Dalili na mutum skeletons. kwarangwal ƙasũsuwa

Man, godiya ga musculoskeletal tsarin, za a iya matsawa sauƙi. Irin wannan inji na iya zama m da kuma aiki. A karshe part - shi ne tsoka taro mutum. Domin m sunadaran hada da ƙasusuwan mutane suna da alaka a wasu hanya.

Mene ne wani mutum kwarangwal?

Kwarangwal a cikin Girkanci harshe na nufin bushe ko bushe. Yana da dukan tsarin ko wani hadadden na ƙasũsuwa da cewa yin babban yawan ayyuka, ciki har da locomotor, m, nau'i-gini, da dai sauransu A general, da kwarangwal -. Dalili na jiki, ya na da yawa wanda da bakwai ga daya-biyar daga cikin jimlar nauyi na mutum. Shi ne fiye da 200 kasũsuwa, ashe, wanda za a iya sa su guda biyu da kuma unpaired. A karshen hada da sternum, vertebrae, coccyx, sacrum, sternum, wasu daga cikin ƙasusuwansa da zagayayyen kwanya.

kwarangwal aiki

Human kwarangwal gidaje da kayan ciki, wanda ya kare daga waje korau dalilai na tasiri. Kokon kare kwakwalwa, da laka canal - kashin baya, thoracic ƙasũsuwa kare zuciya, huhu, da mai tasoshin, esophagus, da kuma sauran hip tushe kwarangwal rike da urinary gabobin .. Ya yi aikin sauran ayyuka, misali, yana da hannu a cikin metabolism, cewa an kiyaye a wani matakin, da ma'adinai abun da ke ciki na jini. Har ila yau, wasu abubuwa dauke a cikin ƙasusuwansa, iya shiga cikin tafiyar matakai na rayuwa da mutum kwayoyin.

Zuwa kashi a haɗe jijiyoyin, tsokoki, tendons - abubuwa na "taushi kwarangwal", saboda su ma su bayar da gudummawa ga kariya da kuma riƙe gabobin ciki. Wani sashi na jiki iya canza matsayin su a dangane da juna, game da shi, motsi da mu a cikin sarari. Yana da wadannan ayyuka kawo, ƙashi na daga cikin kwarangwal - saboda su ne a irin levers actuated da motsi na tsokoki.

A siffar ƙasũsuwa

Sun bambanta a siffar da kuma cika daban-daban ayyuka. Akwai da dogon ƙasũsuwa da kwarangwal, wanda zai iya zama dogon (humerus) da kuma gajeren (phalanx).

Long ƙasũsuwa kunshi:

1. Jiki - elongated tsakiya rabo.
2. Thickened iyakar - epiphysis.

A tsakiyar ɓangare na kashi ne m ciki. Wide da lebur sassa samar da wani bango a wurin da kayan ciki, kamar da kwanyar kasũsuwa, ashe, pelvic ƙasũsuwa, sternum. A tsawon da nisa ƙwarai fi yawa a kan su kauri. Ka yi la'akari da daban-daban kasusuwa form taimako image: kwarangwal a duk ko a wasu iri ƙasũsuwa. Mixed iri da m rikitarwa siffar kuma sau da yawa kunshi dama sassa daban-daban tare da wani tsari da kuma siffar, misali vertebrae.

kashi tsarin

Dalili na jikin mu dole ne sosai karfi, saboda kwarangwal - ne da goyon bayan, wanda yana yin tsayayya quite mai yawa nauyi, wani talakawan na 60-75 kg. All mutum kwarangwal ƙasũsuwa da hadaddun sunadarai abun da ke ciki. Wadannan sun hada da kwayoyin da inorganic abubuwa. Wannan shi ne yafi phosphorous da alli salts (game da 70%), yin wuya kashi. Sel a 30% kunshi kwayoyin imparting jiki tushen elasticity da ƙarfi. A hade daga cikin wadannan abubuwa da ke sa cikin kashi nama karfi, kuma wannan shi ne mai matukar muhimmanci, tun da tushe daga cikin kwarangwal dole mallaka irin kaddarorin.

A yara da matasa ta ƙasũsuwa ne mafi na roba da kuma m, godiya ga wani babban abun ciki na Organic abubuwa. Da mazan mutane, don haka suka zama mafi gaggautsa kuma haka mafi m. Babban irin connective nama - wannan kashi nama kunshi Kwayoyin da intercellular abu. A faranti aka saka cikin juna, tare da irin wani tsari, wata high ƙarfi, kuma a lokaci guda lightness.

Kashi ma kunshi wani m, spongy abu. A rabo ya dogara da wuri da kuma aiki. M al'amari musamman ci gaba a cikin kasusuwa da su sassa, wanda tushe goyon baya da kuma motsi na mutum kwarangwal (misali, dogon ƙasũsuwa iya zama).

Spongy kayan kunshi wani jam'i na faranti wadda aka shirya a cikin shugabanci na cikin mafi girma da danniya. A takaice da kuma lebur kasũsuwa, ashe, kazalika a kan iyakar (epiphysis) dogon tsakanin faranti ne ja bargo, daga abin da jini Kwayoyin suna kafa. A cavities na dogon ƙasusuwan ya fara tasawa cika da kitse Kwayoyin. Suna kuma kira rawaya bargo. A m rabo daga support makamai rufe da wani bakin ciki a haɗa harsashi - periosteum.

gaban kashi

Kasusuwan na mutum kwarangwal rage gudu, kuma nan da nan gaba ɗaya tsaya da girma. A mata, shi ya faru a shekaru 20, maza - a 25 ƙasũsuwa girma a fadin saboda da rabo daga ciki Layer na periosteum Kwayoyin. Kamar yadda suke girma a tsawon. Su size ƙaruwa saboda guringuntsi, wanda ake dake tsakanin kasusuwan jiki da kuma ta ƙare.

