Hatsari sakewa m sunadarai: Misalan

A halin yanzu, hanzari kara kewayon sunadarai yi amfani a cikin iyali, masana'antu da kuma aikin noma. Mafi yawa daga cikinsu cutarwa da kuma mai guba. A wani hatsari tare da saki da gaggawa sinadaran abubuwa masu haɗari a cikin abin ya shafa yankin samun mutane, da dabbobi, da shuke-shuke, da ruwa, ƙasa, iska, da kuma ba kawai a cikin shafa yankin. bala'i sakamakon mika wa kewaye yankin. Next, bari mu yi la'akari a cikin mafi daki-daki, abin da ke faruwa a cikin wannan hadarin tare da a saki m sunadarai. Misalai na wasu daga cikin lokuta za a bayyana a cikin labarin.

makaranta Hakika

Ko da a cikin makarantun da yara za su koya game da shuke-shuke, wanda na iya faruwa hatsari, sakewa m sunadarai. Rayuwa Safety (Grade 8) ya gabatar da dalibai ba ne kawai tare da babban Sanadin hatsarori. Yara sami asali ilmi game da yadda za a nuna hali a cikin irin wannan dokar ta baci. Duk da haka, wannan ba duk bayanin da kake bukata ka sani game da hadarin da a saki m sunadarai. OBZH - wannan tsaro tsarin, da kuma a cikin 'yan darussan da ba zai iya rufe dukan matsala. Kuma koda halin kaka yau sharply isa kuma yana da na duniya girma.

Janar halaye na Enterprises

Kamar yadda aka ce a sama, m sunadarai suna yadu amfani da mutum a yau. Idan muka magana game da tattalin arziki, da most reserves sun mayar da hankali a kan tsaro, smelting, refining, ɓangaren litattafan almara da kuma takarda Mills. Hakika, mai guba mahadi aka yi amfani da sinadaran masana'antu. Har ila yau, wani adadin na cutarwa abu ba a cikin nama da kiwo shuke-shuke, sanyi Stores, a cinikin da kwasfansu, da warehouses. The mai guba fili za a iya gano for gidaje abubuwa. Duk wadannan kamfanonin gagarumar barazana. Su ne ko da yaushe wani yiwuwar wani hatsari tare da a saki m sunadarai.

Main cutarwa mahadi

A mafi yadu amfani a kan wani m sikelin:

• Fluoride da hydrogen bromide.
• Benzene.
• Phosgene.
• Methyl mercaptan.
• Cyanide-ta.
• Sulfur dioxide.
• Acrylonitrile.
• Ammonia.
• Hydrogen sulfide.
• Chlorine.

Yawanci, mafi guba mahadi a cikin nau'i na ruwa ko iskar gas. A lokacin ajiya, yi amfani da, sufuri domin samar da manufar da gaseous abu aka kawo cikin ruwa a jihar ta matsawa. Wannan tsari da ake amfani da su rage girma na abinci. Duk da haka, da yiwuwar wani hatsari tare da a saki m sunadarai na karuwa ne.

rarrabuwa na hatsarori

A wani hatsari tare da a saki m sunadarai halitta ya shafa yankin. Mai guba mahadi suna da ikon motsa da sauri a cikin iska. Saboda haka, a lokacin da hadarin ya sakewa m sinadaran abubuwa fili, motsi daga ƙasa-da kwarara iskar iya yada a kan dubun kilomita. A lokaci guda a kan hanyarsu suka buga kewaye. Hatsari gaggawa sinadaran saki da abubuwa masu haɗari kasu kashi Categories dangane a kan sikelin da kamuwa da cuta zone. Saboda haka, na iya faruwa masu zaman kansu, yanki, makaman, na gida, duniya bala'i. A karshen category hada da hatsari sakewa gaggawa chemically abubuwa masu haɗari a cikin duniya. Misalan wadannan bala'i ya nuna yadda tsanani matsalar na yin amfani da guba mahadi da mutum.

MPC da kuma "toksodoza"

Da farko raguwa tsaye ga "iyakar halatta taro" guba abubuwa. Har ila yau, tare da wannan ra'ayi da aka yi amfani da kuma kalmar "toksodoza" (mai guba kashi). Wadannan ma'anar faye hali da kaddarorin cutarwa mahadi. Matsakaicin canja abun ciki - shi ne irin wannan taro da cewa a kullum tasiri a kan mutum kwayoyin ga wani Extended lokaci ba ya haifar da cuta ko pathological canje-canje da za a iya gano ta amfani da zamani bincike hanyoyin. MPC nufin da takwas-hour aiki rana. Wannan adadi ba a amfani da su tantance da lalacewa a cikin wani hatsari tare da gaggawa saki m sinadaran abubuwa. A cikin duniya da manufar "toksodoza" shi ne yadu amfani. Wannan nuna alama nuna ikon yinsa, daga cikin mahadi da cewa zai iya sa guba effects.

