Friedland Gate: adireshin tarihi. Kaliningrad Museum

Rasha Kaliningrad - wani gari tare da mai ban sha'awa tarihi. Har 1946 aka kira Konigsberg kuma ya kasance daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci al'adu da ilimi cibiyoyin a Jamus.

Abin ba in ciki, a lokacin fadan da yakin duniya na II da yawa daga cikin gine-gine da karin bayanai na birnin da aka irretrievably rasa. Duk da haka, ko da kadan da suka ragu na da babban amfani ga masoya na tsufa.

Daga cikin mafi ban sha'awa suna turobektov Kaliningrad Friedland Gate. Don da yawa shekarun da suka gabata, wannan gini ne mai gidan kayan gargajiya, wanda aka sadaukar domin pre-yaki tarihi na birnin.

ƙõfõfin Konigsberg

A farko kofa a cikin birnin da aka gina a cikin XIII karni. Bayan 4 ƙarni aka za'ayi aikin a kan yi na farko babbar katanga a kufaifan. Ya kunshi 8 da ƙofar. Tun da dukan wadannan gine-gine da aka yi da itace, shekaru 200 baya, suna sosai gaji, da kuma Sarkin Prussia Fridrih Vilgelm ta huxu yanke shawarar gina wata babbar katanga na biyu kufaifan. Mai duba nada m Ernsta Lyudviga von Aster, suka yanke shawarar su haifar da wani hadadden na gine-gine a style of English Gothic Revival. Farko da suka gina Ƙofar zama mai sarauta, alamar shafi da aka gudanar a 1843, da kuma shekara 10 baya birnin da aka yi wa ado da shida sauran irin wannan tsarin: Sackheim, Rossgartenskimi, Shtayndammskimi, Traghaymskimi, Ausfalskimi da Hollanderbaumskimi. A karshe batu na yi, protracted kusan shekaru 19, ya kasance da erection na 2 sabon ƙofofin Biyu Arch zane: Friedland da Brandenburg. A farko daya samu da sunan da a ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar da mafi tsoho gine-gine. An located a kan hanya a haɗa birnin Königsberg da Friedland, wanda yanzu aka fi sani da Pravdinsk. Ta hanyar su, koro kekunan shanun da tattalinsu na kauyuka dake kudu-maso-gabas na zamani Kaliningrad.

Friedland Gate: tarihi yi a cikin karni na ashirin

Biyu babbar katanga a karfafa wani dan kankanin lokacin cika tsaron gida ayyuka. By farkon karni na ashirin, ya bayyana cewa sun kasance bã su iya kare birnin daga sabbin makamansu da cewa sun fito tun da yi. A 1910, da tsarin na soja kufaifan da aka cire da kuma halakar da Traghaymskie, Shtayndammskie da Hollanderbaumskie ƙofar. Uku mafi irin Tsarin rasa embankments, m kufaifan da casemates. Ba tare da maimaitawa akwai kawai Rossgartenskie da Friedland Gate. Duk da haka, da hanyoyi da aka za'ayi a cikin wani detour. A lokaci guda yi yana da wani sabon fasalin: sun zama da siffatawa na tafiya a ƙasa damar yin amfani da m wuri mai faɗi Zuid-shakatawa.

A lokacin Soviet lokaci a cikin tarihi na Kaliningrad ƙofar takware dage farawa, da kuma sun sanya yi warehouses. A farkon shekarun 1990s, a lokacin da tsaftacewa ruwa sansanin soja ramuka, a wurin shakatawa samu wani babban yawan iyali abubuwa na farkon karni na ashirin. Domin biyayya da birnin da mazauna da kuma yawon bude ido ya bude baje kolin na Finds a titi Dzerzhinsky, 30. Bugu da kari, a cikin wadannan shekaru da ƙofofin da landscaped Zuid-shakatawa ya zama wani ɓangare na yawon shakatawa shirin ga German kungiyar zuwa ga tarihi mahaifarsa.

