Gunpowder hayaki: abun da ke ciki. Shan taba ko smokeless foda - abin da zabi?

Idan kun kasance wani m mafarauci, to, lalle ne zuwa gare ku fiye da sau daya akwai wata tambaya da harsasai kayan aiki. Za ka iya amfani da su kawai harbi, amma gunpowder hayaki da kuma smokeless. Don yadda ya kamata yin wannan, dole ne ka san da fasali, abun da ke ciki, sharuddan amfani da gunpowder. Abin da muka samu a san a cikin wannan labarin.

irin gunpowder

Kowa ya sani cewa da foda - yana da m, wanda aka yi amfani iri daban-daban da makamai ba da dako motsi. Ware wadannan nau'o'in gunpowder:

1. Gunpowder hayaki:

• talakawa farauta.
• zabe.

2. Smokeless.

A cewar wani rarrabuwa na foda shi dabam a size, la'akari da shi ne ware:

• manyan foda.
• talakawan;
• lafiya.

Akwai wani rarrabuwa, da gunpowder a kan shi ne zuwa kashi biyu kungiyoyin:

1. Inji cakuda. Wannan kungiyar hada serougolny nitrate, black foda, da kuma alamar "Lesmok", da suka hada da ma wasu enhancers foda quality.
2. Gunpowder da sauran ƙarfi a wanda na iya zama duka maras tabbas, kuma-maras tabbas.

Dangane da iri-iri da foda yana da wasu halaye da kuma halaye da cewa dole ne a yi la'akari lokacin yin amfani.

A Properties daga cikin foda

Black foda, wanda aka tsara domin makami ne mai kyau foda ko kusan baki a launi, hatsi ko babu mafi 1.25 mm. Idan foda quality, da hatsi m, kuma zai yi luster, siffar iya zama zagaye to dan kadan kusurwa.

Gunpowder da hayaki kayan aiki farauta ammonium yawanci ana jerawa da size, cikinsa da karami da mafi alhẽri, tun da shi na samar da wani mafi m cajin konewa. Tun da farko a cikin karni na karshe, mun yi amfani da gunpowder ya fi girma.

Idan foda quality, shi ne ba don haka sauki gags tsakanin yatsun kafa. Hands zama kusan tsabta. Idan zuba a kan takardar da takarda, ya kamata ya kasance bayan shi a cikin nau'i na ƙura kusan ba ya zama.

Gunpowder hayaki a cikin wani karamin dintsi, idan kafa a kan wuta, da sauri karya fita, da takarda, duk da haka, ya zauna m. Idan ya bar burbushi a hannuwan ko takarda, sa'an nan, a cikin yi na gyara an talauci gauraye.

A abun da ke ciki na baki foda

A abun da ke ciki na foda kunshi wadannan aka gyara:

1. Potassium Saltpeter.
2. Coal.
3. Sulfur.

Kowane abun taka wata rawa a cikin abin da mix. Nitrate a lokacin bazuwar form oxygen, abin da ake bukata domin konewa na ci, sulfur da kuma karshe duk cements. Haka kuma, shi yana da ƙananan zazzabi fiye da kwal, haka gunpowder ƙonewa tsari na faruwa sauri.

Idan tambaya shi ya sa ba a yi amfani domin yi na gunpowder sauran iri nitrate, shi ne saboda potassium ba kamar yadda hygroscopic kamar yadda idan aka kwatanta da sauran. Coal ne yawanci samu daga itatuwa da cewa ba su Guduro. A general, ingancin da itace, da kuma haka kwal, muhimmanci musababin da kaddarorin gunpowder.

Sera Manufacturing foda ko da yaushe dauka kawai crystalline, ba tare da admixtures na alli da magnesium mahadi kazalika da karafa ko yashi.

Abun da ke ciki na baki foda ne kusan m: 75% ammonium nitrate, 15% kwal da kuma 10% sulfur, da kuma kyakkyawan samu cakuda daban-daban quality. Duk wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa daban-daban aka gyara daga cikin cakuda ne ƙasa, da kuma wannan tsari daya ne daga cikin mafi muhimmanci a samar.

M al'amurran da baki foda

Black baki foda yana da yawan abũbuwan amfãni cewa sukan yi amfani.

• Ko da tare da dadewa ajiya Properties na su kusan ba ya rasa, amma kawai a karkashin yanayin da cewa 100% shi aka ware daga danshi.