Features

Ba dole ne a ce cewa, hadarin da a saki m sunadarai (photo wasu bala'i ake wakilta a cikin labarin), halin da wata iyaka duration na mataki na cutarwa aka gyara. The girma na lalacewar muhalli da kuma mutumin zai dogara ne a kan sikelin da yawan guba mahadi. A wani hatsari tare da a saki m sunadarai (misalai a duniya - hujja) shi halitta ba kawai a kiwon lafiya Hazard, amma sau da yawa rayuwar mutane.

Hatsari sakewa gaggawa chemically m abubuwa: Misalai pe kasashen waje

A shekarar 2012, a kan Janairu 17, da ya zama sananne game da hadarin a garin Brühl, a daya daga cikin masana'antu da samar da kayan aiki. A hadarin ya faru ne sinadaran dauki, forming girgijen chlorine. A hadarin ji rauni mutane 39. Daga cikin wadannan, asibiti aika 16. Tun da shuka da aka kwashe zuwa 300 ma'aikata. Yuni 27, 2011 a Amurka Jihar Arkansas, a daya daga cikin aiki Enterprises, a manyan manufacturer da Tyson Foods nama, da hadarin ya faru, wanda ke haifar da chlorine guba samu 170 ma'aikata. Kamar yadda muka gani da gidajen watsa labarun, da dalilin abkuwar wannan hadari ne mai bazuwar cakuda daban-daban mai guba mahadi. A lokacin gaggawa a shuka ya samu halartar kimanin 600 da ma'aikata. An kwantar da 173 mutane.

Transport gaggawa a kasashe daban-daban

May 20, 2012 kusa da Jamusanci w / tashar Mülheim derailed sufurin kaya jirgin kasa dauke da sunadarai. A sakamakon haka, babban adadin PE zub da sodium chloroacetate, bitumen da kwalta man fetur. A cikin radius na 0.5 km da aka kwashe, da kuma Railway layi kanta da aka dan lokaci rufe. A shekarar 2011, a kan Yuli 11 a kusa da garin Debelets (Bulgaria) kife jirgin ruwa mai ɗaukar man fetur truck, ya fito daga Turkey. A hadarin ya faru vinylbenzene zuba. Game da miliyan 2.5 mutane aka kwashe daga shafa yankin. A wannan shekara, kusa da Buckingham Palace daga truck ya tanki tare da sunadarai. A sakamakon wannan bala'i fitarwa na mutane da aka ba yi. Duk da haka, da hukumomi da killace kashe da yankin a cikin radius na 25 mita.

Statistics na Rasha Federation

A lokacin daga shekarar 1985 zuwa shekarar 1990, na farko m Enterprises ya game 120 babbar bala'i. Wadannan abubuwan da aka hade da ajiya, sufuri da kuma amfani a samar da mai guba mahadi. A shekara ta 1994, an rubuta kusan dubu hatsarori da irin wannan. A Rasha a yau aiki game da 3000 chemically m abubuwa.

Lokuta ya ruwaito a cikin Rasha Federation

Hatsari sakewa m sunadarai, misalai na wanda za a iya bayyana a baya, domin dalilai daban-daban ya faru. A general masĩfa faruwa saboda fasaha kurakurai, inji lalacewa, depressurization na tankuna, kai collisions. A shekarar 2013, ya zama sananne game da hatsari a Lipetsk. A hadarin ya faru ne a cikin gida metallurgical shuka. A sakamakon haka, watsi da benzene sako a lokacin da hadarin ya kashe 2 mutane. PE aka ba tare da kona da kuma fashewar. A lokacin aikin ceto da shuka ma'aikata aka kwashe. Yana ba a gyarawa, da kuma barazana ga rayuwar jama'ar na kusa yankunan.

Al'amarin a 2012

Abin baƙin ciki, da hadarin da a saki m sunadarai a Rasha (misalai za a iya samu a cikin adabi mafi sau da yawa fiye da PP bayanin a wasu kasashen) ba nadiri. Saboda haka, dama manyan hatsarori da aka ruwaito a 2012:

