Guda biyu da kuma wadanda ba su guda biyu voiceless baƙaƙe

Na baka magana ne da muhimmanci sosai ga zaman rayuwar da kuma ci gaban mutum. Da yawa da hankali a cikin binciken na 'yan qasar (ko waje) harshe ne da aka ba magana - daidai pronunciation na phonemes. Akwai maganganu masu yawa da cewa bambanta kawai guda sauti. Saboda haka, aiki na gabobin da magana, kuma sauti samar aka bai kulawa ta musamman.

sauti samarwa

Sound samuwar faruwa a sakamakon shafi tunanin mutum da fi'ili aiki na mutum. Muryar na'ura kunshi wani diaphragm, da maƙogwaro, da epiglottis, pharynx, vocal igiya, baki da kuma hanci kogo, da harshe, palate (taushi da kuma m), da Alveoli, hakora, da harshenka, lebe.

Harshe da ƙananan lebe suna tsunduma cikin zvukoproizvodstve. Hakora, palate, babba lebe kasance m.

Yi na sauti (phonemes) ya hada da:

• numfasawa - numfashi,
• phonation - yin amfani da maƙogwaro da vocal igiyoyinsu don ƙirƙirar phonemes
• sanarwa akan abinda - aikin vocal na'ura zuwa zvukoproizvodstva.

M (voiceless) baƙaƙe na Rasha harshen

Haruffa a Rasha harshen daidai 33, da kuma sauti fiye da - 42 wasali phonemes, kunsha na tsarki murya - 6. The sauran 36 sauti - baƙaƙe.

A cikin halittar 16 baƙaƙe da hannu kawai amo sakamakon rinjãyarsu da exhaled iska kwarara daga wani shingen, ne hulda da jawabin gabobin.

^{[K] [n] [s] [t], [p], [x,], [awa], [u],} [k] [n] [s ] [m] [p], [x], [y], [br] - voiceless baƙaƙe.

Don koyon yadda za a tantance abin da baƙi sauti maras ban sha'awa, shi wajibi ne su san su main siffofin: a cikin abin da hanyar da inda suke kafa, a matsayin vocal folds suna da hannu a cikin su samar, ko palatalization a pronunciation akwai.

Ilimi m baƙaƙe

A samar da tsari kurãme baƙaƙe mu'amala daban-daban gabobin na jawabin na'ura. Suna iya interlock da juna ta samar da wata rata.

Voiceless baƙaƙe ake samar a lokacin da exhaled iska ya kwarara nasara wadannan matsalolin. Dangane da irin cikas kurãme phonemes kasu kashi:

• occlusives fashewar ^{[k, n, m,} q, n, m].
• occlusives Ramin (affricate) [n, ^b].
• Slotted (fricative) ^{[c, f, x ,, w ,,} c, f, s, w].

Dangane da wuraren da suka samar da shinge tsakanin kurãme phonemes suke da daraja:

• bilabial ^[n, n].
• labio-hakori ^{[f ,,} f].
• apicals hakori ^[s, s, ^t, m, n].
• apicals palatal-hakori ^{[h, u ,,} w].
• velar guttural ^{[k, x} k, x].

Vocal folds ne ko da yaushe a wani annashuwa jihar a lokacin da voiceless baƙaƙe ake samar. Muryar ba kafa, da phoneme hada da m amo.

Palatalization da velarization

M phonemes suna classified bisa ga mataki na tashin hankali tsakiyar harshe. A lokacin da a cikin shakka daga cikin wuya palate zvukoproizvodstva ya dauke da gaban da kuma tsakiyar harshe, haife palatalized baƙi (m) thud. Velyarizovannye (m) phonemes ake samar da dagawa da harshe da baya daga cikin taushi palate.

6 taushi ko wuya m 6 kurãme phonemes yi nau'i-nau'i, sauran nau'i-nau'i ba.

Guda biyu voiceless baƙaƙe - ^[k, - k], [t ^- n] ^[c, - c] ^[t - T], ^[f, - f] ^[x - s]. [C, ^h, w, ^u,] - unpaired voiceless baƙaƙe.

sanarwa akan abinda

A hade da dukan aikin da mutum gabobin na jawabin na'ura da hannu a cikin pronunciation na phonemes aka kira sanarwa akan abinda.

Don haka shi ne m, dole ne mu iya fili ambaci sauti, kalmomin, sentences. Wannan na bukatar da su horar da your vocal na'ura, gudanar da aiki pronunciation na phonemes.

Da zarar ka gane yadda kurame baƙaƙe ake samar, da yadda ya kamata ya hurta, yaro ko adult da yawa sauri mallaka magana.

Sauti [k - ^k, x - ^x,]

Lower karshen harshe, ɗauka da sauƙi tura a kan mandibular incisors. Bakinka dan kadan bude. Tãyar baya na harshe, sai ta zo a cikin lamba tare da tashe iyakar sashi na taushi da kuma m palate. By kaifi exhalation iska nasara da cikas - [k].

Nestle harshe karshen ƙananan gaban hakora. Tsakiyar da kuma mayar da harshensa a cire tare da tsakiyar mayar yankin na tukuru palate. Exhale - ^[k].

A samar da phonemes [x - ^x] gabobin da jawabin ana shirya kamar wancan. Kawai tsakanin su zauna ba rukũ'i, kuma crack.

Sauti [t - ^n]

An Rufe lebe da harshe iznin ƙarya, tip daga cikin kadan da tura daga cikin ƙananan incisors. Exhale. The iska jet karya ta hanyar lebe - [n].

Lebe suna located kazalika. Karshen da harshen latsa don mandibular incisors. Domin m palate dauke da tsakiyar harshe. Air tura kaifi lebe shawo kan matsala - ^[n].