• Very da sauri kunna.
• A kananan ji na ƙwarai to ingancin foda wads da gaskets.
• Kusan ba ya canzawa da ƙonewa wani karfe gun ganga.
• Kusan ba ya yarda da manyan hawa da sauka a cikin zafin jiki, don haka wannan da aka samu nasarar yi amfani da zafin rana da kuma a cikin sanyi.
• Ko ba sosai kiyaye ingancin gun konewa tsari.

shortcomings

Duk da manyan yawan abũbuwan amfãni, wanda zai iya ba ce game da disadvantages, kuma su ne ma ba:

1. Idan har dan kadan da hayaki gunpowder stained, sa'an nan halayensa, ya yi hasarar har abada.
2. Saboda sakamakon toka ƙwarai gurabata ganga.
3. Lokacin da kora, m sauti.
4. Strong recoil.
5. A kananan sulusi da murabba'i airspeed.
6. Bayan da harbi da aka kafa a da girgijen hayaki da cewa ya hana ganin sakamakon su harkokinmu. Domin wannan dalili, shi ne kusan ba a yi amfani da lãka tattabara harbi.
7. Ba wani da kyau amfani da shi a cikin ruwa da kuma rigar weather.

Korau halaye juya daga kusan kamar yadda da yawa kamar yadda akwai abũbuwan amfãni.

Sharuddan ajiya na gunpowder

Ba wai kawai da hakkin ya yi foda ko saya shirye-sanya, shi wajibi ne don adana duk da halaye da matužar bin da shawarwari ga ajiya:

1. Ya kamata ya zama kawai a cikin busashshen wuri.
2. Don hana ingress ma wani karamin adadin danshi, shi wajibi ne don rufe da tam occlude da jirgin ruwa.
3. Kamata ba za a sanya gaba ga baki foda ko smokeless capsules.
4. Idan ka ajiye foda gidan, sa'an nan ya kamata ya zama wani wuri zuwa gaba daya ware shigar azzakari cikin farji daga wani yaro a can.

Idan duk wadannan dubaru da ake bi, sa'an nan da gunpowder hayaki an aje ta ka a gare shekaru.

Production na baki foda

Da farko, da irin wannan foda halitta da kasar Sin don amfani a wasan wuta. Kawai sai ya fara amfani da makamai ko bama-bamai.

Yin baki foda na bukatar yin amfani da kayan domin samar na itace ko lãka. Wannan shi ne saboda ganin cewa ya na da daya fasalin - za a iya kunna ta rikicewar lantarki.

Don yin baki foda aka gyara an buƙata kamar haka:

• 75 grams na potassium nitrate.
• 10 grams na sulfur.
• 15 grams na gawayi.
• distilled ruwa.
• roba bags.
• beaker.
• lãka turmi.
• katako, cokali.

Dukan masana'antu tsari kunshi wadannan matakai.

1. Saka Saltpeter a turmi da kuma kara sosai. Da suka wuce haddi adadin sannan za a adana a wata jakar lēdà.
2. A wannan hanya dole ne a yi da sulfur da gawayi.
3. A beaker zuba potassium nitrate kuma ƙara ruwan zãfi to rigar nitrate.
4. Sa'an nan kuma ƙara da murƙushe sulfur da gawayi da kuma gauraye sosai ga 'yan mintoci.
5. Bar beaker a rana ta bushe.
6. Dry foda iya zuba a cikin akwati, amma ba su bar cikin wani roba jakar don kauce wa ƙonewa da rikicewar lantarki.

Idan ka bi wannan sauki umarnin, akwai kada ta kasance wata tambaya da yadda za a yi baki foda kadai.

A Hanyar masana'antu smokeless gunpowder

Kwanan nan, smokeless foda fara hankali maye gurbin hayaki, da kuma ga cewa akwai wasu filaye, amma za mu magana game da su daga baya, amma a yanzu la'akari da tambaya na yi wannan irin foda da hannu.

A nan ne ake gudanar da za a yi.

1. Mark auduga, ya sa shi a cikin wani 2% bayani daga sodium hydroxide da kuma Boiled for rabin awa.
2. Kurkura cikin ruwan zafi da kuma bushe.
3. Very hankali da kuma sannu a hankali Mix 250 ml na mayar da hankali sulfuric acid, 150 ml na nitric acid da kuma mayar da hankali, da kuma 20 ml na ruwa. wannan bayani zazzabi ya zama 25 digiri.
4. Dry auduga Dole ne a sa a cikin acid cakuda da Mix sosai tsawon minti 30. Za ka iya amfani da ko dai wani gilashi sanda ko ain.
5. Bayan wannan hanya, Cotton dole ne a wanke sau 5 a cikin wani ruwa mai zãfi for 25 minutes kowane lokaci. Duba kasancewa acid sharan iya zama wani litmus gwajin.

