Harkokin waje da kuma na cikin gida Politika Elizavety Petrovny. Elizabeth na ta sarautar

Elizaveta Petrovna hau gadon sarautar, a wani juyin mulki a 1741. Ta kasance 'yar sanannen Sarkin sarakuna Bitrus I da Catherine I. External da ciki Politika Elizavety Petrovny aka nufin ci gaba da sake fasalin na mahaifinta. Empress fi son zuwa bikin da rayuwa da kuma ikon a jihar shi a hannun favorites. Duk da wannan, ta sarautar aka alama da dama da canje. Wannan talifin zai tattauna da sake fasalin cewa Elizaveta Petrovna, wani taƙaitaccen look at ta waje da kuma cikin gida manufofin.

A kan hanyar zuwa ikon

Haife Elizaveta Petrovna a 1709. Akwai shaida da cewa shi ne Sarkin sarakuna ta fi so ya. Elizabeth samu mai kyau da ilimi. Bitrus I, suna begen su ba da 'yarsa aure ga Louis XV, gayyaci mafi kyau malamai su koya ta Faransa. A hada da halin da Elizabeth ta fushi da kuma moodiness. Masana tarihi sun nuna cewa, nan gaba empress son sa marmari riguna, ta kaunace yi rawa da hawan doki.

Bayan mutuwar Bitrus I hau zuwa kursiyin Elizabeth ta dan - Bitrus II. Bayan mutuwarsa a 1730, ya zo iko Anna Ivanovna. A wannan lokaci, ikon m ikon ya auku da cika fuska. Bayan rasuwar Anny Ioannovny dauki kursiyin ta dan , Ivan VI, amma saboda ya matasa shekaru dokoki Anna Leopoldovna kasar. Policy wannan regent sun m da hakan da'ira na Rasha al'umma.

juyin mulki

Accession zuwa kursiyin Elizabeth ne saboda da juyin mulki a 1741 ya kasance sakamakon wani ƙulli a cikin mafi girman zamantakewa da'irori, da kuma shirya sun I. G. Lestok da kuma nan gaba empress. The juyin mulki da aka za'ayi tare da taimakon dakarun na Preobrazhensky rajimanti. A watan Nuwamba, 1741, biyu daga cikin manifesto da aka buga. Su hukumance tabbatar Accession zuwa kursiyin Elizabeth da kuma shelar zamanin Ivan VI doka.

Ya kamata a lura da cewa juyin mulki Empress taimaka Lestocq VI, Shuvalov, P. Shuvalov, A. Razumovsky, Vorontsov. Sun kasance sũ ne zaunanniyar Elizabeth lokacin da ta mulkinsa.

sake fasalin harkokin

A 1740. waje da kuma cikin gida Politika Elizavety Petrovny aka directed zuwa komawa zuwa Petrine sake fasalin. Bayan hawa kan karaga, ta koma zuwa majalisar dattijai da dama a cikin zubar a zamanin mulkin mahaifinta. A zamanin mulkin Empress Elizabeth 1 na wannan jiki da aka ba alama ta wani manyan canje-canje. Key majalisar dattijai da matakan da aka nufin warware matsaloli kamar yadda suka bayyana.

Sake fasalin harkokin Elizabeth yi magana ma na majalisar ministoci. Wannan jiki da aka soke. Maimakon haka, sai ya tabbatar da wani taron na Empress a mallaka Kotun. Yana sarrafawa cikin ayyukan da majalisar dokoki - Majalisar Dattawa.

Har ila yau, a lokacin Elizabeth aka reactivated majistare, Berg kuma ƙera allon.

Ya kamata a lura da cewa mafi girma da matsayi shagaltar a kotu fi so daga cikin Empress, da kuma mutumin da ya taimaka mata ta hau gadon sarautar. Daga cikin su akwai manya na HALITTAR Vorontsov, Razumovsky da Shuvalov.

zaman jama'a da manufofin

Social siyasa na Empress aka nufin karfafa autocracy da kuma sa prodvoryansky hali. A sakamakon sake fasalin, wanda zai gudanar da Elizaveta Petrovna, manoma sun kasance fi dogara a kan galihu mutane. A 1760 manya da aka ba dama zuwa gudun hijira serfs zuwa Siberia. Bugu da kari, manoman ba zai iya tafiyar da harkokin kudi ba tare da izinin da mallaki gidaje. Su ma a nasu ba su iya zuwa enlist. Tun 1764 dauke a cikin ta mallaka manoma iya kawai mutane na daraja asalin.

