GMO: amfani ko cuta? Genetically modified abinci da kwayoyin. A majalisu tsarin

The topic wannan labarin: "GMOs: amfani ko cuta?". Kokarin gane nuna rashin bambanci a cikin wannan al'amari. Bayan duk, da rashin objectivity na zunubi da yawa kayan ana yanzu sadaukar da wannan rigima topic. Yau, a kasashen da dama (ciki har da Rasha), manufar GMOs fara da za a yi amfani da lokacin da magana game da "kayayyakin da zai haddasa ciwon daji da kuma maye gurbi." Daga dukkan bangarorin na GMO jefa laka a lokuta daban- daban: m, m, wa'adi da abinci 'yancin kai na kasar mu. Amma yana tsoron genetically modified abinci , da kuma cewa da gaske shi? Bari mu amsa wadannan tambayoyi.

dikodi mai Concepts

GMOs - genetically modified kwayoyin da aka, cewa an modified ta kayyade aikin injiniya dabaru. A ra'ayi ne tsallaka ya shafi shuka. A baya, daban-daban shayarwa, kamar Michurin, cimma amfani Properties na shuke-shuke, ta amfani da dama dabaru. Waɗannan sun haɗa da, musamman, da grafting cuttings na wasu bishiyoyi ko wasu zabi ga seeding kawai tare da wasu halaye. Bayan wannan akwai wani dogon jira na da sakamakon, wadda ne kawai kamar wata al'ummomi da tabbaci bayyana. Yau, da gene za a iya canjawa wuri da hakkin wuri da haka da sauri samun abin da kuke so. Abin da ya ce GMOs - shi ne shugabanci na ci gaba a kan hanya, hanzarta shi.

The asali manufar da GMO kiwo

Manufar deducing GMO farko an kara yawan amfanin ƙasa na daban-daban shuke-shuke, su ƙãrã musu juriya ga m dalilai (gina jiki kasawa, fari), fitowan insensitivity da ƙwayoyin cuta mai sha'awar zuwa kwari kwari. A wasu kalmomin, da masana kimiyya so don samun shuke-shuke da suke a m halin kaka zai iya girma, ba high da ake samu, kuma ta haka ne warware abinci matsala. Kuma abin tambaya shi ne m yau a kasashen da dama na duniya. Wannan shi ne babban burin ya bi ta kayyade aikin injiniya da kuma fasahar binciken halittu, samar da GMOs.

Ta yaya ne GMOs?

Hanyoyin da dama za a iya amfani da su haifar da wani GMO shuka. Mafi mashahuri a yau ne Hanyar transgenes. So gene (msl, kamfar ruwa da juriya gene) ga cewa gano a cikin tsarki tsari daga wani DNA sarkar. Bayan haka, ya gabatar a cikin DNA na shuka da cewa yana bukatar da za a modified.

Kwayoyin halittu iya dauka daga related jinsunan. A wannan yanayin da tsari shine ake kira tsisgenezom. Transgenesis faruwa a lokacin da gene da aka dauka daga m nau'in.

Shi ne na karshe tsoro labarai tafi. Mutane da yawa koyi cewa alkama wanzu a yau tare da gene kunama fara fantasize game, ba girma da baya idan waɗanda suka yi amfani da shi domin abinci, fika da wutsiya. Wurare da dama na jahilci bazawa a forums da kuma yanar ƙara man fetur zuwa ga wuta. Yau GMO theme, amfani ko cuta wadda aka rayayye da aka tattauna, shi ya ba rasa dacewar. Duk da haka, wannan ba kawai abu cewa "masana", wadanda sabon zuwa Biochemistry da ilmin halitta, tsorata m masu amfani da kayayyakin dauke da GMOs.

GMO kayayyakin

Yau, wadannan kayayyakin sun amince da kiran wani abu da aka genetically modified kwayoyin, ko da wani kayayyakin da aka gyara da wadannan kwayoyin. Wannan shi ne GMO-abinci ne ba kawai genetically modified dankalin turawa, ko masara, amma kuma sausages, wanda ake kara a Bugu da kari ga offal kuma sodium nitrate -GMO waken soya. Amma samar da nama shanu da aka ciyar da alkama dauke da GMOs ba za a yi la'akari da irin wannan samfurin.

Effect na GMOs a jikin mutum

Manema labarai suka ba su masani a batutuwa kamar kayyade aikin injiniya da kuma fasahar binciken halittu ta, amma da suka fahimci da dacewar da gaggawa na GMO al'amurran da suka shafi, ta kaddamar da duck cewa samun shiga hanjinmu da ciki, sel dauke da kayayyakin da ake tunawa a cikin jini, sa'an nan kuma yada su tsokoki da kuma gabobin a cikin abin da haifar da cutar daji da kuma maye gurbi.