Description of gine-gine

Kamar sauran ƙofofin Konigsberg, Friedland da aka gina a cikin Gothic Revival style cewa Makamantan bayanai da siffofin halayyar da Turanci gine Tudor sau. The aikin ta marubucin ne ba a sani ba, amma masu bincike yi imani da cewa, mafi m, shi ne Friedrich Shtyuler.

A wani ɓangare na tsohon garin Friedland ƙofar facade ne zuwa kashi 6 sassa da biyar buttresses. Sun nuna gable karshen tare da ado turrets da protrude sama da ado parapet da battlements. All driveways, kofofin da windows aka yi wa ado portals da aka sanya a cikin nau'i na Lancet arches.

Friedland ƙõfõfin a tsakiyar ɓangare da biyu kwatance na fadin 4,39 m da tsawo 4,24 m The gefuna casemates Tsarin aka shirya, kuma a kan waje -. Guardhouse. Ƙofar facade aka yi wa ado da wani layin wutar. Yana da wani lu'u-lu'u juna na tubalin da launi daban-daban.

A sculptures a kan facade

Friedland Gate (Kaliningrad) da aka yi wa ado da wani mutum-mutumi na Friedrich von Zollern, wanda yake daya daga cikin shahararrun Great lardin kwamandan na Teutonic Order. Abin baƙin ciki, da asali da aka rasa a lokacin da yãƙi a cikin yakin duniya na biyu. Wani sassaka na wani jarumi - Siegfried von Feuchtwangen, Grand Jagora, wanda ya kafa ta tsakiya castle a Marienburg, - located a waje da ƙofar. Its marubucin ne sculptor Vilgelm Lyudvig Shtyurmer. aiki don mayar da wadannan Monuments da a yau suka da aka gudanar a shekarar 2005 da kuma 2008, kamar yadda a gabãnin haka, kai su wuraren da suke daya daga cikin mafi photographed shafukan a Kaliningrad.

Museum "Friedland ƙofar"

Wannan al'adu ma'aikata na ta bayyanar da aka zamar masa dole ya biyu masu goyon baya - Alexander G. Novikov Avetisyants Ella Petrovna. Suka gudanar da juya a kananan nuni a cikin zamani gidan kayan gargajiya, inda aiki al'adu da kuma aikin koyarwa.

A shekara ta 2007 ya aka gane a matsayin daya daga cikin 3 mafi kyau ayyukan aiwatar a 2007-2008. Bugu da kari, da ma'aikata da aka ayyana da lashe da All-Russian gasar na gidajen tarihi a cikin fasaha category.

daukan hotuna

A farko nuni ne ake kira "birane masu garu". Masu ziyara ana kiran su zuwa yin short yawon shakatawa ta hanyar shafukan na tarihin Königsberg da duba wani 6-minti fim da kuma saba da bayanai tsaye. Sa'an nan aka kira su zuwa ga babban zauren, wanda gidaje kashi na biyu na nuni, da kuma gudanar da wani mai rumfa tafiya a cikin pre-yaki birni. Yana farawa da wani real bruschatoy hanya, wanda aka kiyaye su a ciki, daga ƙõfar, juya cikin wani mai rumfa, halitta da doguwar primed takware. Uku projectors ƙirƙirar wani Tantancewar mafarki, turawa iyakoki na real duniya da kuma "tsaftacewa" garu. Ma fi girma daidaito daga abin da ke faruwa hašawa sauti effects: creaking kuraye, yara dariya da kuma neman mamaki mace sheqa. A karkashin wadannan sauti sightseers canjawa wuri zuwa Konigsberg marigayi XIX - farkon XX karni, da aka sani da lambu birni, da kuma "Jamus FC".