Ya kamata a lura da cewa kisa da aka soke a zamanin Elizabeth. Maimakon haka, shi ya fara amfani da wani karin m hanya, ko da yake yi na kofur azãba a cikin gidan haya 'kadarori da kuma sojojin na ci gaba da zama.

baƙauye tashin

Harkokin waje da kuma na cikin gida Politika Elizavety Petrovny ya haddasa wani gagarumin tabarbarewar halin da ake ciki na manoma. Wannan ya sa a cikin zargin amincewarsa a tsakiyarsu. Baƙauye damunsu bayyana kanta da farko a cikin taro gudun hijira, looting kadarori da kuma fashi da makami. An sau da yawa tare da duk kashe-kashen na noblemen.

Har ila yau, a zamanin mulkin Elizabeth haskaka da taro baƙauye yunkuri. A farkon 1740. akwai tarzoma a Bashkir yanayi. A 1743 Teryushevskoe fara tunzurin. Mallaka hukumomin gudanar ya kashe shi kawai ta tsakiyar 1745.

tattalin arziki da siyasa

Elizabeth garambawul ta shafa a tattalin arziki Sphere. A 1754 ta soke kwastan aikinsu a cikin kasar. Wannan garambawul iya taimaka warware tattalin arziki fragmentation na Rasha da kuma Tarurrukan na cinikayya. A 1757, da kwastan da aikinsu a kan dukiya shigo cikin kasar da aka ƙara. Rasha a lokacin Elizabeth jagoranci wani m cinikayya tare da kasashen yammacin Turai iko (Britaniya, Faransa) da kuma gabashin jihohin.

By domin na Empress sabon bankunan da aka halicce: manya da Kasuwanci. Su samu gudummawar da ci gaban harkokin kasuwanci a Rasha Empire. Har ila yau, a zamanin mulkin Elizabeth nobility samu wani kenkenewa a kan kason.

A 40-60-ies. XVIII karni. rayayye raya masana'antu. New kasuwanci bude a Irkutsk, Yaroslavl, Tambov, Ivanovo, da sauransu. D.

Al'adu ci gaban Rasha

Da yake jawabi game da ci gaban da Rasha a cikin 40-60-ies. XVIII karni., Yana da muhimmanci a lura da al'adu da manufofin da aka za'ayi Elizaveta Petrovna. Shekaru da ta sarautar aka alama ta nasarori a cikin Sphere na ilimi, kimiyya, gine-gine gine, da sauransu. D. Wancan ne daga lokaci na Elizabeth haske fara a Rasha.

Ƙaddarãwar Empress aka sake tsarafa soja makarantu. Bugu da kari, na farko makarantar sakandare a babban birnin kasar da kuma a Kazan suka buɗe. A 1755 shi da aka kafa jami'ar Moscow, kuma bayan shekaru 2 - Academy of Arts.

Da yawa da hankali ne ya biya Empress tsari wadanada muhallinsu. Domin gina da Winter Palace m Rastrelli na Italian asali, da aka gayyace. Yana kuma equips da Catherine Palace a Tsarskoye Selo. Yana aka canza da kuma tsohon mazaunin Bitrus I Peterhof da Strelna.

A zamanin Elizabeth shi da aka kafa na farko jama'a wasan kwaikwayo a Yaroslavl da St. Petersburg.

Foreign Policy a 1740 shekaru

Kamar yadda muka gani a baya, kasashen waje da kuma cikin gida Politika Elizavety Petrovny aka nufin karfafa matsayin da fadar mulki. Kafin ta Accession zuwa kursiyin Rasha halarci yaki da Sweden. Kwamandan a Chief of Army aka nada P. P. Lassi. Bayan zuwa ga ikon, Elizabeth sojojin Rasha sun iya kama dukan ƙasar Finland. Tattaunawar zaman lafiya tsakanin kasashen biyu ya fara a 1743. Wakilai daga Rasha sun kasance Rumyantsev da I. Lyuberas. Yarjejeniyar da Abo da aka kammala a 1743. By ta sharuddan, Rasha daukan kan wani ɓangare na Finland.

