Halitta kenkenewa

Kira kenkenewa Enterprises, wanda ya zauna a takamaiman kasuwar rinjaye matsayi. Wannan ya yale shi ya amfana da hana kasuwa daga wasu masana'antun, da kuma shibta sharuddan to abokan ciniki.

Halitta kenkenewa daukan kasuwa na musamman halin da ake ciki saboda yanayi ta samar. Wannan na iya zama wata bukata don amfani tsada sosai kayan aiki, tafin kafa ikon mallakar albarkatun, kwarai fasaha da kuma ikon iyaka. The rinjaye matsayi na kamfanin da ake kira, idan yana daukan 65% na dukiya kasuwar.

Matsayin mai mulkin, da wata halitta kenkenewa - shi ne manya-manyan sha'anin da wani ci gaba kayayyakin more rayuwa, wanda sake haifar da wani da wuya sosai, kuma uneconomical. Alal misali, Railways, ikon da zafi, da dai sauransu. Mai monopolies ne kawai da jama'a Enterprises, wanda ne ba makawa ga aiki na tattalin arzikin a ko'ina cikin kasar. Domin irin wannan Enterprises, halin da high dokin cewa dole ne a shawo shiga cikin masana'antar.

A halin da ake ciki a Rasha, a cikin abin da kasancewar ta kasuwar kenkenewa hana ci gaban da cikakken gasar, wadda take kaiwa zuwa wani raguwa a fitarwa damar. A Soviet lokaci a lõkacin da umurnin tsarin tattalin arziki management dukan tattalin arzikin gaskiya ne cewa yanzu ma'anar kalmar "halitta kenkenewa". To, babu gasar a manufa, sarrafa da cikakken manufar shirin. Gosplan, Jihar kwamitin da Jihar arziki kafa duk aiki sigogi na kasar Enterprises.

Halitta kenkenewa kuma a matsayin wani na musamman da irin kasuwar tsarin kaya a cikin abin da shinge don shigarwa a wasu batutuwa tashe a irin wannan hanyar da kusan warkarwa.

A rarrabe da gurguzu kenkenewa shi ne cewa su aka aza "daga sama", yayin da a cikin 'yan jari hujja duniya, sun fara fito fili "daga kasa" da kuma tare da gasar (sunã warware wani abu kamfanin tare da ci-gaba da fasaha da kuma karfi fasaha tushe).

Legacy sotsepohi sun fi mayar da m kara raya huldar cinikaiya a kasar. Antimonopoly dokokin a Rasha aka ci gaba a cikin yanayi na zama na karfi rinjaye Enterprises da kuma nascent kasuwar Sin. Yau, shi ne kamiltattu kuma yana bukatar aiki a kan tushen da hakan na shari'a yi.

Halitta monopolies da karfi da matsayi a Rasha. Don yi a cikin goyon bayan da kasuwar Tsarin da kuma sha'anin siyasa da aka halitta da jihar kwamitin Antimonopoly Policy. A 1999, bisa shi halitta MAP -Ta ma'aikatar Anti-kenkenewa Policy kuma Support of Harkokin Kasuwanci. Duk da haka, da matakin na gasar a Rasha ne har yanzu bai isa ba. A dalilai domin wannan shi ne cewa kamfanonin bai kai zuwa fitowan da tasiri masu, da sha'anin sake fasalin kudin ya ba an yi amfani yadda ya kamata, da kuma kananan kamfanoni da har yanzu ba a ɓullo da wani isasshen matakin.

Halitta kenkenewa kamata ba zama mai hana zuwa ci gaban sauran alamar siffofin management (musamman - matsakaita da ƙananan kasuwanci). Saboda haka, masana sun yi imanin cewa Rasha a yau wajibi ne a kafa wani more rigorous antitrust dubawa na ciniki, auctions, tenders ga kayayyaki ga jihar bukatun. ya dauki mataki a kan yunkurin yankin hukumomi su hana motsi na babban birnin kasar da kuma kaya a ko'ina cikin kasar. yin amfani da gwamnatin tsari don fadada yiwuwa na gasar. jitu da hukuncin da CIS kasashe a kan batun na anti-kenkenewa tsari.