Kan aiwatar da Manufacturing smokeless foda, ko tsawo, amma shi ne quite m, a cikin gida, a gaban dukan aka gyara da kuma yarda da shawarwari.

duba foda

Bayan da gunpowder hayaki za a yi, dole ne a gwada. Domin wannan mun bukatar daukar quite a bit na foda da kuma sa wuta a shi a kan wani m surface. Idan yi daidai da samun wani ingancin samfurin, shi dole ne nan da nan karya fitar da ba su ƙone yan dakikoki kadan.

Lura cewa ya rage bayan konewa.

1. Idan stains kasance fari, shi wajibi ne don ƙara gawayi da kuma sulfur, domin da yawa nitrate.
2. A cakuda ba ya son ya karya fita, sai kadan sulfur.
3. A babban adadin hayaki ya ce wani wuce haddi na sulfur.

Sai dai itace cewa ba kawai muhimmanci tambaya shi ne yadda za su sa baki foda, amma babban abin da ya ya juya quality. Don yin wannan, kafin yin amfani da shi, kuma kana so ka gwada, watau duba ingancin.

Kayan aiki ammonium baki foda

Kafin nasu ba harsashi na gunpowder, shi wajibi ne don sanin sharuddan da ajiya. Idan ya zo a disrepair, babu wani dalili don amfani da shi. An ce cewa idan duk da yanayin ajiya na baki foda za a iya adana don har zuwa shekaru 20.

Kayan aiki baki foda harsashi dole ne a yi hankali da sosai. Pre-bukatar shirya kome da kome: harsashi lokuta, primers, foda da wads. Har ila yau dafa duka ga ciko foda zargin.

Domin m Shots foda dole ne ku auna nauyi to mafi kusa 0.01 g, musamman dispensers za a iya amfani da wannan manufa. Alal misali, idan ka yi amfani da baki foda, 16 zamo harsasai, da foda ya kamata a dauka 5-5.5 grams da smokeless - sau uku kasa.

Equipping harsasai baki foda, shi wajibi ne don kai tuna cewa da karami da hatsi, da mafi gunpowder. Bayan ciko da harsashi ne a hatimce Dultsev hannun riga.

Za ka iya, ba shakka, saya da makamai store, da kuma harsasai shirya, amma idan ka kanka suna yin foda, shi ne ma'ana to ba hannuwansu harsashi.

Quality smokeless foda

Domin da yawa tambaya taso: yadda mafi kyau don amfani da foda? Don amsa wannan tambaya, dole ne mu yi la'akari da kyau da kuma mummunan halaye ne na smokeless foda. Daga cikin abũbuwan amfãni ne da wadannan:

1. Sharpness da kwanciyar hankali na harbi fi kyau a lokacin da yin amfani da smokeless foda.
2. Low hygroscopicity damar da shi don ya bushe bayan samun rigar da ta ci gaba da amfani da shi.
3. Nasarawa baki foda ba a da girgijen hayaki, da kuma smokeless ba wahala, saboda a lokacin da kone kusan kafa pollutants gun ganga.
4. Ba irin wannan karfi da recoil aka samu ta hanyar da harbe-harben da kasa amo.

Amma akwai kuma rashin amfani, wanda ya kamata kuma a dauki la'akari lokacin da ka shirya sayan wani irin foda.

1. Smokeless foda yana da wani guntu shiryayye rai.
2. Yana bukatar kula na musamman don ba harsasai, saboda ko da kananan sabawa daga da ake so nauyi na foda iya kai ga a ke so sakamakon.
3. Aka gyara daga smokeless foda adversely shafi akwati.
4. Shafi canje-canje a cikin zazzabi.

Abin da gunpowder zabi zuwa wuta, kowane mutum na da kansa hukunci a gare kansa. Zabi yawanci dogara da akayi amfani, abu na farauta da kuma sauran abubuwan, haka wani lokacin yana da wuya a ce cewa daya ko wani irin foda mafi alhẽri.

Daya iya cewa kawai, ta amfani da wannan abu, ya kamata ka zama saba da da kaddarorin da kuma inganci da bin aminci matakan.