Rasha a cikin shekaru bakwai 'War

A wannan yaki, ya samu halartar biyu na hadin gwiwa na kasashen Turai. A kashi na farko na Ingila suka yi, Portugal da kuma Prussia, na biyu ciki har da Austria, Faransa, Sweden, Saxony, Spain da kuma Rasha. Elizabeth 1 sanar da shigarwa cikin yaki a 1757 Wannan shi ne saboda manufofin da Prussia, wanda barazanar da yankin bukatun na Rasha Empire a cikin Baltic Amurka da kuma Poland.

Babban events na shekaru bakwai War

Shekaru bakwai 'War - babban kasashen waje da manufofin taron lokacin da dokoki Elizaveta Petrovna. A tebur da mafi muhimmanci kwanakin alaka da hannu na Rasha a wannan rikici, da aka gabatar a kasa.

Ya kamata a lura da cewa yin amfani da sakamakon da wadannan nasarori na Rasha Empire bai yi nasara ba. A 1761, Elizaveta Petrovna mutu daga makogwaro zub da jini. Ya dauki kursiyin Peter III. Ya shiga wani ƙawance da Prussian sarki, ya kuma ba shi da baya duk da nasara da ƙasashensu.

Personal rai

Ko kafin Accession a kan karaga, Elizaveta Petrovna aka tsunduma ga Prince Charles-Holstein Gottorpskiyskim. Amma lokacin da ya dawo a St. Petersburg, ya kamu da smallpox kuma ya mutu.

A 1731, Elizabeth 1, farkon mai soyayya al'amarinsu tare da 'yan qasar na Dnieper Cossack Alexei Rozum. A cewar rahotannin da ba tabbatar, a cikin 1742 da suka kasance aure. By lokacin Alex samu wani sabon sunan (Razumovsky), kuma ya kasance wani m bafadan.

A farkon 50-ies na Empress wani sabon fi so. Sunansa Ivan Shuvalov. Yana da aka quite wani ilimi mutum, sai ya kaunace kimiyya da fasaha, da kuma kiyaye abota da Mikhail Lomonosov.

Sadarwa da dama favorites da daji rai na Empress haifi yawa jita-jita game da asirin haihuwa yara. Bayan rasuwar Elizabeth ta fara bayyana yawan ƙiren ƙarya. Sun bayyana kansu da yara na Empress. Mafi shahara mayaudarin zama Princess Tarakanov.

hanyar rayuwa

Sahaban Elizabeth bikin ta da hankali da alheri. Duk da haka, wadannan halaye suna gaba daya ya watsar sabon abu kasala da muguwar sha'awa ga nisha. Empress jagoranci wani sako-sako da hanyar rayuwa, sau da yawa sha giya. By harkokin jama'a ya quite sha'aninsu dabam. Rasha jami'an diplomasiyan daga zamanin Elizabeth ya lura cewa treatises a kan ƙarshe na zaman lafiya zuwa kwanta a ta Unsigned watanni.

Jim kadan kafin mutuwar Empress rungumi tsoron kasancewa shi kadai. Ta yana jin tsoro ya barci kadai a cikin dakin. Bugu da kari, ta ne kullum tunanin daukar fansa fatalwowi mutane wadanda aka azabtar ko aika ta umarci Siberia. Kowane dare Elizaveta Petrovna da aka gudanar a daban-daban da dakuna na fada.

sakamakon

Elizaveta Petrovna ya kan kursiyin domin shekaru 20. Duk da sako-sako da hanyar rayuwa da kuma rashin tunani ga harkokin jama'a, a lokacin da ta sarautar tare da wani jerin sauye-sauye da kuma al'adu nasarori. Akwai da wadannan siffofin na siyasa na Elizabeth.

1. The farko ta sarautar Empress alama ta m sake fasalin. Duk da haka, tuni a cikin 50s a cikin manufofin da Elizabeth 1 bayyana conserved fasali. A wannan lokacin, muhimmanci worsens halin da ake ciki na peasantry, aka evidenced da tawaye.

2. Prodvoryanskaya manufofin kara da gata.

3. A kasashen waje da manufofin da aka mamaye da yammacin vector. Bisa ga sakamakon da yaki tare da Rasha da shi ya annexed bangare na Finland.

4. A ci gaba da kimiyya da kuma al'adu. A zamanin Elizabeth, shi aka lura na farko matakai a kan hanyar zuwa haskaka absolutism.