragen sama suna haɓaka da kayan aiki na musamman da na'urorin rediyo na lantarki wanda ke bada izinin yin duk wani aiki na ceto ko da a yanayin damuwa. Saitunan na'urorin sun hada da tsarin '' Veer-M '' 'da tsarin gyaran-kwamandan da aka gyara PKP-77.

Helikafta zai iya daukar nauyin ton 28. Babban ɗakin zai iya ajiye har zuwa mutane 80. Ma'aikatan jiragen sama sun kunshi matuka 3. Ikon kowace na'ura yana da kimanin lita dubu 11. Tare da. Ƙimar iyakar iyakar ita ce 295 km / h.

Ka-32 mai sauƙi

An sanya wannan likitan mai lafiya MES a cikin aiki a tsakiyar shekarun 1980. Ka-32 shi ne jirgi mai sauƙin motsawa tare da kayan tasowa mai tasowa. An yi amfani da shi ne kawai don nema da kuma ceto.

Ci gaban helikafta ya fara ne a shekarar 1969. Babban manufa na Ka-32 shi ne bincike a cikin matsanancin yanayi na Arctic. A cikin shekarun 1970s an ƙaddamar da samfurin zuwa wani abu mai mahimmanci. Yau ana amfani da wadannan masu saukar jiragen sama na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Harkokin gaggawa don tsaftace rubutun bayan haɗari ko girgizar ƙasa.

Ka-32 yana iya hau cikin iska a tsawon tsawon mita 3,500 tare da kaya na har zuwa 3.5 ton. Nauyin gwargwadon nauyin jirgi shine 7500 kg. Babban shãmaki mai sauri - har zuwa 260 km / h. Yanayin iyakar da cikakken tanki yana kimanin kilomita 800.

Boye-sauye-sauye Bo-105

Wannan jirgin sama mai sauƙin ceto MES shi ne haɗari. An samar da shi lokaci ɗaya don bukatun fararen hula da na soja. An tsara aikin ne a shekarar 1967 ta hanyar injiniyan Jamus. Bo-105 an rarraba a ko'ina cikin duniya. An yi amfani dasu musamman ga aikin ceto a cikin ƙasa mai wahala.

Ƙwararrun sun ƙunshi kawai matukin jirgi. Fasinja ya iya zama mutane 4. Za a iya shimfiɗa ƙafa biyu a cikin taksi (akwai nau'ikan gyare-gyare na musamman).

Yankin iyakar halatta yana da 270 km / h. Tsawan jirgin yayi har zuwa 5000 m.

An saukar da helikafta tare da shiryayye makamai masu linzami masu tsaka-tsaki da kuma manyan bindigogi masu yawa.

Fasali na model na BK-117

Wadannan masu saukar jiragen sama na ma'aikatar gaggawa sune tasoshin ceto. An tsara shi don fitarwa daga cikin wadanda aka ji rauni da kuma kaya. A rare lokuta, a yi amfani da anti-ayyukan ta'addanci.

Shilicopter ya dace da tantancewa don neman taimako da kuma taimakon gobarar dakarun ƙasa. Ana iya ɗaukar damun bindigogi.

Ci gaban BK-117 a cikin shekarun 1970s ya fara tare da manyan kamfanonin Jafananci da na Jamus. An kafa masana'antu da fitarwa kawai daga farkon shekarun 1980.

Ana amfani da jirgin sama mai jirgi mai hawa daya. Gidan ɗakun ajiya ya karbi mutane 9. Damawar tashar tana bambanta tsakanin kilo 1700. Ikon dukkanin injuna shine 1500 lita. Tare da.

Matsakaicin iyakar ya kai 250 km / h.