• A Perm yankin a Berezniki, a cikin factory "Avisma" Nuwamba 14 hatsari. Wannan bala'i ya yi sanadiyar rayukan mutane uku. 21 mutane da aka kwantar a lokacin wannan hatsari. Da farko an bayar da rahoton cewa mutuwar faru a sakamakon chlorine zuba. Duk da haka, kamar yadda daga baya ya bayyana da wakilan Ma'aikatar Cikin Gida, a cikin iska da aka jefa daga wani irritant. Hadarin ya faru ne a cikin sha'anin saboda aikin da fan an akshe.
• A shuka "Devon", wanda ya fitar polymers a n. Levashovo a Vyborgsky yanki SPB sakamakon malalar na 100 l uku metilzotsianata shafa.
• A Moscow a kan Yuni 12 a refrigeration shuke-shuke ammonia watsi faru a wani juz'i na 1 lita. A lokacin gaggawa a cikin ƙasa na sha'anin akwai mutane 12. All ma'aikata aka kwashe. Akwai wani jikkata a hadarin.
• A karshen May, kuma a cikin Moscow, daya daga cikin 'ya'yan itace da kayan lambu da kwasfansu aka saki Freon. Wannan fili aka yi amfani da a samar da aerosols kuma turare, domin extinguishing gobara da kuma a refrigeration tsarin. A sakamakon wannan dokar ta baci da ya sha wahala 4 mutum.
• A Barrow May 19 na gida pharmaceutical shuka zub 20 l chlorine-dauke fili. A hadarin ya faru a cikin shagon lambar 1 a samar da roba miyagun ƙwayoyi naúrar. Fili zub da kan yankin na 10 m ^2. A sakamakon haka, da gaggawa suka jikkata uku.
• Chlorine zuba a "Korund" shuka da aka rubuta May 17 a birnin Dzerzhinsk, Nizhny Novgorod yankin. Daya ma'aikaci da aka kwantar da guba. Bakwai wadanda aka taimaka a wuri. The likita da wuraren ne 8 mutane tambayi bayan da ya faru.

Bala'i a Rasha a 2010

22 ga watan Nuwamba akwai wani nasara bututun a daya daga cikin refrigeration shuke-shuke a cikin arewa na Moscow. Yana da aka ammonia. PP bututu ne saboda depressurization. Kamar wancan jawo atomatik kariya, inda ammonia feed aka katse. Kamfanin ta ma'aikata da aka kwashe. babu raunin da aka ruwaito a cikin hatsari. A Yekaterinburg a 21 ga watan Oktoba akwai wani saki odorant (chemically m fili). Wind biyu drifted baya Berezovsky da Kalinovka. Masana da sauri gano zuba site da kuma katange shi. Amfani da manganese bayani, ma'aikatan ceto kuma samar neutralizing fili a cikin ƙasa. Barazana ba ga mutane. A cikin dare daga 14 ga watan zuwa 15 ga watan Fabrairu a Krasnokamsk CJSC "Proihimperm" samar da wani ambaliya da sauran ƙarfi. A lokacin da ayyukansu, da tiyo fashe. A sakamakon haka, da farar sa 2 m ³ sauran ƙarfi. Sloped connection ya zazzaga lambatu da magani shuka da kuma a cikin tafki. A sakamakon wannan dokar ta baci zauna ba tare da ruwa fiye da 50 da mutane dubu, kamar yadda wadata da aka katse a lokacin da kawar da sakamakon na bala'i.

Kai hatsarori da a saki gaggawa chemically abubuwa masu haɗari a Rasha: Misalan

A shekarar 2012, 6 Fabrairu, a cikin Novosibirsk yankin a cikin art. Marsh ammonium hydroxide leaked daga w / d tanki. A lokacin zaman drained kwata na da yawa na ciki. Sashe na daga cikin ammonia zube a hanya. Tare da sufurin kaya jiragen kasa gudãna tank isa tashar. Himzavodskaya Kuibyshev w / e. Akwai ta kasance uncoupled da kuma aika zuwa tsaya cak. A shekarar da ta shige, a 2011, a farkon watan Nuwamba, ya birkice jirgin ruwa mai ɗaukar man fetur tare da ammonia ruwa. Daga cikin jimlar adadin (12 m) gudana a kusa da 200 lita. Isa wuta wanke bayani. The wuyansa na tanki da aka shãfe haske. A tashar Chelyabinsk (Main) a cikin wannan shekara, a daya daga cikin motoci da aka samu hayaki a cikin dare na Satumba 1. Lokacin da dubawa an gano cewa, shi ya bromine a gilashin kwantena. Dama daga gare su m. Ma'aikata na tashar wagon aka sauri hawa zuwa wani hadari nesa. Yana da aka billed Cordon. A wannan rana bromine zube da aka gaba daya shafe ta. A cewar kwamitin binciken, 132 sha wahala daga saki tururi 52 daga cikinsu suka mayar da su zuwa asibiti.

a ƙarshe

Yana ba duk hatsari sakewa gaggawa chemically abubuwa masu haɗari a Rasha. A misalai a cikin labarin, shi ne kawai a hukumance da aka sani lokuta. Wasu bala'i ba su samu talla. Wannan ne mai yiwuwa saboda su kananan sikelin. Duk da haka, ya kamata a ce cewa duk abin da ya, a cikin wani hali mai guba mahadi sa irreparable cutar da biyu mutane da kuma muhalli. Hatsari sakewa m sunadarai a Rasha - daya daga cikin manyan kalubale da ke fuskantar gwamnatin. A mafi gaggawa batun kare yawan daga mai guba effects. Don inganta aminci daga cikin wuraren, domin ya hana hatsarori shafe a saki gaggawa chemically abubuwa masu haɗari a cikin Rasha tsarin horo ma'aikata ya kamata a inganta, kyautata kayan aiki, ya tsaurara dokokin hali a irin wannan Enterprises.