"Harkar Kuɗi parity - wannan ..." ko kadan game da duniya finance

Kamar yadda ka sani, tsakanin ago na wasu kasashe a ƙarƙashin rinjayar da wadata da kuma bukatar saita buying da sayar da rates. Duk da haka, samuwar musayar kudi ne da za'ayi ba kawai a ƙarƙashin rinjayar kasuwar sojojin - a cikin wannan harka cikin shakka zai zama ma m. A tushe kudin kayyade zumunta dabi'u na haka-kira parity - ne da zuciyar da riko da baya ci gaba a kasashen waje musayar kasuwa a cikin m iyaka. Da cewa shi ne, za mu tattauna a wannan talifin.

Da farko, bari mu ce cewa a cikin wadanda ba m fahimtar parity - shi ne cikakken daidaici da matsayi (misali, da parity na jihohi game da ikon da makamai, matsayi a cikin kasa da kasa fagen fama, da sauransu). A fili yake cewa game da kasashen waje musayar kasuwa manufar "parity" a gabar "daidaitawa" ba za a iya amfani, domin a duniya akwai biyu ago a wannan kudin. Saboda haka, an zaci cewa musayar kudi parity - aka bayyana a cikin majalisu matakin, wani asali darajar rabo biyu ago a kan abin da musayar kudi tsarin, wanda, bi da bi, za a iya canza a ƙarƙashin rinjayar kasuwar sojojin, amma da iyãkõkin ci gaba, kafa ta kayyadewa. Definition da 'yan majalisu kafa kudin parities ne daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci, saukarwa a cikin samuwar na monetary tsarin na jihar da kuma za'ayi a ƙarƙashin rinjayar biyu ciki da waje dalilai.

Akwai hanyoyi daban-daban, da su kafa da kudin parities. A baya can tushe domin ayyana dangantaka tsakanin daban-daban jihohin ago kundin sun zinariya (daga baya - zolotodollarovyh arziki) taskar. Duk da haka, rikicin na seventies nuna cewa zinariya da dalar Amurka ne ba m yi da duniya m ayyuka kamar yadda zinariya a lokacin da aka, a gaskiya, wata haja maimakon wani nau'i na kudi, da kuma dollar aka kawai ba sun tabbatar da cewa shi aka fili ya nuna a lokacin gabatar da Faransa Amurka kudin da za a yi musayar zinariya. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa a yau musayar parity ƙaddara da rabo data kasance a cikin kasashen na musamman zane hakkokin - IMF da kuma tsari na wucin gadi kungiyar bankin duniya ta kudin, wanda ya bada dama ga jihar don samun bashi domin shi. The adadin SDRs gudanar da kasa ne m da ta ƙa'ida a shigarwa a cikin IMF (lasafta bisa ga yawan jama'a, Manuniya natsschetov tsarin a duniya kasuwa, da sauransu), kazalika da shekara-shekara membobinsu gudunmawar da taskar kungiyar.

Daya ban sha'awa ka'idar, amma da wuya a yi m hanyoyin da za a sami dangantakar tsakanin ago na kasashe daban-daban ne definition na irin wannan nuna alama a matsayin parity sayen ikon da kudin. Wannan hanya ita ce tabbatar da dalilin da dangantaka tsakanin farashin m kayayyakin a cikin kasashen biyu. Saboda haka, daya daga cikin mafi yawan sanannun iri PCB ne "Big Mac Index", wanda yake shi ne a matsayin masu zaman kansu rarraban tamanin da duniya shahara hamburger a McDonald ta gidajen cin abinci a daban-daban jihohi. Saboda haka, sayen ikon parity - gwargwado wanda, a daya hannun, ya nuna bambanci a cikin real sayen ikon da kudin, amma a daya hannun, ba asusu na wadannan bambance-bambance tsakanin kasa da tattalin arziki, kamar yadda tamanin da albarkatun, da matakin na biyan aiki, da sauransu. Kamar yadda aka sanannu tun lokacin Ricardo, bambanci tsakanin ainihin darajar da dukiya ne dalilin kayyade kamanta da cikakken amfani, da kuma PKS ka'idar nuna cewa real tamanin da samfurin a cikin kasashe daban-daban ne guda, cewa ta rushe ka'idar Ricardo, tabbatar a yi. Saboda haka, a yau, dokar ma'anar da parity - shi ne kadai hanya zuwa fiye ko žasa da isasshen iko kasa tsarin dukiya.