Kamar yadda ƙasusuwan suna da alaka da juna?

All, ƙashi na daga cikin mutum kwarangwal mu'amala. Rarrabe m (gyarawa da kuma Semi-dabba ba a kanta) da kuma discontinuous connection. A cikin farko idan, a lokacin da kwanyar da kafafuwa kasusuwa ne a haɗe da juna. Da ake nufi da tsayayyen connection. Tsakanin ƙasũsuwa ne na bakin ciki Layer na connective nama, ko guringuntsi. Wasu daga cikin mahadi, misali, da kwanyar kira da jagged seams. A mafi daidai fahimtar yadda ƙasusuwan an haɗe zuwa juna, taimakawa hotuna. Kwarangwal, ƙashi na daga cikin kwarangwal, da kwanyar - duk dangane da hanyoyin da aka sosai a fili aka nuna a wadannan Figures a cikin labarin.

Semi-motsi fili a haɗe da juna, ƙashi na daga cikin kashin baya, hip da tibia. A kananan mota aiki na wadannan mahadi goya cartilaginous semiring. Su samar da tushen da kwarangwal da kashin baya, kwanyar, akwati, manya da ƙananan extremities, amma sun motsa kadan daga baya.

Mobile dangane da ƙasũsuwa - shi gidajen abinci. Na ji daga gare su, kowanne. Alal misali, hadin gwiwa tsakanin femur da kafafuwa zuwa ga tsari na hinjis. Saboda haka sunan su. Wannan nau'i damar da hadin gwiwa don matsawa da kashi baya da kuma fitar, yin motsi daga gefe zuwa gefe, da kuma juya a kusa da axis.

A gidajen abinci kuma su elliptical, sirdi, trochlear da lebur siffar. A wasu iri yiwu motsi kawai tare daya axis (uniaxial gidajen abinci), a wasu - a kusa da 2 da gatura (biaxial) da dai sauransu. The hadin gwiwa da ake kira "sauki", idan aka kafa ta biyu kasũsuwa, ashe, da kuma "hadaddun" - idan uku ko fiye.

A dangane kwarangwal nama

A kwarangwal aka hada da ƙasũsuwa da, guringuntsi. Su, bi da bi, suna kafa daga Kwayoyin da m intercellular abu. A cikin duka kashi da guringuntsi tsarin, asalin da kuma aiki. Da farko ci gaba a baya, kamar kasusuwa na kwanyar tushe, kashin baya, ƙananan wata gabar jiki, da dai sauransu Wasu daga cikin ƙasusuwansa ci gaba ba tare da guringuntsi -. Yana clavicle, kashin dadashinsu, da sauransu.

A cikin mutane, tsakiya da kuma wasu vertabrate cartilaginous kwarangwal ne game da 50% na jimlar jiki nauyi. Amma ya hankali maye gurbinsu da kashi, kuma ya fara tasawa da irin wannan taro ne kawai game da 2% na jimlar jiki nauyi. Cartilages na hanci da kunne, bronchi da karankarman ƙirji, intervertebral fayafai, articular guringuntsi, tracheal guringuntsi rabin-zobe samar da tushen da kwarangwal, saboda ba tare da su ba shi yiwuwa a kammala aiki na dukan jikin mutum a matsayin dukan.

Guringuntsi yi da wadannan ayyuka:

1. Rufe surface na a haɗa kasũsuwa, ashe, samar da su su resistant sa.
2. Carry cushioning da kuma motsi canja wurin matsawa da kuma fadada gidajen abinci da kuma intervertebral fayafai.
3. Samar da Airways da matsanancin kunne.
4. Suna lazimta tendons, tsokoki da jijiyoyin sun hadu.

axial kwarangwal

Duk da ƙasũsuwa kasu kashi axial da kuma karin kwarangwal. A farko kunshi:

1. Kwanyar - kashi na mutum shugaban, wanda gidaje kwakwalwa, da gabobin da ji da gani, wari. Kwanyar kunshi da fuska da kuma kwakwalwa sashen.
2. Thorax - nono kashi sansanonin kunshi goma sha biyu thoracic vertebrae 12 nau'i-nau'i daga hakarkarinsa da sternum.
3. A vertebral shafi, ko kashin baya - tushen da kwarangwal. Har ila yau, shi ne ake kira da zaunanniyar dukan jikin mutum. laka ta'allaka a cikin vertebral shafi.

tsawo kwarangwal

Secondary kwarangwal kunshi sassa biyu:

1. Ta samar da hakan babba wata gabar jiki, wanda damar da aka makala daga cikin manya sassa na goyon bayan, wanda shi ne wani kwarangwal tsarin. Wannan zone kunshi wani ruwa da kuma karankarma. Upper wata gabar jiki suna sanya har na 3 sassan: kafada, hannu da dantse, kuma hannunka.
2. Ta samar da hakan daga cikin ƙananan extremities, wanda ya samar da wani dangane da axial kwarangwal, da kuma hidima a matsayin goyon baya da kuma matattarã na urinary, narkewa kamar da kuma haihuwa tsarin. An kafa daga pelvic, ischium, pubis. Lower reshe kunshi hip, femoral, patella, tibia, da sauran kafar.

Wannan labarin ne sosai takaice, amma mafi m don bayyana tsarin da mutum kwarangwal. Wannan ne mai matukar wuya tambaya don gano shi sosai, kana bukatar ka yi nazarin likita wallafe-wallafe.