Fugue - abin da a music ka'idar?

A music ka'idar ne mai sa na sharuddan. Novice saurarõnsu iya tambayar a cikin mamaki: Fugue - abin da yake da shi? Kuma masana za su gaya maka cewa wannan shi ne daya daga cikin mafi m siffofin sautunan music.

Asalin da Genre

Idan amsar wannan tambaya na abin da wani fugue a music, da definition za a takaicce zama: a play, dangane da ganin wata jigo a cikin da dama muryoyin. A ajalinsu ya zo daga Italian kalma ta "Gudun." Fugue matsayin Genre haifa a cikin 15th karni, a lokacin da composers ana neman a yankin na m form kuma ku yi jihãdi ga farin cikin theme a da dama tabarau. Wannan shi ne zai yiwu a sautunan siffofin.

Idan kana son ka ba da wani karin cikakken amsar wannan tambaya na abin da wani fugue a music, da definition zai zama: wannan salo form halayyar farko don Baroque art, a lokacin da redundancy siffofin shi ne babban m ka'idojin. A m na Genre ne Alexander Poletti, wanda Ya halitta wani nau'i kira Fugue yau.

Mene ne Genre of music? Yana da wani da-kafa sa na m fasali, kammalã form. Kuma shi ya tabbatar Poletti duk da sigogi na fugue, ta babban alama ne polyphony. Wannan nau'i ya tunawa duk mafi kyaun abin da aka ƙirƙira a kwaikwayo da kuma contrapuntal music. A zuciya na fugue ne wani tunani. Shi ne ake kira jigo. Ta fugue consistently ɓullo da kuma wadãtar a daban-daban muryoyin, wannan take kaiwa zuwa wani sake tunani na topic, ta ci gaba. Topics Range idan aka sanya a cikin wani guda octave. Kammala theme iya ba za a furta. Akwai uku kumshin sassa, wanda manne fugue.

Mene ne abun da ke ciki? Wannan ya jitu hade da abubuwa a cikin wani siffar, bayyana da abun ciki. Fugue hada da uku irin wannan abubuwa: lãbãri, ci gaba da kuma ƙarshe. A lãbãri gabatar da batun a duk muryoyin, shi ne ci gaban da sabon keys amfani da thematic canji. A ƙarshe shi ne a key theme a tonality, a ƙarshe na sautuka zama daya. Bugu da kari ga uku-kashi fugues za a iya samu kuma a biyu-kashi. A wannan yanayin, ci gaban da aka hada tare da ƙarshe.

Nau'in sautunan fugue

A ka'idar, music composers, nuna a kan tambaya: "Fugue - wato," ya zo ga ƙarshe cewa za'a iya samun dama bambance-bambancen karatu na wannan salo. Mafi na kowa fugue - wani hudu-kashi. A wannan nau'i na topic farawa a daya daga cikin sautuka, shi ne ake kira da shugaba, sa'an nan Ya sãke imitatsionno biyu murya (tauraron dan adam) a cikin mafi girma da sautin, sa'an nan tun bambancin shiga uku murya kuma ya mayar da shugaba, bi da - a karo na hudu simulating tauraron dan adam.

More rare ne kashi biyu, uku- da pyatigolosnye fugue. Wadannan siffofin da ake ma gina a kan shugaban da tauraron dan adam, amma akwai saɓani a cikin Kwafin zaren.

Bugu da kari da adadin kuri'u fugue iya bambanta dangane da rawar da masu raka. Ya kasance biyu murya ko ci gaba naka theme.

Fugue a Baroque zamanin

Wannan lokaci ya zama tsakiyar fugue Genre, arziki a cikin siffar yayi dace da lokaci request. Sanannun music sharhi Iogann Fuks rubuta a rubutun "Matakai zuwa Parnassus" a cikin abin da ya wajaba a kansa da tsari na fugue da kuma tsara da hanya na koyarwa ta m. Ya bayyana rawar da counterpoint, kuma wannan aiki na shekaru da yawa zai zama muhimman hakkokin. Saboda haka, Haydn da zarar karatu counterpoint domin wannan aikin.

Mafi shahara fugues, ba shakka, su ne ayyukan J. Bach for harpsichord, ya "To zafin Clavier" da aka hada da 24 preludes da fugues a duk yiwu keys. Wadannan ayyuka ya zama abin koyi ga wani dogon lokaci. Tasirin Bach a bãyanta na composers ya mai girma, sabõda haka, kowace daga cikinsu akalla sau daya ya juya zuwa ga rubuce-rubuce fugues.

Fugues gargajiya lokaci

Gargajiya lokaci tura da fugue daga gaban line. Wannan salo ne ma gargajiya. Amma har ma da mafi girma composers kamar Beethoven da Mozart, rubuta fugues, ciki har da su a da dama daga cikin ayyukansa. Ya zama wani sabon mataki. Fugue daina zama mai zaman kanta aikin da wani bangare ne na girma ayyukansu. Wannan take kaiwa zuwa wani sauka a hankali raguwa a gabar da ƙarfin da rufe. Alal misali, Mozart a karshe na "The Magic sarewa" ya koma ga wani nau'i na fugue.

Fugue a cikin karni na 20th

A zamanin romanticism a fuskar Verdi, Wagner da Berlioz kõma saboda da shahararsa na fugue. A cikin karni na 20th, kuma ta zama mai zaman kanta aikin sake, misali ga sashin jiki da kuma kafa a cikin ya fi girma siffofin. Bartok, Reger, Stravinsky, Hindemith, Shostakovich da kuma wasu composers, firtsi ba sabon rai ga fugue, fallasa mai zurfi sake tunani na aikin Bach da Beethoven. Free kuma dissonant counterpoints ne tushen ga music na zamanin.

Zamani music aka gwaji da gargajiya nau'o'i, kuma ba wani togiya fugue. Mene ne music haƙuri? Wannan shi ne wani bambancin kan madawwami jigogi. Saboda haka Fugue fuskantar wani sabon canji, amma ba ya mutu.