Virtual yawon shakatawa

Haske da sauti show yana daidai da sa'a daya. A wannan lokaci, mahalarta suna shiryar da Tours ta cikin tarihi cibiyar na Königsberg, wanda, da rashin alheri, a hakikanin rai da akwai kome hagu. Akwai su "sauke" a nuni lokuta cafes, shaguna da kuma Pharmacy, kazalika da shaida da gadoji ta hanyar Tsohon pergola. Bayan kammala na rumfa yawon shakatawa, yawon bude ido da suka samu kansu a wani real shakatawa, wanda aka sa shi a cikin farkon karni na ashirin a kan site na tsohon fortifications, da kuma ji dadin halitta kyakkyawa da Kaliningrad yankin.

"Echo of War" Exposure

A gidan kayan gargajiya "Friedland ƙofar", baƙi za su iya relive da ya burge na tun kasance a cikin dakin, stylized bam tsari a lokacin yakin duniya na II. Akwai tura wani audio-gani nuni "Echo of War". An bambanta da wani zamani m da kuma aiki da yin amfani da haske, sauti da kuma na gani effects saboda yin amfani da fasahar ta zamani.

"Knights 'Hall"

Kamar yadda aka ambata riga, Friedland Gate (adireshin: Dzerzhinsky, 30) An yi wa ado alamu na Teutonic Order. Bugu da kari, su ne mutummutumai da ta shahararren wakilan aka kafa. Yana da wani hadari da cewa a yau a cikin gidan kayan gargajiya wani lãbãri sadaukar da Knights na Teutonic Order, wanda ya nuna da maimaitawa na makamai da kuma makamai, kerarre bisa ga tsohon fasahar.

Wayewa da Sewerage

A lokacin, da Prussian birnin Koenigsberg aka dauki daya daga cikin mafi dadi birane a Jamus da kuma Baltic yankin. Karkasa tsarin najasa akwai bayyana da yawa a baya fiye da a mafi biranen Rasha Empire. A gidan kayan gargajiya aiki cikin Friedland ƙofar, baƙi ana kiran su zuwa ga nuni sadaukar da wannan muhimmin bangaren da zamani utilities. Yana gaya labarin wani tsoho najasa tsarin, halitta a tsakiyar uku Millennium BC. e. a birnin Mohenjo-Daro, located a Pakistan, a kan aikin famfo a Ancient Roma, kazalika da hanyoyin ruwa na da Turai da kuma Rasha. Yawon bude ido za su kuma koyi ban sha'awa bayani game da Duniya bayan gida Organization, da kuma cewa ya yi kira a 19 Nuwamba International Day domin bayan gida.

"Tare da imani a cikin zuciya"

A gidan kayan gargajiya "Friedland ƙofar" (adireshin gani. Sama) nuni da wannan sunan da aka sadaukar domin da farko natsuwa, wanda ya iso wani dilapidated Birtaniya sojan sama da kuma sojojin sun kai hari ga Red Kaliningrad daga ko'ina cikin tarayyar Soviet nan da nan bayan da yaki. Museum baƙi za a nuna yadda za a ga birnin mutanen da suka zo don gano wanda ba a sani ƙasa, kazalika da wasu iyali heirlooms suka kawo tare da su. Bugu da kari, za su ga aikina artist R. Borisovas da tarin abubuwa amfani da bauta, wanda ya kunshi crosses da nadawa gumaka.

Kaliningrad Museum

A birnin akwai wasu ban sha'awa abubuwa da za su yi sha'awar a cikin ziyartar yawon bude ido. Wadannan sun hada da wani art gallery, "forte N 5", wani tarin amber da kayayyakin sanya daga wannan abu, da sauransu. A gaskiya, da yawa daga cikinsu suna located in tsohon kufaifan. Alal misali, Cibiyar Littafi Art ya samu mafaka a cikin hasumiyar da barikin "Crown Prince", gina a cikin XIX karni.

Yanzu ka san inda Friedland Gate. Kaliningrad - wani gari tare da mai arziki tarihi da kuma abubuwan jan hankali. Tare da ziyarar ne haƙĩƙa daraja ziyara a titi Dzerzhinsky, 30, to ziyarci gidan kayan gargajiya sadaukar da haihuwa Konigsberg.