Dole mu lura da cewa wannan dama labarin ne da nisa daga gaskiya. Duk wani abinci GMO ko da su, a cikin hanjinsu, kuma ciki decomposes karkashin mataki na hanji enzymes, ciki secretions da pancreatic ruwan 'ya'yan itace a cikin bangaren sassa, kuma ba su kasance a duk kwayoyin halittu da sunadaran ba. Wannan amino acid, triglycerides, sauki sugars da kuma m acid. Duk wannan a sassa daban daban na gastrointestinal fili sa'an nan tunawa a cikin jini, sa'an nan ya ciyar a kan dalilai daban-daban: don samar da makamashi (sugar), kamar yadda wani gini abu (amino acid), makamashi reserves (mai).

Alal misali, idan ka dauki gennomoditsifirovanny jiki (misali, ya zama kamar wani mummuna kokwamba apple), shi zai iya chewed da kuma rushe a cikin bangaren sassa a cikin wannan hanya a matsayin wani maras GMO.

Sauran GMO-tsoro

Wani bike, babu kasa chilling, domin gaskiyar cewa a cikin mutum genome ne Hadakar transgenes, wadda take kaiwa zuwa tsanani sakamakon kamar rashin haihuwa da kuma ciwon daji. A karo na farko a shekarar 2012, Faransa sun rubuta game da ciwon daji a beraye cewa samu genetically modified hatsi. A gaskiya ma, Gilles-Eric Seralini, shugaban na gwaji, da samfurin da aka dauka, kunsha na 200 Sprague-Dawley berayen. Daga cikin wadannan, daya bisa uku na hatsi-ciyar GMO masara, wani na uku - genetically modified masara bi da herbicide, kuma na karshe - da saba wake. A sakamakon haka, da mace berayen suka ci genetically modified kwayoyin (GMOs) ya ba da wani lokaci na shekaru biyu, da girma da marurai a 80%. Maza suka sanã'anta a kan wannan rage cin abinci na koda da hanta da cutar. Characteristically, da uku a kan al'ada rage cin abinci dabbobi ne kashe daban-daban siffofin maruran. Wannan layi na berayen a duk yiwuwa ga bayyanar marurai, ba alaka da yanayin da iko. Saboda haka, tsarki na gwaji za a iya daukan m, kuma da aka ayyana wanda arzikinsa ya karye, kuma babu kimiyya a ciki.

Similar safiyo da aka za'ayi kafin, a shekarar 2005, a kasar mu. GMOs a Rasha ya yi nazarin ilmin halitta Ermakova. Ta gabatar a wani taro a Jamus bayar da rahoton wani high mace-mace mai karɓa-GMO waken soya beraye. Tabbatar a cikin wani kimiyya gwaji, da aikace-aikace sai ya fara yada a duniya, kawo matasa uwãyensu hysterical. Bayan duk, suka yi ta ciyar da su da jariran dabara-ciyar. Kuma sun kasance sunã soya GMOs. Biyar masana Nature fasahan ilimin halittu kara amince da cewa sakamakon da Rasha gwaji da aka gauraye, kuma ta tushe ne ba a gane.

Ina son don ƙara da cewa ko da idan wani yanki na waje DNA zai kasance a cikin mutum wurare dabam dabam, wannan kwayoyin bayanai ne a cikin wata hanya gina a cikin jiki da kuma ba ya haifar da wani abu. Hakika, a cikin yanayi akwai lokuta saka a cikin kasashen waje jiki jẽfo wani ɓaɓɓake daga genome. A musamman, wasu kwayoyin haka ganimar halittar jini kwari. Duk da haka, wadannan mamaki ba da aka bayyana a cikin mafi girma da dabbobi. Bugu da kari, kwayoyin bayanai da kuma kayayyakin galore ba tare da GMOs. Kuma idan ba su da gina a cikin kwayoyin abu na mutum har yanzu, ba za mu iya ci gaba da amince ci duk da cewa samamme ta jiki, ciki har da wadanda dauke da GMOs.

Amfani ko cutar?

"Monsanto", wani Amurka kamfanin, a farkon 1982 a kasuwar kawo genetically modified abinci: soya da kuma auduga. Ita ce kuma marubucin na kashe duk ciyayi, tare da togiya na genetically modified, herbicide "


".

A shekarar 1996, lokacin da kayayyakin da kamfanin "Monsanto" da an jẽfa shi a cikin kasuwanni, da hukumomi da gasa da ta domin ceton kudaden shiga fara wani babban-sikelin yaƙin neman zaɓe, wanda da nufin rage yawa da kayayyakin dauke da GMOs. A farko da zalunci alama Arfad Pusztay, a Burtaniya masanin kimiyya. Ya ciyar da GMO dankali berayen. Duk da haka, baya da masana duk lissafin da masanin kimiyyar fasa zuwa smithereens.

