Harkar Kuɗi tsarin da abubuwa.

Don kwanan wata, babu wani daga cikin doka jiha a duniya ba zai iya zama ba tare da monetary tsarin. Harkar Kuɗi tsarin da ta abubuwa ne naúrar na monetary wurare dabam dabam na kasar na cikin gida da tattalin arziki, wanda aka kafa a lokacin biyar ƙarni na tarihi da m yabo na kasa gwamnatin dokokin. Babban bambancin dake tsakanin da tsarin dukiya a kasashe daban-daban ne a duniya kudin.

A halin yanzu, monetary tsarin da abubuwa suna kafa daga ginannun iri, dako da wanda suke ƙarfe kudin tsarin, bisa real kudi (azurfa, da zinariya, platinum tsabar kudi, da dai sauransu) da kuma tsarin na bashi da takarda dabam dabam (monetary bangaren ƙwace alamar darajar ). Bi da bi, da irin karfe da tsarin tattalin arzikin duniya da dama a cikin bimetallism da monometallism.

Bimetallism halin da yin amfani da biyu monetary m matsayin - azurfa da zinariya. Wannan irin monetary tsarin sarrafa XVI-XVIII ƙarni, yayin da akwai free coinage Unlimited yawan tsabar kudi ta amfani da nau'i biyu na karfe. Wannan irin kudi tsarin ya kai ga hawa da sauka a cikin tattalin arziki halin da ake ciki a kasuwa, saboda amfani da biyu karafa Yanã hawa da sauka a cikin farashin manufofin ga dukiya da kuma ayyuka. Saboda haka, a ci gaba da tsarin jari hujja, wanda ake bukata a barga kudi wurare dabam dabam, abu don guda miƙa mulki ga monometallism. Monometallism halin da amfani kawai da karfe (azurfa ko zinariya), kamar yadda wani janar m. Tare da ci gaba da irin wannan monetary tsarin zinariya monometallism samu gwaji canje-canje, zuwa kashi zinariya tsabar kudin, bullion da zinariya musayar misali. Gold tsabar kudin da misali da aka yi amfani da yardar kaina a cikin kasar, amma aka dakatar da waje kasuwanci saƙonni. A karshen dogon farko duniya yaki, wannan misali an soke saboda kaifi karfe gaira saboda soja bayar wa. A ta maye gurbinsu da zinariya bullion da zinariya musayar nagartacce. Wadannan iri nuna musayar banknotes domin zinariya bullion ko taken (tsabar kudi kudin kasashen waje biyan bashin), wanda za a iya yi musayar zinariya. Duk da haka, wadannan nagartacce an soke bayan tattalin arziki na duniya rikicin, wanda ya jawo gabatarwar guda takarda-bashi tsarin na magani. Wannan tsarin dogara ne a kan batun da na kowa banknote a kasar. A monetary tsarin a Jamus ne Firayim misali na tarihi cigaban kudi wurare dabam dabam.

International monetary tsarin da abubuwa da aka kafa a shekarar 1944 a wani taro na lamuni da kuma Financial taron na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Organization a Amurka a Bretton Woods, inda aka yanke shawarar gabatar da Inter-jiha zinariya musayar misali. An amince da gyarawa wasu sharudda:

• Gold aka gane a matsayin makoma wajen lissafi a tsakanin kasashen biyu, da yin aiki da na duniya da kudi, kuma ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin misali ga kimantawa na zaman jama'a dũkiya.
• Dollar aya da Sterling - tare da yin amfani da zinariya a cikin tattalin arzikin duniya na kudi da Amurka da kuma Birtaniya naúrar da aka gabatar.
• Girkawa na kasuwa darajar daga zinariya da aka kafa a kan tushen da hukuma darajar Amurka.
• National ago za a iya yardar kaina musayar for daloli a kasar ta babban bankin, sa'an nan a cikin zinariya. Wannan musayar gudummawar da yiwuwar sulhu da ƙauyuka tsakanin kasashen biyu.

A sakamakon weakening na waje matsayi na Amurka kasuwa saboda da depletion na zinariya reserves a kasar, da lamuni na duniya da kuma tsarin da aka gyara, wanda aka bisa ga nasa tarihin na dollar, sha wahala fatarar. A wuri na dollar zo da ajiye kudin - da Jamus alamar, da SDR, ECU da Japan yen, da dollar farashin zinariya da aka hukuma da soke.