Galileo Galilei, kuma gaba ɗaya ya kara motsi

All jikuna a cikin real duniya ba zai iya motsa a akai gudu da kuma gudun da jiki yawanci canjãwa a kan lokaci, da kuma shugabanci da kuma girma. Irin wannan motsi yana kira sababbu. A sauki ba uniform motsi na jikinsu aka rectilinear gaba ɗaya kara motsi, da kuma shi za a iya dauke da wani haske misali na free fall.

Ka'idar gaba ɗaya kara motsi ɓullo da Galileo Galilei. Shi ne ya yi farko ya ba da definition wannan irin motsi, aka bayyana ta wurin dokokin da kuma tabbatar da yawan theorems.

Masana kimiyya sun aka karatu da motsi ta jiki jikinsu tun a tarihi mai nisa. Kinematic tushe aka dage farawa tun kafin Galileo ta haihuwa. Yanzu sanin hanyar traversed by jiki don wani lokaci tare da sani akai gudun, iya wani elemantare dalibi. Isa ya ninka gudun da jiki a kan tafi - da kuma amsar ne a shirye!

Matsalolin tashi da zaran ya fara la'akari da motsi na da wani jiki tare da m kudi, kuma a gaskiya a rayuwa don haka ya faru kusan ko da yaushe. Dubi injin gwada sauri mota - shi ne kullum a motsi, da kuma nuna cewa gudun da mota da aka canza kusan kowane minti daya, da kuma fi sau da yawa. Wannan matsala - yadda za a lissafta da hanyar motsi na jiki tare da taba-canza gudun - dami zukatan masana kimiyya dogon kafin Galileo.

Bayan jerin gwaje-gwajen, Galileo ya nuna cewa manufar 'jiki free fall "yake daidai da manufar" gaba ɗaya kara motsi. "

Yau, tare da matsananci-madaidaici ji na lokacin, don tsayar da muhimmancin ko da an makaranta zai iya fada. A lokacin Galileo al'ada inji watches sun rare, kuma m, kuma m. Saboda haka, masana kimiyya ya haifar da wani sabon gaba daya kayan aiki tare da wanda matsalar aunawa dabi'u a cikin fall an warware. Gwaji da kuma canza yanayi na gwaji, yin ma'aunai da kuma tattaunawa, Galileo hankali zo ga ƙarshe cewa jiki, fara daga sifili gudu, sa'an nan kuma motsa hankali kara gudu. Fassara zuwa lissafi kiyaye su gaba ɗaya kara motsi za a iya bayyana ta amfani da harshen da dabara a = VT d = (at2) / 2, inda v - kudi, hanzari na jiki - a, d - da nesa cewa jiki ya wuce a lokacin da lokaci t.

Idan ka duba da fall na jiki, kuma nazarin bayanan da dabara da za ka iya bi da masana kimiyya ce:

• cikin kudi na fall da lokaci elapsed daga farkon na motsi, ko da fili qara.

• idan jiki ya yi aikin gaba ɗaya kara motsi, da farko da rabi daga cikin hanyar shi zai dauki tsawon fiye da sauran part;

• ƙara "accelerates" jiki, da girma da hanyar da shi zai faru ga wannan jinkiri.

Bugu da kari, Galileo Galilei sanya wani wajen muhimmanci ƙarshe, duk da haka, ba zai iya tabbatar da ma'aunai. Ya samu cewa gravitational hanzari g ne kusan guda kusa da Duniya ta surface kuma shi ne daidai g = 9.8 m / s2. Wannan darajar characterizes fall gawarwaki a kusa da surface na duniya tamu saboda da Duniya ta nauyi sojojin, don haka shi ne ake kira gravitational hanzari ko gravitational hanzari.

A sakamakon Galileo bincike kafa dalilin da daga baya babban rabo binciken Newton da kuma kafa tushen zamani gargajiya makanikai. Da yawa daga baya, Newton ya nuna cewa cikin hanzari na jiki za a iya lasafta a rubuce ta yin amfani da bude su zuwa ga dokokin na makanikai da dokar nauyi.

Wani babu kasa muhimmanci ƙarshe daga Galileo binciken - free fall hanzari ne gaba daya m na taro. Wannan m ƙarshe sabawa duk pre-data kasance da'awar da na halitta da masana falsafa. Bayan duk, suka yi jãyayya da cewa kowane abu o ƙarin zuwa cibiyar sararin samaniya (da Earth, a cikin ra'ayi, da wannan cibiyar da aka) da mafi m abu, da sauri ya aikata.

Hakika, da karshe Galileo sanya a kan tushen da gwaje-gwajen. Amma shi ne wuya masanin kimiyya gudanar da gwaje-gwajen da dangana a gare shi, amai da "fadowa" hasumiya g.Pize daban-daban abubuwa wai a fili yana nuna cewa su duk fall zuwa surface na Duniya a lokaci guda. Muna iya kaɗai ce yaƙĩni cewa Galileo san for tabbata: da mutum abubuwa fāɗi ƙasa mafi sauri saboda ayyuka to iska juriya. Amma mutane sukan ƙirƙira labaru.