Potentsalny cutar da Russia GMO kayayyakin

Babu wanda boyewa cewa dasa GMO hatsi ƙasashe taba girma wani abu fãce kansu. Wannan shi ne saboda cewa da irin auduga ko waken soya, herbicide-resistant, ba moryatsya su. Saboda haka, za su iya zama fesa, cimma nau'i nau'i na sauran ciyayi.

Glyphosate - shi ne ya fi kowa herbicide. Ya fesa a gaskiya ko da a gaban shuke-shuke girma da sauri kuma suka za a iya kumbura, ba adana a cikin ƙasa. Duk da haka, resistant GMO shuke-shuke da damar yin amfani da shi a cikin manyan yawa, wanda na kara hadarin jari na glyphosate a GM-shuke-shuke. Haka kuma an sani cewa herbicide sa overgrowth na kashi nama da kiba. Kuma a Latin America da kuma Amurka cewa a bit da yawa na mutanen da suke da kiba.

Daya kawai amfanin gona tsara yawa na GMO tsaba. Wannan shi ne, zuriya za ka bari da cewa daya Yunƙurin. Mafi m, shi ne mai sayar ploy, saboda a wannan hanyar sayar GMO tsaba aka ƙara. Modified shuke-shuke, wanda ba na gaba tsara, akwai mai girma.

Tun da wucin gadi gene maye gurbi (misali, soya ko dankali) na iya kara allergenic Properties daga cikin samfurin, shi ne sau da yawa ya bayyana cewa GMOs ne m allergens. Amma bã tãre da saba sunadarai, wasu irin gyada alerji-free ko a cikin wadanda suka sha wahala da shi kafin shi ne a kan wannan samfurin.

Saboda yanayin pollination na GMO shuke-shuke iya rage adadin da sauran iri na jinsin. Idan biyu shafukan kusa shuka al'ada alkama da alkama-GMO, akwai hadarin da cewa ya saba maye gurbin samu karfafawa ga gyara, pollinating da shi. Duk da haka, da wuya kowa, dã Mun bã su girma tare.

Bar nasu iri asusun da amfani kawai GMO tsaba, musamman yarwa, jihar ƙarshe zai zama a cikin abinci, dangane da kamfanoni, wanda rike da iri.

Taron tare da sa hannu na Rospotrebnadzor

Bayan duk kafofin watsa labarai da aka replicated yawa sau da tsoro da labaru game da GMO kayayyakin, Rospotrebnadzor ya halarci yawa taro a kan batun. A wani taro a Italiya a watan Maris 2014, 'yan tawagarsa sun shiga a cikin fasaha da shawarwari a kan abun ciki na low yawa a Rasha na genetically modified kwayoyin. Yau, saboda haka, ta amince da shakka shi ne kusan cikakkiyar kaucewa daga cikin abinci kasuwar kasar na irin kayayyakin. An kuma an jinkirta aikace-aikace a aikin noma, na GMO shuke-shuke, ko da yake da amfani da GMO tsaba ne har yanzu shirya fara za a 2013 (Gwamnatin 23 ga watan Satumba, 2013).

bar code

Shi ya tafi har ma da kara ma'aikatar ilimi da kuma Science. An samarwa don amfani mai lamba maye gurbin bar code "ƙunshi GMO" a Rasha. Ya kamata dauke da dukkan bayanai game da samfurin dauke a cikin kayyade gyara, ko ta rashi. A da kyau farkon, amma la'akari da wannan mashaya code ba zai yiwu ba tare da musamman na'urorin.

Genetically modified abinci da kuma dokar

GMOs an kayyade dokar a wasu jihohi. A Turai, misali, da abun ciki na fiye da 0.9% ba a yarda a kayayyakin a Japan - 9% a Amurka - 10%. A kasar, da kayayyakin a cikin abin da GMO ciki ya wuce 0.9%, su ne batun m lakabtawa. Domin take hakkin wadannan dokokin Enterprises barazana takunkumi, ciki har da karewa daga ayyukan.

ƙarshe

A ƙarshe daga duk za a yi wannan kamar haka: matsalar GMO (amfani ko cuta daga yin amfani da kayayyakin dauke da su) a yau ne a fili karin gishiri. Unknown ga real sakamakon dogon lokacin da amfani da wannan kayayyakin. Don kwanan wata, iko kimiyya gwaje-gwajen a kan wannan batu ba a gudanar.