Sauti [c - ^c]

Miƙa lebe, hakora kusan rufe. A karshen harshen a taba gaban hakora na ƙananan muƙamuƙi. Bend harshe, kiwon da talakawan baya ga palate. Its a kaikaice gefuna suna guga man da babba hakora daukan taban. The iska ya kwarara ya wuce ta tsagi kafa a tsakiyar harshe. Cin Nasara da rata tsakanin alveolar baka da kuma gaban backrest harshe - [s].

Phoneme ^[s] an furta kamar wancan. Kawai tsakiyar harshe yakan mafi girma da kuma ƙara gaban buckles (tsagi vuya).

Sauti [t - ^t]

Dan kadan bude bakinka. harshe natsu a cikinsa, da ƙarshen incisors daga cikin manya muƙamuƙi, forming da baka. A jet karfi daga exhaled iska karya ta hanyar da shãmaki - [t].

A matsayi na lebe ne guda. Tukwici na harshe jingina ga ƙananan incisors. A gaban wani ɓangare na harshe da taba da babba alveolar baka, samar da wani baka. A karkashin matsin lamba daga iska jet an shawo kan matsala - ^[t].

Sauti [f - ^f]

Ƙananan lebe kadan Draw da kuma ta manne mata babba hakora. Bar baya na harshe zuwa baya daga cikin taushi palate. A exhalation iska ya wuce ta wani lebur tsaguwa kafa lebe da kuma hakora - [f].

Lebe da kuma hakora a wannan matsayi. Tukwici na harshe zuwa ta motsa har zuwa ƙananan incisors. Middle ɓangare na harshe ga palate don ya dauke. Airflow ratsa labio-hakori rata - ^[f].

Sound [n]

Sound aka samar a matakai biyu:

1. Miƙa kadan m lebe. Karshen Harshe cika cunkus da gaban ƙananan hakora. Bar gaba, na daga cikin harshe, tun da rufe tare da wuya palate (kawai a baya da alveolar baka).
2. The iska gudana a cikin baka rami. Harshen dan kadan lankwasa - tsakiyar part don ya dauke, ƙananan baya, gefen gefuna guga man kan daukan taban hakora. Bow tuba zuwa da tsaguwa, da iska tsere - [n].

Sound ^[h]

phoneme Ilimi kunshi biyu bulan:

1. Dan kadan zagaye da kuma tura da lebe. Karshen da gaba, na daga cikin harshe jingina zuwa m palate da alveolar baka, samar da wani shãmaki.
2. Tura iska: a shafin na bond tsakanin harshe da kuma palate an samu tsaguwa. A daidai wannan lokaci shi wajibi ne don ya dauke tsakiyar harshe - ^[h].

Sauti [w]

Dan kadan taso keya lebe tura. harshen ilimi don ya dauke karshen kunkuntar nassi da palate da alveolar baka (1st Ramin). Cire tsakiyar harshe, dauke da raya sashe (2nd Ramin). Danna gefen don taban da ake hakora, kafa wani kwano. M exhale - [w].

Sauti ^[w]

Lebe dan kadan da kuma tura da zagaye. Karshen Harshe tashi zuwa alveolar baka, ba rike zuwa kasance lumen. Harshe daga wani m palate (sai gaban gefe) gefuna da a cire kan zuwa babba muƙamuƙi molars. Exhale sannu a hankali. A tsakiyar ɓangare na harshe ke sauka, samar da wani masauki ta hanyar abin da wani iska rafi. Harshe gina fi'ilai masu reshe - ^[u].

A jawabin rafi voiceless baƙaƙe ne a hade tare da sauran phonemes (vowels da kuma baƙaƙe). Idan, bayan wani m phonemes haka wani wasali, lebe dauki matsayi domin da sanarwa akan abinda na karshen.

Kwatanta m voiceless da kuma bayyana phonemes

Kira ne phonemes a ilimi shafe biyu murya da amo (Malkisadik Bayyana). Wasu bayyana sauti ana sa su guda biyu tsakanin kurma.

Guda biyu voiceless baƙaƙe da voiceless [k - i] ^[k - ^r] [n - b] ^[n - ^b] [t - d] ^[t, - ^d], [ s - h] [a ^{- z],} [f - a], [f ^{- a],} [u - x].

Unpaired bayyana da kuma unvoiced baƙaƙe:

• [D, ^{l, m, n, p,} l, m, n, p] - bayyana (sonorant).
• ^{[X, h, w,} x, y] - m kurãme.

Nadi m phonemes haruffa

Ability don rubuta daidai ne babu kasa mai muhimmanci fiye da magana. rubuta da harshen rinjãye ake dangantawa da ma fi girma matsaloli, kamar yadda wasu sauti a kan takarda iya rubuta tare da daban-daban haruffa ko haduwa da haruffa.

Voiceless baƙaƙe a cikin rubutu irin wannan haruffa aka aiko, idan sun kasance a cikin wani karfi wuri.

A cewar voicelessness-voicing: kafin a wasali, sonorant baƙi, [a - ^a], a wasu m (ya shafi guda biyu kurame!).

By taurin-softness: kafin a wasali [b, m, r, k, n, ^x, b, ^{m, r, k, n, x]} - for sauti [s, ^s, t, ^m], a karshen maganar.

A wasu lokuta, domin sanin ko daidai harafin (ko hade da haruffa) ga voiceless baƙi phonemes ne dole a yi amfani da wasu dokoki na Rasha harshe. Kuma wani lokacin da ka kawai bukatar ka tuna da daidai haruffan kalmomi (ƙamus).